DAFTAR ISI

Cover ............................................................................................................ i
Lembar Pengesahan ...................................................................................... ii
Abstraksi ...................................................................................................... iii
Kata Pengantar .............................................................................................. iv
Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Gambar .............................................................................................. x
Daftar Tabel .................................................................................................. xii
Daftar Diagram ............................................................................................. xiii

BAB I. Pendahuluan

1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................. 1

1.2. Permasalahan .............................................................................. 3
1.3. Pembatasan Masalah ................................................................... 4
1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................ 4
1.5. Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................. 5

BAB II. Pengertian Hidraulik, Pipeline PIGGING, Dasar Pemilihan PIG,

Tipe PIG, Aplikasi PIGGING untuk Konstruksi Pipa, dan
PIGGING Selama Konstruksi

2.1. Pengertian Hidraulik ................................................................... 6 viii

2.2. Komponen Dalam Hidraulik ....................................................... 6

2.2.1. Pompa Hidraulik ................................................................. 7
2.2.2. Katup .................................................................................. 8

2.2.3. Silinder Hidraulik ................................................................ 13

2.3. Prinsip Dasar Hidraulik .............................................................. 16
2.3.1. Hidrostatika ......................................................................... 17
2.3.2. Hidrodinamika .................................................................... 20
2.4. Hukum Aliran ............................................................................. 20
2.5. Cara Kerja Sistem Hidraulik ....................................................... 25
2.6. Keuntungan dan Kelemahan dari sistem Hidraulik ...................... 27
2.7. Pipeline Pigging ......................................................................... 30
2.8. Dasar Pemilihan Pigging ............................................................. 31
2.9. Tipe Pig ...................................................................................... 33
2.9.1. Foam PIG ............................................................................ 33
2.9.2. Bidirectional PIG ................................................................ 34
2.9.3. Inflatable Unisphere PIG ..................................................... 35
2.9.4. Scraper PIG ......................................................................... 35
2.9.5. Brushes PIG ........................................................................ 36
2.9.6. Intellegent PIG .................................................................... 37
2.9.7. Calipper PIG ....................................................................... 39
2.10. Aplikasi Pigging untuk Pipa yang masih Baru ............................. 39
2.11. Peningkatan Nilai Efisiensi dengan Pigging ................................ 40
2.12. Pengoperasian Sistem PIG .......................................................... 41 ix

2.13. Pigging selama Konstruksi .......................................................... 42

2.13.1. Pembersihan Pasca konstruksi ........................................... 43
2.13.2. Pengujian Pigging pada Instalasi Perpipaan ....................... 43

BAB III. Operasional PIG, mekanisme Operasional HAPP, Keunggulan

HAPP, Aplikasi, dan Menghitung Pressure drop serta Kecepatan
PIG

3.1. Operasional PIG dalam Proses Pembersihan ................................. 46

3.2. Hydraulically Activated Pipeline Pigging (HAPP) ........................ 49
3.2.1. Pengenalan Pigging pada Saluran Pipa ................................ 50
3.2.2. Prinsip Kerja HAPP ............................................................ 51
3.3. Komponen HAPP ......................................................................... 52
3.4. Mekanisme Operasional HAPP ..................................................... 55
3.4.1. Tekanan yang dapat ditambah dengan tenaga pompa ........... 57
3.4.2. Tekanan yang tidak dapat ditambah dengan tenaga pompa ... 58
3.5. Keunggulan HAPP dengan PIG Konvensional .............................. 58
3.6. Aplikasi HAPP ............................................................................. 60
3.7. Pengujian HAPP ........................................................................... 61
3.8. perhitungan pressure drop (P) dan Kecepatan PIG
pada saat PIG beroperasi ............................................................... 61

BAB IV. Kesimpulan ................................................................................. 66

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................