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SUMMARY
PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL DARI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
MELALUI PROSES FUNGAL TREATMENT OLEH Aspergillus niger DAN
FERMENTASI OLEH Zymomonas mobilis
BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES THROUGH FUNGAL
TREATMENT PROCESS BY Aspergillus niger AND FERMENTATION BY Zymomonas mobilis
Created by ANDAYANI, RINA
Subject

: Alkohol

Subject Alt

: Alcohol

Keyword :

: Ethanol; Selulosa; TKKS; Fungal pretreatment; Aspergillus niger; Fermentasi; Zymomonas

mobilis

Description :
Ethanol merupakan salah satu energi alternatif untuk mengatasi krisis energi. Berbeda dengan bahan bakar fosil, ethanol
merupakan sumber energi yang dapat diperbarui. Salah satu bahan baku potensial untuk pembuatan ethanol adalah
Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Untuk mengkonversi cellulotic material menjadi bioethanol perlu dilakukan
degradasi selulosa menjadi glukosa. Aspergillus niger merupakan salah satu jamur yang memiliki aktivitas spesifik
cellulase tertinggi. Sedangkan Z. mobilis menunjukkan kelebihan atas yeast dalam proses fermentasi ethanol sehingga
Z.mobilis dipertimbangkan sebagai suatu organisme alternatif dalam produksi bahan bakar bioetanol untuk skala besar.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai bahan baku pembuatan
biethanol serta mendapatkan kondisi optimal untuk proses fungal treatment dengan fungi Aspergillus niger dan proses
fermentasi dengan bakteri Zymomonas mobilis. Metode penelitian menggunakan tiga tahapan utama yaitu pretreatment
TKKS, fungal pretreatment, dan fermentasi. TKKS didelignifikasi dengan penambahan larutan NaOH (1:5, 1:10 w
TKKS/v NaOH). Bubur TKKS dibuat dengan penambahan air dengan rasio 1:8. Aspergillus niger dibiakkan dalam PDA
selama 5 hari. Biakan Aspergillus niger dimasukkan ke dalam media dengan pH 5 kemudian dihomogenisasi.
Konsentrasi fungi yang diperlukan adalah 5 x 106 spora/ml. Dilakukan fungal treatment oleh Aspergillus niger (20%,
30% v/v) dengan aerasi pada suhu 50C, pH 5 selama 9 hari. Setelah fungal treatment campuran disaring, filtratnya
didinginkan hingga suhu 30C, ditambahkan starter Zymomonas mobilis (10%, 20% v/v) dan difermentasi selama 48
jam pada suhu 30C dan pH 5. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh kadar dan yield gula reduksi tertinggi diperoleh pada
fungal treatment dengan Pretreatment Larutan NaOH 1:5 (w TKKS/v NaOH) menggunakan penambahan suspensi
Aspergillus niger 30% (v/v) dengan kadar gula reduksi 0,52 % dan yield 68,3 mg gula reduksi/g TKKS. Sedangkan
kadar ethanol tertinggi diperoleh pada proses fermentasi dengan penambahan suspensi Zymomonas mobilis 10% (v/v)
yaitu kadar ethanol 0,14 % dan yield 0,29 g ethanol/g gula reduksi.

Description Alt:
Ethanol is one of the alternative energy to overcome energy crisis. In contrast to fossil fuels, ethanol is a renewable
energy source. One of the potential raw material for the manufacture of ethanol is Empty Oil Palm Bunch (TKKS). To
convert the cellulotic material into bioethanol, degradation of cellulose into glucose is necessary. Aspergillus niger is
one of the fungies that has the highest cellulase specific activity. Meanwhile, Z. mobilis showed advantages compared
to yeast in ethanol fermentation process so Z.mobilis is considered as an alternative organism in the production of
bioethanol fuel for a large scale. The purpose of this study was to use Empty Oil Palm Bunch (TKKS) as raw material
for the manufacture of biethanol, as well as to get the optimal conditions for the fungal treatment with the fungi
Aspergillus niger and the process of fermentation with the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis. The research method used
three main stages namely pretreatment TKKS, fungal pretreatment and fermentation. TKKS went through
delignification with the addition of NaOH solution (1:5, 1:10 w TKKS/v NaOH). TKKS mixture was made with the

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addition of water with a ratio of 1:8. Aspergillus niger cultured in PDA for 5 days. Aspergillus niger culture was
incorporated into the medium with a pH of 5 and then homogenized. The concentration of fungi that needed was 5 x 106
spores / ml. Fungal treatment was done by Aspergillus niger (20%, 30% v/v) with aeration at 50 C, pH 5 for 9 days.
After fungal treatment, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was cooled to 30 C and fermented with Zymomonas
mobilis (10%, 20% v/v) for 48 hours at 30 C and pH 5. From the experimental results the highest reduction sugar level
and yield were obtained from fungal treatment with NaOH pretreatment of 1:5 (TKKS w / v NaOH) using the addition
of Aspergillus niger suspension 30% (v/v) with reduction sugar content of 0.52% and yield 68,3 mg reduction sugar/g
TKKS. While the highest levels of ethanol obtained in the fermentation process by adding Zymomonas mobilis
suspension 10% (v/v) with ethanol content of 0.14% and yield 0.29 g ethanol/g reduction sugar.

Contributor

: Dr. Ir. Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, M.Eng.

Date Create

: 05/08/2011

Type

: Text

Format

: pdf

Language

: Indonesian

Identifier

: ITS-Master-3100012045248

Collection

: 3100012045248

Call Number

: RTK 661.82 And p

Source

: Master Thesis of Chemical Engineering, RTK 661.82 And p, 2011

COverage

: ITS Community

Right

: Copyright @2011 by ITS Library. This publication is protected by copyright and per obtained
from the ITS Library prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a re transmission in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, reco For information regarding
permission(s), write to ITS Library

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Contact Person :
Mr. Edy Suprayitno (edy_supra@its.ac.id)
Mrs. Ansi M. Putri(ansi@its.ac.id)
Mr. Taufik Rachmanu (taujack@its.ac.id)
Mrs. Dewi Eka Agustina (dee@its.ac.id)

Thank You,

Nur Hasan
ITS Digilib Supervisor

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