PENGENDALIANNYA
FARMASI FMIPA, UHAMKA
2011
Priyo Wahyudi
Ekspresi Gen
Regulasi
Prokariot
promoter
polygenic
operator
-35
-10
TTGACA
TATAAT (Pribnow box)
Lac Operon
Regulation
Regulation Gene
Operon Lac
10
Trp Operon
11
Regulasi
Eukariot
12
Transcription.
mRNA processing and transport.
Translation.
Degradation of mRNA.
Protein processing.
Protein degradation.
15
DNA
1 transcription
pre-mRNA
2 mRNA
processing
mRNA
Cells can
regulate the
activity of
enzymes.
3 translation
inactive
protein
4 modification
substrate
active
protein
product
5 degradation
amino
acids
Figure1011Biology:LifeonEarth8/e2008PearsonPrenticeHall,Inc.
Different mRNAs
may be produced
from a single gene.
Cells can control the
rate of translation of
particular mRNAs.
Cells can regulate
a proteins activity
by modifying it.
Cells can regulate
a proteins activity
by degrading it.
Regulation of Chromatin
Structure
Regulation of Chromatin
Structure
Regulation of Chromatin
Structure
Methylation
Histone Acetylation
neutralizes
Promotes
condensation(+)
charges on tails,
which
prevents
binding to
Phosphorylation
can
prevent
condensation,
if
adjacent nucleosome
to
loose
chromatin
phosphorylation
is adjacent
methyl
group
structure results, allowing for increased
transcription
Pre-Transcriptional
Regulation
Post-Transcriptional
Regulation
RNA Processing
differential/alternative splicing can
produce different 20 mRNA transcript
Differential splicing redefines
which RNA segments are
considered introns and which
are exons
Post-Transcriptional
Regulation
Time of mRNA degradation can vary
Pre-Translational Regulation
Initiation of Translation
- can be blocked by regulatory
proteins that prevent ribosome
binding
- shortened polyA tails in mRNA
prevents translation (polyA tails can
be added during appropriate time)
- global regulatory control of all
mRNAs in cell
Post-Translational Regulation
During protein processing, folding
Timing of protein degredation can
vary
Proteasomes degrade proteins that
are tagged by ubiquitine molecules
Signal
Transduksi
29
Signal Transduksi
30
31
33