DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................

DAFTAR ISI ..............................................................................................

iii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................

vi

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................

viii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................

1.1 Latar Belakang ...............................................................................

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penilitian .......................................................

1.4 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................

BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM .....................................................................

2.1 Sejarah Perusahaan ........................................................................

2.1.1 Data Umum Perusahaan ........................................................

2.1.2 Visi, Misi dan Nilai Perusahaan ............................................

2.1.3 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................

2.1.4 Satuan Kerja di PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk ...................

2.1.5 Ruang Lingkup dan Proses Produksi Perusahaan .................

10

2.2 Lokasi dan Kesampaian Daerah .....................................................

11

2.3 Keadaan Topografi .........................................................................

13

2.4 Keadaan Geologi ............................................................................

13

2.5 Keadaan Stratigrafi ........................................................................

15

2.6 Iklim dan Curah Hujan ...................................................................

17

2.7 Cadangan dan Kualitas Batubara ...................................................

17

2.8 Proses Penambangan Batubara di Tambang Air Laya ...................

23

BAB III DASAR TEORI ...........................................................................

26

3.1 Pemboran .......................................................................................

26

3.1.1 Pola Pemboran (Drill Pattern) ..............................................

27

3.1.2 Arah Pemboran (Drill Direction) ..........................................

29

3.1.3 Produktifitas Pemboran .........................................................

30

3.2 Peledakan .......................................................................................

35

3.2.1 Proses Kegiatan Peledakan ...................................................

35

3.2.2 Proses Pecahnya Batuan Akibat Peledakan ..........................

37

3.2.3 Karakteristik Massa Batuan ..................................................

40

3.2.4 Bahan Peledak .......................................................................

46

3.2.5 Geometri Peledakan ..............................................................

48

3.2.6 Pola Peledakan ......................................................................

56

3.2.7 Arah Peledakan .....................................................................

57

3.2.8 Pengisian Bahan Peledak ......................................................

59

3.2.9 Waktu Tunda .........................................................................

61

3.2.10 Hasil Peledakan ...................................................................

62

3.3. Energi Peledakan ..........................................................................

64

3.3.1 Work Energy ..........................................................................

65

3.3.2 Waste Energy .........................................................................

66

3.4. Getaran dan Gelombang ..............................................................

64

3.3.1 Getaran Tanah(Ground Vibration) ........................................

65

3.4.1.1 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Getaran.........................

65

3.4.1.2 Prinsip Pengukuran Getaran Peledakan.....................

66

3.4.1.3 Alat Ukur Getaran Tanah(Ground vibration).............

67

3.3. Gelombang ...................................................................................

64

3.3.1 Gelombang Seismik ..............................................................

65

3.3.2 Gelombang Badan(Body wave) .............................................

66

3.3.2 Gelombang Permukaan .........................................................

66

BAB IV TUGAS KHUSUS .......................................................................

68

4.1......................................... Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan ...................................................

.........................................................................................................

68

4.2......................................... Objek Tugas Khusus ....................................................................

.........................................................................................................

68

4.3........................................ Peralatan dan Software .................................................................

.........................................................................................................

68

4.4.....................................................................................

Proses

Pengambilan

.........................................................................................................

Data

69

4.4.1

Perancangan Data Awal dan Perhitungan .............................

69

4.4.2

Pengambilan Data Lapangan.................................................

69

4.4.3

Perbandingan Fragmentasi Aktual Lapangan dan Prediksi...

70

4.4.4

Bagian Alir Penelitian............................................................

70

BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .....................................................

72

5.1 Getaran Tanah(Ground Vibration)Prediksi dengan Persamaan

..................................................................................

Peak

Paticle

Velocity(PPV)

.........................................................................................................

67

5.1.1. Geometri Peledakan RL.Ash........................................

72

5.1.2. Jumlah Isian Bahan Peledak ........................................

73

5.1.3. Hasil Ground Vibration Prediksi...................................

76

5.2. Getaran Tanah(Ground Vibration)Aktual dengan Menggunakan

BlasmateIII................................................................................

76

5.2.1. Penentuan Jarak Pengukuran .......................................

77

5.2.1.1.............................................................Peralatan

Pengukuran

..............................................................................
5.2.1.2..........................................................

77

Penggunaan

..............................................................................
5.2.1.3......................................................Hasil

Ground

78
Vibration

..............................................................................
5.2.1.4..........................................................

BlasmateIII

79

Perlengkapan

..............................................................................

Peledakan

80

5.3. Perbandingan Ground Vibration Prediksi dan Ground Vibration

Aktual........................................................................................

84

BAB VI KESIMPULAN ...........................................................................

87

6.1........................................................................................Kesimpulan

87

6.2..............................................................................................Saran

87

DAFTR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

Aktual

DAFTAR GAMBAR

2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.
3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.
3.14.
3.15.
3.16.
4.1.
5.1.
5.2.

Struktur Oganisasi Umum PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk .......

Struktur Kerja BORDAK PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk.........
Peta Lokasi Unit Produksi PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk.......
Lokasi PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk......................................
Foto Udara Lokasi Tambang PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk....
Kolom Stratigrafi di Tambang Air Laya ..................................
Pola Pemboran Paralel..............................................................
Pola Pemboran Staggered.........................................................
Perbandingan Distribusi Energi Peledakan..............................
Arah Pemboran.........................................................................
Contoh Kartu Izin Meledakan (KIM)......................................
Pemecahan tingkat I.................................................................
Pemecahan tingkat II..............................................................
Pemecahan tingkat III.............................................................
Pengaruh kekar pada kegiatan peledakan...............................
Geometri Peledakan...............................................................
Pengaruh Burden Terhadap Hasil Peledakan..........................
Pola Peledakan Berdasarkan Arah Runtuhan.........................57
Arah peledakan keluar sudut tumpul perpotongan kekar.......59
Bentuk Tumpukan Batuan Hasil Peledakan...........................63
Kenampakan Jenjang Setelah Kegiatan Peledakan.................
Ilustrasi proses penghitugan fragmentasi dengan split-desktop
Bagan Alir Penelitian.............................................................
Bottom Loading.......................................................................
Distribusi Energi Peledakan Pola Staggered Dan Bujur Sangkar

8
8
11
12
13
16
27
28
28
29
36
38
39
39
44
49
50

64
67
71
82
85

DAFTAR TABEL

2.1 Cadangan Batubara PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk. .....................

17

2.2 Jenis Batubara PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk. .............................

18

2.3 Penggolongan Mutu Batubara PT. Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk (ASTM)

19

2.4 Spesifikasi Batubara PTBA Berdasarkan Permintaan Konsumen. .

21

2.5 Kualitas Batubara (Market Brand) di PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk. Konversi Empiris
Mine Brand & Market Brand dari Adb ke Ar ...........................

22

2.6 Kualitas Batubara (Market Brand) di PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk.

22

3.1 Klasifikasi Bahan Peledak Menurut Anon (1997) .........................

41

3.2 Hubungan Antara UCS Dengan Kekerasan Batuan .......................

41

3.3 Hubungan Antara Rqd Dengan Frekuensi Bidang Lemah Per Meter

42

3.4 Klasifikasi Jarak Antar Bidang Lemah...............................................

43

3.5 Bobot Nilai Tiap Parameter Dalam Penentuan Blastability Index..

45

3.6 Klasifikasi Bahan Peledak Menurut Anon......................................

46

3.7 Burden standar (KB.std) menurut R.L. Ash.......................................

51

3.8 Hubungan Nilai Powder Factor dengan Tipe Batuan.....................

61

3.9 Hubungan Nilai Powder Factor dengan Densitas Batuan..............

61

3.10 Waktu tunda antar row..................................................................

62

4.1 Peralatan dan Software...................................................................

68

5.1 Data Geometri Peledakan di Pit TAL Selatan pada tanggal 12 - 23 September 2015.
.........................................................................................................

73

5.2 Total Volume Peledakan Perhari di Pit TAL Selatan......................

74

5.3 Jumlah Bahan Peledak Per Hari (Kg).............................................

74

5.4 Tabel Powder Factor.......................................................................

75

5.5 Distribusi Ukuran Fragmentasi Hasil Peledakan............................

76

5.6 Fragmentasi Hasil Peledakan dengan Split Dekstop