DASAR K3 03
DADAN RAMDANI, SKM, M.KKK
LOGO
KONSEP DASAR
Work
process
Material
Individual
Hazard
Work environment
Risk
Incident/Accident
Outcome
Consequences
DEFINITION OF HAZARDS
anything (including work practices or
procedures) that has potential to harm the
health or safety of a person (Workcover,
Australia)
a source or a situation with a potential for harm
in terms of human injury or ill-health, damage to
property, damage to the environment, or a
combination of these (AS 4801)
hazard represents a source of energy with the
potential of causing immediate injury to personnel
and damage to equipment, environment or
structure
(Zimolong and Trimpop, ILO encyclopedia )
DEFINISI BAHAYA
TIPE HAZARD
Physical (Fisika)
Chemicals (Kimia)
Biological (Biologi)
Mechanical/electrical (Mekanik/
elektrik)
Psychosocial (Psikososial)
Ergonomics (Ergonomi)
Behavioral (Kebiasaan)
Environmental (Lingkungan)
Environmental Hazards
(Bahaya Lingkungan)
Cuaca Buruk
Bekerja di Tempat Tinggi
Bekerja di tempat tidak rata
Behavioral Hazards
(Bahaya Perilaku)
Menyepelekan Prosedur kerja
Malas Menggunakan APD
Tidak Patuh Peraturan
RISIKO (RISK)
Definisi 1:
Risiko adalah likelihood (kemungkinan) bahwa
bahaya dan cedera karena suatu hazard akan
terjadi pada individu tertentu atau kelompok
individu yang terpajan bahaya. Ukuran dari risiko
tergantung pada seberapa mungkin (how likely)
hazard tersebut membahayakan dan besarannya
(magnitude)
Definisi 2:
Risiko adalah (the probability of a specific adverse
effect
to
occur)
:
Risiko
adalah
probabilitas/kemungkinan dari suatu efek buruk
tertentu untuk terjadi
(Holmberg, et al., ) ILO Encyclopedia
Risk formulation
Risk = Consequence x Probability
R = fC X P
Risk = C (harm/injury) x probability of injury
C (Harm/injury) = Hazard x Exposure
Exposure = Concentration x Duration
Risk = (Hazard x Concentration x Duration) x Probability of Injury
Risk
Consequences
Physical
Noise
Chemical
Biological
Ergonomi
cs
Psychosocial
Carcinogen
Cancer
Microorganism
Infections
Manual handling
Back pain
Stress
RISK
Auditory
Non auditory
CONSEQUENCE
Occupational
deafness
(NIHL)
VIBRATION
Segmental
Whole body
HEAT
Dehydration
White fingers
Musculoskeletal
disorders
Vasoconstriction
COLD
LIGTHING
Visual acuity
PRESSURE
Hypobaric
Hyperbaic
RADIATION
Ionizing
Non - ionizing
Frostbite
Fatigue, Visus
Hypoxia (Oxygen)
Gases exchange
DNA / RNA
Heating tissue
CONSEQUENCE
PARTICULATES,
DUSTS, FIBERS
Depositions
(inhaled)
Silicosis
Bysinosis
Cancer
GASES, VAPORS
MISTS, FUMES,
SMOKE
Irritation
(inhaled)
Asphyxiant
Asthma
LIQUIDS,
SOLVENTS
Contact
(ingested,
absorbtion)
Dermatitis/toses
Poisoning, Cancer
SOLIDS
Contact
(ingested,
absorbtion)
Derma (titis/toses)
Poisoning, Cancer
CHEMICAL
BIOLOGICAL
RisK
CONSEQUENCE
BACTERIA
Infection
Diseases
FUNGI
Infection
Diseases
VIRUSES
Infection
Diseases
OTHERS
Infection
Diseases
RISK
Musculoskeletal
Physical stresses
Musculoskeletal
CONSEQUENCE
Back pain, HNP
Neck stiffness
CTS ,CTD, RSI
RSI, MSDs
Fatigue
MSDs
RISK
CONSEQUENCE
WORK
ORGANIZATION
Stress
Work performance
JOB CONTENT
Stress
Fatigue, Work
performance
SHIFTWORK
Stress
WORK SITE
Stress
Fatigue,
personality
OTHERS
Stress
Personality, Work
performance
Accident prone
TERIMA KASIH