Transenden STT 3hal
Transenden STT 3hal
FUNGSI
TRANSENDEN
MA1114 KALKULU I
x a y = f (x)
Definisi 8.1 Fungsi y = f(x) disebut satu-satu jika f(u) = f(v) maka u = v
atau jika u v maka f (u ) f (v )
y=x
y = x2
y = x
u
fungsi y=x satu-satu
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Secara geometri grafik fungsi satu-satu dan garis yang sejajar dengan
sumbu x berpotongan di satu titik.
Teorema : Jika fungsi f satu-satu maka f mempunyai invers
notasi f 1
f 1 : R f D f
y a x = f 1 ( y )
R
Df
x= f
R
f
x
( y)
Berlaku hubungan
Rf
y=f(x)
f(f
( f ( x)) = x
1
( y )) = y
D f 1 = R f ,
MA1114 KALKULUS I
R f 1 = D f
3
f(x)=x
f ' ( x) = 1 > 0, x R
f selalu turun
f selalu naik
> 0, x > 0
f ' ( x) = 2 x =
< 0, x < 0
f naik untuk x>0
turun untuk x <0
f ( x) = x
f ( x) = x 2
f ( x) = x
ada
ada
tidak ada
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh : Diketahui f ( x ) =
x 1
x+2
3
1.( x + 2) 1.( x 1)
=
> 0, x Df
( x + 2) 2
( x + 2) 2
Misal
y=
x 1
, x 2
x+2
xy + 2 y = x 1
f 1 ( y ) =
2y 1
y 1
x y x = 2 y 1 x =
f 1 ( x) =
2y 1
y 1
2x 1
x 1
5
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x) = x 2
f ( x) = x 2
Untuk x>0 f
u
ada
f ( x) = x 2
Grafik f dan f
f
MA1114 KALKULUS I
( f 1 )' ( y ) =
1
f ' ( x)
dx
1
=
dy dy / dx
Contoh Diketahui f ( x) = x 5 + 2 x + 1 tentukan ( f 1 )' (4)
Jawab :
( f 1 )' (4) =
1
1
=
f ' (1) 7
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Soal Latihan
Tentukan fungsi invers ( bila ada ) dari
1
, x>0
x
1.
f (x) = x +
2.
f (x ) = 3 2x 1
3. f ( x ) = 5 4x + 2
4. f ( x ) =
5
x2 + 1
, x0
5. f ( x ) = x + 1
x 1
6.
f ( x) =
2x 3
x+2
MA1114 KALKULUS I
x 1
ln x =
dt , x > 0
x1 1
D x [ln x ] = D x dt =
1 t x
u ( x ) 1 1 du
D x [ln u ] = D x dt =
1 t u dx
10
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x ) = ln(sin( 4 x + 2 ))
1
D x (sin( 4 x + 2 )) = 4 cot( 4 x + 2 )
sin( 4 x + 2 )
Contoh : Diberikan
f ' ( x) =
maka
y = ln | x | , x 0
Jika
ln x , x > 0
=
ln( x ) , x < 0
d
1
Jadi,
(ln | x |) =
, x 0.
dx
x
1
Dari sini diperoleh :
y = ln x y ' =
1
x
y = ln( x ) y ' =
1 1
=
x
x
x dx = ln | x | + C
Sifat-sifat Ln :
1. ln 1 = 0
2. ln(ab) = ln a + ln b
3. ln(a/b)=ln(a) ln(b)
4 . ln a r = r ln a
11
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh: Hitung
x2
dx
x3 + 2
jawab
Misal u = x 3 + 2 du = 3 x 2 dx
1 du
x2
dx =
+2
u 3
1
du = x 2 dx
3
1 1
1
du = ln | u | + c
3u
3
1
= ln | x 3 + 2 | +c
3
sehingga
4
x
0
4
1
x2
dx = ln | x 3 + 2 |
0
3
+2
1
1
= (ln 66 ln 2) = ln 33.
3
3
MA1114 KALKULUS I
12
a. f ( x) = ln x =
b. f ' ( x ) =
f(x)=lnx
dt
,x > 0
t
1
> 0 x D f
x
1
< 0 x D f
x2
13
MA1114 KALKULUS I
y = exp( x ) x = ln y
( ( ))
exp ( x) = e x
14
y = ex
x = ln y
1
dy
=
= y = ex
dx dx / dy
dx 1
=
dy y
Jadi, Dx (e x ) = e x
Secara umum
Dx (e u ( x ) ) = e u .u '
Sehingga
dx = e x + C
MA1114 KALKULUS I
15
y=exp (x)
y=ln x
1
1
Contoh
D x (e 3 x ln x ) = e 3 x ln x .D x (3 x ln x) = e 3 x ln x (3 ln x + 3).
16
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh Hitung
e3 / x
dx
x2
Jawab :
Misalkan u =
3
1
1
3
du = 2 dx 2 dx = du
3
x
x
x
Sehingga
e3/ x
1
1
1
dx = e u du = e u + c = e 3 / x + c.
3
3
3
x2
17
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Soal latihan
A.Tentukan
1.
dari
y'
y = sec e
2x
+ e 2 sec x
5 3 ln x
2.
y=x e
3.
y = tan e
4. y
e 2 x + xy 3 = 1
5. e = ln( x + 3 y )
y
6.
y = ln x 2 5 x + 6
y = ln (cos(3 x ))
ln x
8. y =
2
x
7.
9. y = ln sin x
MA1114 KALKULUS I
18
4
dx
2x + 1
6.
4x + 2
2
x +x+5
2. ln 3 x dx
x
7.
x3
3. 2
dx
x +1
4.
tan(ln x)
x dx
5.
2
x ( ln x)
dx
(x + 3) e
x
dx
x 2 + 6x
8.
9.
(cos x ) e
10.
x e
12.
2 2 x3
dx
sec 2 e
2 ln x
11.
sin x
) dx
dx
13.
dx
e2x
dx
x
+3
e3x
(1 2e
3x 2
dx
dx
19
MA1114 KALKULUS I
ln 3
3.
4.
7.
2 e x
2 dx
1 x
8.
xe
2. 1 x (1 + x ) dx
e
x
ln 3 e + 4
ln 5
x
dx
e 3 4 e dx
e2
9.
5. e
2x + 3
4 x 2
dx
dx
x(ln x)
dx
20
MA1114 KALKULUS I
= e x ln a
D x ( a x ) = D x ( e x ln a ) = e x ln a ln a = a x ln a
Jika u = u(x), maka
dx =
1 x
a + C,a 1
ln a
MA1114 KALKULUS I
21
a x a y = a x+ y
2.
ax
= a x y
ay
3.
(a x ) y = a xy
4.
(ab) x = a x b x
5.
ax
a
= x
b
b
22
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh
1. Hitung turunan pertama dari
f ( x ) = 3 2 x +1 + 2 sin 2 x
Jawab :
x2
.xdx
Jawab :
Misal
u = x 2 du = 2 xdx xdx = 12 du
x2
.xdx =
4x
du 1 4 u
=
+C =
+C
2 2 ln 4
2 ln 4
MA1114 KALKULUS I
23
Df = ( , )
a x ln a < 0 , 0 < a < 1
x
b. f ' ( x) = a ln a = x
a ln a > 0 , a > 1
f monoton naik jika a > 1
monoton turun jika 0 < a < 1
c.
f ( x ) = a ,0 < a < 1
x
f ( x) = a x , a > 0
d. f(0) = 1
MA1114 KALKULUS I
24
ln x = ln a y = y ln a y =
Sehingga
D x ( a log x ) = D x (
ln x
ln a
ln x
ln a
log x =
ln x
1
)=
ln a
x ln a
D x ( a log u ) = D x (
u'
ln u
)=
u ln a
ln a
25
MA1114 KALKULUS I
x +1
)
x 1
Jawab :
1.
f ( x) = 3 log( x 2 + 1) =
2.
f ( x)= 4 log(
ln( x 2 + 1)
ln 3
x + 1 ln( xx +11 )
)=
x 1
ln 4
f ' ( x) =
2x
1
x 2 + 1 ln 3
f ' ( x) =
x +1
1 1
Dx (
)
x 1
ln 4 ( xx +11 )
1 x 1 x 1 ( x + 1)
ln 4 x + 1 ( x 1) 2
1
2
=
ln 4 ( x + 1)( x 1)
26
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x ) = a x ,0 < a < 1
f ( x) = a x , a > 1
MA1114 KALKULUS I
27
Soal Latihan
A. Tentukan
y ' dari
2x 4 4x
1. y = 3
2. y = 10 log x 2 + 9
3. x 3 log( xy ) + y = 2
B. Hitung
5x 1
1.
10
dx
x
x 2 dx
2.
MA1114 KALKULUS I
28
ln( f ( x )) = h ( x ) ln( g ( x ))
D x (ln( f ( x))) = D x (h( x) ln( g ( x)))
f ' ( x)
h( x )
= h' ( x) ln( g ( x)) +
g ' ( x)
f ( x)
g ( x)
h( x)
f ' ( x) = h' ( x) ln( g ( x)) +
g ' ( x) f ( x)
g ( x)
MA1114 KALKULUS I
29
Contoh
Tentukan turunan fungsi f ( x) = (sin x) 4 x
Jawab
Ubah bentuk fungsi pangkat fungsi menjadi perkalian fungsi dengan
menggunakan fungsi logaritma asli
4x
f ' ( x)
= 4 ln(sin( x)) +
cos x = 4 ln(sin( x)) + 4 x cot x
sin x
f ( x)
f ' ( x) = (4 ln(sin( x)) + 4 x cot x)(sin x) 4 x
MA1114 KALKULUS I
30
10
lim f ( x) g ( x ) = ?
xa
Untuk kasus
(i) lim f ( x) = 0, lim g ( x ) = 0
xa
x a
f ( x ) = , lim g ( x ) = 0
(ii) lim
xa
xa
f ( x ) = 1, lim g ( x ) =
(iii) lim
xa
xa
Penyelesaian :
Tulis lim( f ( x) g ( x ) ) = lim[exp ( ln f ( x) g ( x ) )]
x a
x a
xa
]
31
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh Hitung
lim x x
a.
b. lim (1 + x ) x
1
x 0+
Jawab
a.
x 0 +
x 0
c. lim x 3 + 1
x
x 0
1 / ln x
(bentuk 0. )
1
x 0 x
2
x
b.
ln(1 + x)
= exp lim
x
x 0
32
MA1114 KALKULUS I
= exp lim
x0
1
= exp 1 = e
1+ x
sehingga
lim (1 + x ) x = e
1
x 0
c.
lim (x 3 + 1)
ln( x 3 + 1)
= exp lim
x ln x
3x
3
= exp lim x + 1 .
x 1 / x
(3)
= exp lim
x (1 + 13 )
x
ln( x 3 + 1)
= exp lim
x ln x
3x 3
= exp lim 3 = exp lim x (3)
x x 3 (1 + 13 )
x x + 1
= exp(3) = e3 .
MA1114 KALKULUS I
33
11
1.
5.
lim x 1 x
x 1
2. lim(1 + sin 2 x ) x
lim 1 + x 2
x
1
ln x
6. lim(ln x ) x
1
x 0
3.
4.
lim cos
x
x2
1
x
lim 3 x + 5 x
8.
x x + 2
lim e 2 x 1 ln x
x 0 +
7.
x + 1
lim
34
MA1114 KALKULUS I
x = sin 1 y y = sin x
35
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Turunan
Dari hubungan y = sin 1 x x = sin y 1 x 1, 2 y
atau Dx (sin 1 x) =
1
1 x2
u'
1 u2
dx
1 x2
= sin 1 x + C
MA1114 KALKULUS I
36
12
f ( x ) = cos x
Berlaku hubungan
y = cos 1 x x = cos y
Turunan
Dari
y = cos 1 x x = cos y ,1 x 1, 0 y
dy
1
1
=
=
dx dx / dy sin y
1
1 cos 2 y
1 x2
diperoleh
, | x |< 1
37
MA1114 KALKULUS I
atau
Dx (cos 1 x) =
Jika u= u(x)
1 x2
u'
Dx (cos 1 u ) =
1 u2
= cos 1 x + C
1 x2
Contoh
D x (sin
( x 2 )) =
1 (x 2 )2
Dx ( x 2 ) =
D x (cos 1 (tan x )) =
1 (tan x) 2
2x
1 x4
D x (tan x) =
sec 2 x
1 tan 2 x
38
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Contoh Hitung
Gunakan rumus
1
4 x2
dx
1
1 u2
du = sin 1 (u ) + C
Jawab :
1
4 x2
dx =
Misal u =
1
4 x2
1
4(1
x2
)
4
dx
1
2
1
x
(1 ( ) 2
2
dx
x
du = 12 dx dx = 2du
2
2
dx = 1
du = sin 1 u + C
2 (1 u 2
MA1114 KALKULUS I
= sin 1 ( 2x ) + C
39
13
< x < 2
y = tan 1 x x = tan y
Turunan
f(x)=tanx
, 2 < y < 2
1
1
dy
1
1
=
=
=
=
1 + tan 2 y 1 + x 2
dx dx / dy sec 2 y
40
MA1114 KALKULUS I
atau Dx (tan 1 x ) =
dx
1
1 + x2
1+ x
= tan 1 x + C
u'
Dx (tan 1 u ) =
1+ u2
Jika u=u(x)
f(x)=cotx
Berlaku hubungan
y = cot 1 x x = cot y
Turunan
1
1
dy
1
1
=
=
=
=
1 + cot 2 y 1 + x 2
dx dx / dy
csc 2 y
41
MA1114 KALKULUS I
atau
Dx (cot 1 x) =
Jika u=u(x)
1
1+ x2
dx
1+ x
Dx (cot 1 u ) =
= cot 1 x + C
u'
1+ u2
Contoh
D x (tan 1 ( x 2 + 1) =
D x (cot 1 (sin x )
2x
1
Dx( x 2 + 1) =
1 + ( x 2 + 1) 2
1 + ( x 2 + 1) 2
1
=
Dx(sin x) = cos x
1 + (sin x) 2
1 + sin 2 x
Contoh Hitung
dx
a.
4+ x
b.
dx
x 2 + 2x + 4
MA1114 KALKULUS I
42
14
Jawab
a.
4+ x
dx =
1
4(1 +
x2
)
4
dx
x
du = 12 dx dx = 2du
2
u=
4+ x
1
2
1
du = tan 1 u + C
4 1+ u2
2
dx =
Gunakan rumus
1
1+ u
1
1
dx
4 1 + ( x )2
2
1
x
tan 1 ( ) + C
2
2
du = tan 1 (u ) + C
43
MA1114 KALKULUS I
b.
dx
1
=
dx =
+ 2 x + 4 ( x + 1) 2 + 3
Misal
1
3
u=
1
( x + 1)
1 +
x +1
3
Gunakan rumus
1
1+ u
du =
3(1 +
1
dx
( x + 1) 2
)
3
dx
1
3
dx dx = 3du
dx
1
3
1
=
du =
tan 1 u + C
+ 2x + 4 3 1 + u 2
3
du = tan 1 (u ) + C
x +1
1
tan 1
+ C
3
3
44
MA1114 KALKULUS I
y = sec 1 x x = sec y
MA1114 KALKULUS I
45
15
Turunan
Dari
sec 1 x = cos 1 ( 1x )
y = sec 1 x x = sec y
cos y =
1
x
y = cos 1 ( 1x )
Sehingga
D x (sec 1 x ) = D x (cos 1 ( 1x ) =
Jika u = u(x)
D x (sec 1 u ) =
1
x2 1
1
1
| x|
1
=
=
2
2
1 ( 1x ) 2 x
x2 x2 1 | x | x 1
u'
| u | u2 1
dx = sec 1 | x | +c
46
MA1114 KALKULUS I
y = csc 1 x x = csc y
47
MA1114 KALKULUS I
Turunan
Dari
csc 1 x = sin 1 ( 1x )
y = csc 1 x x = csc y
sin y =
1
x
y = sin 1 ( 1x )
Sehingga
Dx (csc 1 x) = Dx (sin 1 ( 1x )
Dx (sec 1 u ) =
Jika u = u(x)
1
x2 1
1
1
| x|
1
=
=
2
1 ( 1x ) 2 x
| x | x2 1
x2 x2 1
u'
| u | u 2 1
dx = csc1 | x | +c
MA1114 KALKULUS I
48
16
Contoh
A. Hitung turunan pertama dari
a. f ( x ) = sec 1 ( x 2 )
1
b. f ( x) = sec (tan x)
Jawab
a.
f ' ( x) =
f ' ( x) =
b.
| x2 | (x2 )2 1
Dx( x 2 ) =
1
| tan 2 x | (tan x) 2 1
2x
x2 x4 1
Dx(tan x) =
2
x x4 1
sec 2 x
| tan 2 x | tan 2 x 1
49
MA1114 KALKULUS I
B. Hitung
1
x2 4
dx
Jawab
1
x2 4
Misal
x 4(
u=
1
x2 4
dx =
x2
1)
4
dx =
1
2
1
2
dx
x
x 1
2
x
du = 12 dx dx = 2du
2
dx =
1
1
1
1
2du =
du
2 2u u 2 1
2 u u2 1
x
1
1
sec 1 | u | +C = sec 1 | | +C
2
2
2
MA1114 KALKULUS I
50
Soal Latihan
A. Tentukan turunan pertama fungsi berikut, sederhanakan jika mungkin
1.
y = (sin 1 x ) 2
2.
y = tan 1 (e x )
3.
y = tan 1 x ln x
4.
f (t ) = e sec
5.
y = x cot (3 x)
6.
y = tan 1 ( x 1 + x 2 )
MA1114 KALKULUS I
51
17
B. Hitung
1.
9x
2.
4x
3.
1/ 2
4.
dx
+16
1 x2
6.
dx
sin 1 x
ex
dx
+1
2x
e 2x
dx
1 e 4x
dx
7. x[4 + (ln x) 2 ]
dx
x 2 16
2 5x2
5.
dx
52
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x ) = cosh x =
e x + ex
2
f ( x) = sinh x =
e x ex
2
f ( x) = tanh x =
sinh x e x e x
=
cosh x e x + e x
f ( x) = coth x =
cosh x e x + e x
=
sinh x e x e x
f ( x) = sec h x =
1
2
=
cosh x e x + e x
f ( x ) = csc h x =
1
2
=
sinh x e x e x
53
MA1114 KALKULUS I
cosh x + sinh x = e x
2. cosh x sinh x = e
4.
3.
cosh 2 x sinh 2 x = 1
1 tanh x = sec h x
5. coth
x 1 = csc h 2 x
Turunan
e x + e x e x e x
Dx (cosh x) = Dx
= sinh x
=
2
2
sinh x dx = cosh x + C
e x e x e x + e x
=
Dx (sinh x) = Dx
= cosh x
2
2
MA1114 KALKULUS I
54
18
D x (tanh x) = D x (
Dx (coth x ) = Dx (
2
2
sinh x
1
) = cosh x sinh x =
= sec h 2 x
cosh x
cosh 2 x
cosh 2 x
cosh x
sinh 2 x cosh 2 x (cosh 2 x sinh 2 x)
)
=
sinh x =
sinh 2 x
sinh 2 x
1
= csc h 2 x
sinh 2 x
1
sinh x
D x (sec hx ) = D x (
) =
= sec hx tanh x
cosh x
cosh 2 x
=
D x (csc hx ) = D x (
1
cosh x
) =
= csc hx coth x
sinh x
sinh 2 x
55
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x ) = cosh x =
e x + e x
, xR
2
x
x
(ii) f ' ( x) = e e = f ' ( x) < 0 , x < 0
1
(iii)
f ' ' ( x) =
ex + ex
> 0 , x R
2
MA1114 KALKULUS I
f ( x ) = sinh x =
(ii) f ' ( x) =
e x e x
,xR
2
e x + e x
>0
2
f ' ' ( x) =
e x e x > 0, x > 0
=
2
< 0, x < 0
57
19
Contoh
Tentukan y ' dari
2
1. y = tanh( x + 1)
2. x 2 sinh x + y 2 = 8
Jawab
1.
2.
2 x sinh x + x 2 cosh x
2y
MA1114 KALKULUS I
58
Soal Latihan
A. Tentukan turunan pertama dari
1.
f ( x ) = tanh 4 x
2.
g ( x) = sinh 2 x
3.
g ( x) =
4.
h(t ) = coth 1 + t 2
5.
g (t ) = ln(sinh t ))
6.
f ( x) = x cosh x 2
1 cosh x
1 + cosh x
MA1114 KALKULUS I
59
Sinh(1 + 4 x)dx
2.
sinh x cosh
3.
tanh x dx
4.
2 + tanh x dx
x dx
sec h 2 x
MA1114 KALKULUS I
60
20