TUGAS BESAR

AZAZ TEKNIK KIMIA II

Disusun Oleh :
Ahmad Syaiful Bahri 1407110454
Freddy Manullang

1407123875

Imanuel Tumanggor

1407113403

PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS RIAU
2016

8.30

Gas sintesis di upgrade untuk meningkatkan kualitas metana dalam

sistem recycle. Gas umpan terdiri dari sejumlah kecil metana dan di
analisis terdiri dari 22% CO, 13% CO2, dan 65% H2O (% mol) pada
metana-free basis. Aliran produk (aliran 6) dianalisa terdiri dari (% mol)
CO 5%, H2 9%, CH4 50%, CO2 27% dan H2O 9%. Baik umpan maupun
produk merupakan gas dan memiliki suhu 200oF. Didalam reaktor terjadi
dua reaksi, yaitu :
CO + 3H2 CH4 +H2O
CO + H2O CO2 + H2
Limbah cari dari reaktor di dinginkan ke suhu 500oF pada cooler dan
kemudian di dinginkan lagi pada exchanger 2. Sebagian dari limbah cair
keluar sebagai produk. Sisanya di alirkan ke separator yang mana aliran
di dinginkan menjadi 90oF dan 95% dari H2O terpisah sebagai liquid. Gas
sisa pada aliran kemudian dipanaskan di exchanger 2, dan dicampur
dengan umpan aliran pertama, dan kembali ke reaktor. Asumisikan mixer,
splitter, exchanger 2, dan reaktor beroperasi secara adiabatik. Gunakan
nilai Cp rerata yang diberikan :
Cp (g)
CO
H2
CH4
CO2
H2O

Cp (l)

(Btu/lbmol.oF) (Btu/lbmol.oF)
7.3
7.0
12.0
11.4
8.7
18.0

a. Buatlah tabel derajat kebebasan (DOF) dan tunjukkan bahwa proses

terspesifikasi dengan benar.
b. Tentukan tahapan-tahapan untuk permasalahan.
c. Hitunglah temperatur dari keluaran reaktor.

a. Tabel Degree Of Freedom

a.
b.

c.

Mixer

MB

f.

eat

eat

Exchan

Exchan

ger 1
p.

ger 2
q.

o.

ombine

MB

ombine

z.

d
aa.

ab.

d
ac.

variabel
am. Stre

an.

ao.

ap.

aq.

ar.

as.

am
ba.

8
bb.

bc.

9
bd.

be.

0
bf.

2
bg.

bp.

bq.

br.

bs.

balances
cc.
Mat

cd.

ce.

cf.

cg.

ch.

ci.

erial
cq.
Ene

4
cr.

cs.

5
ct.

cu.

cv.

cw.

Nu

m.

e.

n.

y.

l.

d.

ad.

g.

Splitter

h.

Separa
tor

j.
i.

rocess
r.

s.

MB

ombine MB

ombine

af.

d
ag.

ah.

d
ai.

at.

au.

av.

aw.

ax.

15
bh.

5
bi.

7
bj.

bk.

8
bl.

bv.

bw.

bx.

by.

cj.

ck.

cl.

cm.

cn.

5
cx.

cy.

5
cz.

da.

9
db.

ae.

Overall

t.

u.

v.

w.

x.

Co

MB mbined
aj.

ak.

al.

ay.

az.

9
bm. bn.

mber of

T,

dQ/dt
bo. Nu

bt.

bu.

3
bz.

ca.

cb.

co.

cp.

5
dc.

dd.

mber of

rgy
de.

Nu

df.

dg.

dt.

du.

dh.

di.

dj.

dk.

dl.

dm.

dn.

do.

dp.

dv.

dw.

dx.

dy.

dz.

ea.

eb.

ec.

ed.

dq. dr.

mber of
specificati
ons
ds.

Fee

d comp.
1
eg. Sep. eh.

ei.

ej.

ek.

el.

em.

en.

eo.

ep.

outlet

eq.

ee. ef.

er.

1
es.

et.

fg.

fh.

2
2

comp.
eu. dQ/

ev.

ew.

dt = 0
fi.
Con

fj.

fk.

version
fw.
Tem

fx.

fy.

peratures
gk. Rea

gl.

gm.

ctor inlets
gy.
R2

gz.

outlet
hm. Fee

hn.

ex.

ey.

fl.

fm.

ez.

fa.

fn.

fo.

fz.

ga.

gb.

gn.

go.

gp.

ha.

hb.

hc.

hd.

ho.

hp.

hq.

hr.

fb.

fc.

fp.

fq.

fd.

fe.

ff.

fr.

fs.

ft.

fu.

fv.

gh.

2
gi.

gj.

gc.

gd.

ge.

gf.

gg.

gq.

gr.

gs.

gt.

gu.

gv.

he.

hf.

hg.

1
hh.

hi.

hj.

hs.

2
ht.

hu.

hv.

hw.

hx.

gw. gx.

1
hk. hl.
2

hy.

hz.

d
ia.

Sep. ib.

outlets
io.
Deg

ip.

ree of

freedom
jc.
Basi

jd.

ic.
iq.

ie.

ir.

is.

if.
1

it.

ig.

ih.

ii.

ij.

ik.

iu.

iv.

iw.

ix.

iy.

3
je.
1

jq.

id.

jf.

8
jg.

jh.

ji.

jj.

il.

im. in.

iz.

ja.

0
jk.

jl.

jb.

0
jm.

jn.
1

jo.

jp.

OlrvBcaneSpto
jr. b. Tahapan Perhitungan
js.
jt.
ju.

jv.

jw.

c.

Temperatur keluaran outlet (T3)

1. Overall Balance
jx.
N1 = Basis = 100 lbmol

jy.

dQ
dt

jz. Neraca massa total

ka........................................................................................N1 = N6 + N8 (1.1)
kb.
Neraca massa
komponen
N1CO = N6CO
(1.2)
1
6
(1.3)
kd..................................................................................................................................................... N CO2 = N CO2
ke........................................................................................N1H2 = N6H2
(1.4)
1
kf........................................................................................N H2O = N8 H2O (1.5)
kg.
Energy Balance
dQ
t = N6 [H(200oF) H(Tref)] + N8[H(90oF) H(Tref)] N1[H(200oF)
kh.
dt
kc.....................................................................................................................................................

H(Tref)]
ki.

Tref = 90oF ,

dQ
total
dt

dQ
1+
dt

dQ
2 = 0 (hampir keseluruhan
dt

proses adiabatis)
kj.

0 = N6[H(200oF) H(90oF)] + N8[H(90oF) H(90oF)] N1[H(200oF)

H(90oF)]
kk..................................................................................................................0 =
N6[H(200oF) H(90oF)] N1[H(200oF) H(90oF)]..................................(1.6)
200

N6[H(200oF) H(90oF)]

= N6

90

Cp6 dT

= N6 Cp(CO + H2 + CH4 + CO2 + H2O) (200oF - 90oF)

= N6 (7.3 + 7 + 12 + 11.4 + 8.7) Btu/lbmoloF

kl.
km.

(200oF - 90oF)
N6[H(200oF) H(90oF)] ...............................= 5104

kn.
Btu/lbmol. N6

(1.7)
200

N [H(200 F) H(90 F)] =

Cp 1 dT

90

ko.
kp.

= N1 Cp(CO + H2 + CO2) (200oF - 90oF)

= 100 lbmol. (7.3 + 7 + 11.4) Btu/lbmoloF

(200oF - 90oF)
kq.............................................................................................................N1[H(20
0oF) H(90oF)] = 282 700 Btu................................................................(1.8)
kr. Dari persamaan (1.7) & (1.8) subtitusi ke persamaan (1.6).
ks. N6[H(200oF) H(90oF)]
= N1[H(200oF) H(90oF)]
kt. 5104 Btu/lbmol. N6 = 282 700 Btu
282700 Btu
ku. ( N6)
=
= 55.39 lbmol
5104 Btu /lbmol
kv.
kw. Subtitusi nilai (N1) & (N6) ke persamaan (1.1)
kx. N1 = N6 + N8
ky.
100 lbmol = 55.39 lbmol + N8
kz. N8 = 44.61 lbmol
la.
2. Separator Balance

lb.

dQ
dt

ll.

lc. Neraca Massa Total

ld.
N7=N9 + N8
le. N7=N9 + 20234.75......................................(2.1)
lf. Neraca Massa Komponen
lg. N7CO=N9CO ..................................................(2.2)
lh. N7H2O=N9H2O + N8H2O....................................(2.3)
li. N7CH4=N9 CH4................................................(2.4)
lj. N7CO2=N9CO2 ................................................(2.5)
lk. Neraca Energy
= N8 [H(90oF) H(Tref)] + N9[H(90oF) H(Tref)] N7[H(200oF)

H(Tref)]
lm.

Tref = 200oF, sehingga persamaan diatas menjadi sebagai berikut :

dQ
dt

ln.

= N8 [H(90oF) H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) H(200oF)]

N7[H(200oF) H(200oF)]
lo.

dQ
dt

= N8 [H(90oF) H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) H(200oF)]

..................................................................................(2.6)

90

N 8 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ] =N 8 (

180

Cp8L H 2 O + Hvl ( H 2 O , 180 ) +

180

Cp8v H 2 O )

200

lp..................................................................................................
Hvl H 2 O=
17490.7 Btu/lbmol dari Appendiks 2)

lq.
N 8 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ] =N 8 {8.7

Btu
17490.7 btu
Btu
( 90180) +
+18
lbmol
lbmol
lbmol

lr...................................................................................................

Btu
17490.7 btu
Btu
( 90180)+
+18
(1802
lbmol
lbmol
lbmol
ls..................................................................................................
lt...................................................................................................
N 8 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ] =N 8 {8.7

N 8 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ] =44.61 lbmol {783

lu.
lv.

Btu 17490.7 btu

Btu
+
360
}
lbmol
lbmol
lbmol

N 8 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ] = 729 270.897 Btu (2.7)

lw....................................................................
90

N9[H(90oF) H(200oF)] =

N9

Cp 9 dT

200

lx....................................................................................
90

N9

Cp 9 dT =N 9 (Cp H 2 O +Cp CO +CpCO2 CpH 2+ Cp CH 4 )(90 200 )

200

ly....................................................................................
lz....................................................................................
ma..................................................................................
mb.................................................................................. N 7 x 8H 2O =N 7 x8H 2O

mc..................................................................................44.61 lbmol
0.95 N 7
md.................................................................................. N 7= 46.96 lbmol
me.................................................................................. N 9H 2 O =N 7N 8H 2O
mf..................................................................................
N 9H 2 O =46.9644.61
mg..................................................................................
N 9H 2 O =2.35lbmol =0.09
mh..................................................................................
N 9CO =0.05=1.305lbmol
mi...................................................................................
N 9H 2=0.09=2.35 lbmol
mj...................................................................................
N 9CH 4 =0.5=13.05lbmol
mk..................................................................................
N 9CO2 =0.27=7.05lbmol
ml...................................................................................
N 9=N 9H 2 O + N 9CH 4 + N 9H 2+ N 9CO + N 9CO 2
mm.................................................................................
N 9=1.305+13.05+2.35+ 2.35+7.05=26.105 lbmol
mn.....................................................................
mo..................................................................................
90

N9

Cp 9 dT =N 9 (Cp H 2 O +Cp CO +CpCO2 CpH 2+ Cp CH 4 )(90 200 )

200

mp..................................................................................
90

N9

Cp 9 dT =26.105 lbmol(8.7+7.3+11.4 +7+12)Btu /lbmol (90 200 )

200

mq..................................................................................N9[H(90oF)
H(200oF)] = -133 239.92 Btu........................................(2.8)
mr...................................................................................Subtitusi persamaan
(2.8) & (2.7) ke persamaan (2.6)

ms.

dQ
dt

= N8 [H(90oF) H(200oF)] + N9[H(90oF) H(200oF)]

..................................................................................(2.6)
mt...................................................................................
dQ
8
1=N [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ]+ N 9 [ H ( 90 ) H ( 200 ) ]
dt
mu.....................................................................
dQ
1=729 270.897 Btu133 239.92 Btu = 596 030.977 Btu
dt
mv.

3. Splitter Balance
mw.

Neraca Massa Total

mx.
N 7 +N 6=N 5

my. 46.96+55.39=N 5
mz. N 5=102.35 lbmo l ..............(3.1)
na. Neraca Massa Komponen
nb. N 6CO + N 7CO=N 5CO
nc. 2.77+ 4.23=N 5CO
nd. N 5CO =7 lbmo l .....................(3.2)
ne. N 6H 2 + N 7H 2=N 5H 2
nf. 4.9851+ 4.2264=N 5H 2
ng. N 5H 2=9.2115 lbmo l ...........(3.3)
nh. N 6CH 4 + N 7CH 4=N 5CH 4
ni. 27.695+23.48=N 5CH 4
nj. N 5CH 4 =51.175lbmol ..........(3.4)
nk. N 6CO2 + N 7CO 2=N 5CO 2
nl. 14.9553+12.6792=N 5CO 2
nm.................................................. N 5CO2 =27.6345
nn. N 6H 2 O + N 7H 20=N 5H 20
no. 4.9851+ 4.2264=N 5H 2 O
np. N 5H 2 O =9.2115 lbmo l .......(3.6)
nq. Komposisi aliran 5
N 5CO
7
x 100 =5
nr. CO 5 x 100 =
102.35
N
5
NH2
9.2115
x 100 =9
ns. H 2 5 x 100 =
102.35
N
N 5CH 4
51.175
x 100 =
x 100 =50
nt. CH 4
5
102.35
N
5
N CO 2
27.6345
x 100 =27
nu. CO2 5 x 100 =
102.35
N
N 5H 2 O
9.2115
x 100 =
x 100 =9
nv. H 2 O
5
102.35
N
4. Heat Exchanger 2 Balance

(3.5)

nw.

nx. Neraca Massa Total

ny. N 4 + N 9=N 5 + N 10 (N 4 =N 5 , N 9 =N 10) ..................(4.1)
nz. Neraca Massa Komponen
oa. ( N 4 =N 5 , N 9=N 10)
ob. Neraca Energi
oc.
dQ
5
10
10
4
=N { H ( 200 )H ( Tref ) }+ N { H ( T ) H ( Tref ) }N { H ( 500 )H ( Tref ) } N
dt
dQ
=0 proses adiabatik , Tref =500 )
od. (
dt
oe.

0=N 5 { H ( 200 )H ( 500 ) }+ N 10 { H ( T 10) H (500 ) }N 4 { H ( 500 )H (500 )

of.
0=N 5 { H ( 200 )H ( 500 ) }+ N 10 { H ( T 10) H (500 ) } N 9 {H ( 90 )H ( 500 ) }
.............................................................................(4.2)
200

og. 0=N

500

CpdT + N

10

10

500

90

Cp dT N

500

CpdT

oh.
500
T 10 N

5
10
0=N ( Cp H 2O + CpCO +Cp CO2 Cp H 2 +Cp CH 4 ) (200 500 )+ N ( CpH 2 O +CpCO +Cp CO
oi.

0=102.35 ( 8.7+ 7.3+11.4+ 7+12 ) (200 500 ) +26.105 ( 8.7+7.3+ 11.4+7 +12 ) ( T 10
oj. 0=1 424 712+1 211.272 ( T 10500 ) 496 621.52
ok. 1 921333.52=1 211.272 ( T 10500 )
ol. 1586.21=( T 10500 )
om..............................................................................
10

T =2086.21
on.
oo.
op.
oq.
or.
os.
ot.
ou.
ov.
5. Mixer Balance

ow.

Neraca Massa Total

ox. N 1+ N 10=N 2
oy. 100 + 26.105 = N 2
oz. 126.105 = N 2 ..................................................(5.1)
pa. Neraca Massa Komponen
pb. N1CO + N10CO = N2CO
pc. 22 + 1.305 = N2CO
pd. 23.305 = N2CO.......................................................(5.2)
pe. N1CO2 + N10CO2 = N2CO2
pf. 13 + 7.05 = N2CO2
pg. 20.05 = N2CO2........................................................(5.3)
ph. N1H2 + N10H2 = N2H2
pi. 65 + 2.35 = N2H2
pj. 67.35 = N2H2.........................................................(5.4)
pk. N10CH4 = N2 CH4

pl. 13.05 = N2 CH4.......................................................(5.5)

pm.....................................................................N10H2O = N2 H2O
pn. 2.35 = N2 H2O
po.
pp.