Frank O. Gehry adalah principal dari firma arsitektur Frank O.

Gehry and
Associates yang berlokasi di Los Angeles, California. Desain Frank Gehry,
yang mengeksplor berbagai macam kemungkinan gabungan metode
konstruksi dan susunan elemen arsitektur, telah dibangun di seluruh
penjuru Amerika Serikat. Frank Gehry juga penerima Arnold W. Bnumer
Award dari American Institue of Arts and Sciences (1983) dan berbagai
penghargaan nasional dan internasional lainnya.
Gehry terlahir sebagai Frank Goldberg di Toronto, Canada, tahun 1929.
Semasa kecilnya, Gehry kemudian pindah ke Los Angeles dan
menyelesaikan pendidikan arsitekturnya di University of Southern
California. Frank Gehry kemudian bekerja di Wdton and Associates (1957-
1958) dan Victor Gruen (1958-1961) di Los Angeles. Frank Gehry juga
bekerja bagi Andre Remondent di Paris (1961). Pada tahun 1962, Frank
Gehry mendirikan firma arsitekturnya sendiri dan terlibat di berbagai
project residential (Hillcrest Apartements-1962, Bixby Green-1969), project
komersial (Kay Jewelers Stores-1963-1965, Joseph Magnin Stores-1968).
Selama periode tahun 1960an, Frank Gehry mulai mengarahkan desain
arsitekturnya dengan menggabungkan arsitektur dan elemen vernakular
Jepang, dipengaruhi juga oleh para pelukis dan pematung, melalui metode
manipulasi perspektif yang canggih, masa sculpture yang dilipat oleh
cahaya, dan bangunan yang mengungkapkan strukturnya sendiri. Strategi
desainnya ini, berhasil dicapai pertama kali melalui desain arsitektur untuk
Malibu House (1972), yang merupakan rumah tinggal temannya sendiri,
seorang pelukis bernama Ron Davis, dan dikembangkan melalui
serangkaian project rumah tinggal kecil.
Rumah-rumah ini memungkinkan Gehry untuk menjelajah dan
mengeksplorasi proses-proses konstruksi dan penggunaan dari material
bahan bangunan yang diproduksi masal dan berharga murah. Dengan
mengekspose struktur rangka kayu, menggunakan kayu lapis, pembuatan
rantai logam yang berfungsi sebagai screen, dan memecah volume
bangunan menjadi bentuk-bentuk geometris yang tidak lengkap, Frank
Gehry mengungkapkan hubungan dari struktur fisik dan konteks
arsitektural. Pencarian dari bentuk arsitektur baru ini mencapai puncaknya
pada project rumah tinggalnya sendiri di Santa Monica (1978), yang
merupakan bangunanrumah Cape Cod yang dikelilingi dan dipotong
dengan tambahan dinding metal dan kaca. Ruang-ruang baru
ditambahkan dengan keberadaan jalinan rantai, kayu, dan kaca.
Konstruksi kayu, baik dari bangunan lama maupun bangunan baru,
dibiarkan terekspose, dan menjadi bagian dari pondasi dan atap rumah.

Ini merupakan sebagian karya-karyanya :

Frank Owen Gehry, CC (nama lahir Ephraim Owen Goldberg di
Toronto, Ontario pada 28 Februari 1929) adalah seorang arsitek
berkewarganegaraan ganda Amerika Serikat dan Kanada. Pemenang
Penghargaan Pritzker tahun 1989.

Gehry dikenal akan pendekatan ukiran ke desain bangunan dan untuk

membangun struktur yang berkurva, dan seringkali dibungkus dengan
logam yang mengkilat. Gedung yang dirancangnya, termasuk tempat
tinggal pribadinya di Santa Monica, California, telah menjadi atraksi
wisatawan. Banyak museum, perusahaan, dan kota mencari jasa Gehry
sebagai simbol pembedaan, untuk segala produk yang dibuatnya.
Hasil kerjanya yang pling terkenal adalah Museum Guggenheim di Bilbao,
Spanyol yang dilapisi dengan titanium, Aula Konser Walt Disney di pusat
kota Los Angeles, Dancing House in Praha, Republik Ceko,
Dilahirkan di tengah keluarga Yahudi di Toronto, Ontario, nama kecilnya
adalah Frank Goldberg. Sewaktu kecil, ia diajak neneknya membangun
kota-kota kecil dari potongan-potongan kayu bekas.[1] Neneknya yang
bernama Caplan, sangat memengaruhi pembentukan pribadinya.
Kebiasaan neneknya sering diamatinya. Setiap hari Kamis, neneknya
memasukkan ikan emas hidup ke dalam bak mandi yang penuh berisi air
sebelum dimasak menjadi gefilte fish. Gerakan dan bentuk-bentuk ikan
sangat senang diperhatikannya, dan nantinya sering menjadi tema desain
yang dibuatnya.
Kehidupan pribadi
Pada tahun 1947, Frank pindah ke California, bekerja sebagai sopir truk
barang sambil kuliah di Los Angeles City College, dan akhirnya lulus dari
Sekolah Arsitektur Universitas Southern California
Setelah lulus pada tahun 1954, Frank tidak langsung bekerja di bidang
arsitektur, melainkan bekerja di sejumlah tempat yang tidak ada kaitannya
dengan arsitektur, termasuk menjadi anggota militer Amerika Serikat.
Frank sempat belajar tata kota di Harvard Graduate School of Design,
namun berhenti sebelum lulus. Setelah itu, Frank menikah dengan Anita
Snyder, dan mengganti namanya dari Frank Goldberg menjadi Frank
Gehry. Setelah bercerai dengan Snyder pada tahun 1960-an, Gehry
menikah dengan Berta, istrinya yang sekarang. Dari perkawinan
pertamanya, Gehry mendapat dua orang anak perempuan, sedangkan
dua orang anak laki-laki didapatnya dari perkawinan kedua.
Sebagai orang yang dibesarkan di Kanada, Gehry adalah penggemar
berat olahraga hoki hingga sampai mendirikan liga hoki di kantornya. Piala
Kejuaraan Dunia Hoki merupakan hasil desainnya pada tahun 2004.

Walt Disney Concert Hall Frank Gehry

Flickr Pengguna: RonG8888

Terletak di tepi Sungai Nervin di Bilbao, Spanyol, Museum Guggenheim

merupakan perpaduan dari kompleks, bentuk berputar-putar dan
materialitas menawan yang merespon program yang rumit dan konteks
perkotaan industri. Dengan lebih dari seratus pameran dan lebih dari
sepuluh juta pengunjung untuk pengakuan, Frank Gehry Guggenheim
Museum Bilbao tidak hanya mengubah cara arsitek dan orang-orang
berpikir tentang museum, tetapi juga mendorong perekonomian Bilbao
dengan keberhasilan yang sangat mengherankan . Bahkan, fenomena
transformasi kota berikut pembangunan sepotong signifikan arsitektur
sekarang disebut sebagai "Bilbao Effect." Dua puluh tahun pada, Museum
terus menantang asumsi tentang hubungan antara seni dan arsitektur saat
ini.
Pada tahun 1991, pemerintah Basque diusulkan ke Solomon R.
Guggenheim Foundation yang mendanai sebuah museum Guggenheim
yang akan dibangun di daerah pelabuhan bobrok Bilbao, setelah sumber
utama kota pendapatan. Tepat, museum menjadi bagian dari rencana
pembangunan kembali yang lebih besar yang dimaksudkan untuk
memperbaharui dan memodernisasi kota industri. Hampir segera setelah
pembukaan pada tahun 1997, Guggenheim Bilbao menjadi atraksi wisata
yang populer, menarik pengunjung dari seluruh dunia.
 Flickr Pengguna: EEPaul

Situs riverside di tepi utara pusat kota. Sebuah garis jalan dan kereta api
ke selatan, sungai ke utara, dan struktur beton jembatan Salve ke timur.
Membuat koneksi fisik yang nyata dengan kota, bangunan beredar dan
extrudes sekitar Jembatan Salve, menciptakan sungai promenade
melengkung, dan membentuk plaza publik baru yang murah hati di sisi
selatan dari situs di mana grid kota berakhir. Bangunan menyinggung
lanskap, seperti lorong sempit ke pintu masuk ruang utama mengingatkan
jurang, [2] atau melengkung jalan dan air fitur dalam menanggapi Sungai
Nervin.

Flickr Pengguna: dbaron

Meskipun bentuk logam eksterior terlihat hampir bunga dari atas, dari
tanah bangunan lebih mirip perahu, membangkitkan kehidupan industri
masa lalu dari pelabuhan Bilbao. Dibangun dari titanium, batu kapur, dan
kaca, kurva acak dari eksterior dirancang untuk menangkap cahaya dan
bereaksi terhadap matahari dan cuaca. Memperbaiki klip membuat penyok
pusat dangkal di setiap ubin titanium .38mm, membuat permukaan tampak
riak dalam cahaya berubah dan memberi permainan warna yang luar
biasa dengan komposisi keseluruhan.

Bookmark gambar ini!

Flickr Pengguna: Michael Jones 51

Karena kerumitan matematika mereka, kurva memutar dirancang

menggunakan perangkat lunak desain 3-D yang disebut CATIA, yang
memungkinkan untuk desain yang kompleks dan perhitungan yang tidak
akan mungkin terjadi beberapa tahun yang lalu. Pada dasarnya, perangkat
lunak mendigitalkan poin di tepi, permukaan, dan persimpangan dari
tangan-dibangun model Gehry untuk membangun model di layar yang
kemudian dapat dimanipulasi dengan cara kartun animasi.
Dinding bangunan dan langit-langit adalah beban, mengandung struktur
internal batang logam yang membentuk grid dengan segitiga. CATIA
dihitung jumlah bar yang diperlukan di setiap lokasi, serta posisi bar 'dan
orientasi. Selain struktur ini, dinding dan langit-langit memiliki beberapa
lapisan isolasi dan lapisan luar titanium. Setiap bagian eksklusif untuk
lokasi, ditentukan oleh software CATIA.

Flickr Pengguna: Viajar dosa Destino

Besar, penuh cahaya atrium berfungsi sebagai pusat penyelenggaraan

museum, mendistribusikan 11.000 meter persegi ruang pameran lebih
sembilan belas galeri. Sepuluh dari galeri ini mengikuti rencana orthogonal
klasik yang dapat diidentifikasi dari eksterior dengan selesai kapur. Sisa
sembilan galeri diidentifikasi dari luar dengan berputar-putar bentuk
organik dibalut titanium. Galeri terbesar lebar 30 meter dan panjang 130
meter dan rumah instalasi permanen yang disebut "The Matter of Time"
oleh Richard Serra.

Bookmark gambar ini!

Flickr Pengguna: Iker Merodio

Dampak sosial-ekonomi dari museum telah mengejutkan. Selama tiga

tahun pertama operasi, hampir 4 juta wisatawan mengunjungi museum
yang menghasilkan sekitar 500 juta keuntungan. Selain itu, pengunjung
uang yang dihabiskan untuk hotel, restoran, toko-toko dan transportasi
yang dikumpulkan lebih dari 100 juta dalam bentuk pajak, yang lebih dari
mengimbangi biaya gedung. Namun, janji "Bilbao Effect" juga memicu
ledakan bangunan di "pernyataan" arsitektur di seluruh dunia, salah satu
yang terbukti ceroboh di tengah krisis ekonomi baru-baru. Namun
demikian, tetap Museum struktur ikon terkenal kompleksitas dan bentuk.

Arsitek: Frank Gehry

Lokasi: Museum Guggenheim di Bilbao, Abandoibarra
Hiribidea, 2, 48009 Bilbo, Bizkaia, Spanyol
Proyek Tahun: 1997
Foto-foto: Flickr Pengguna: RonG8888, Flickr Pengguna:
dbaron, Flickr Pengguna: mimmyg, Flickr Pengguna: Viajar dosa
Destino, Flickr Pengguna: CINCINNATO, Flickr Pengguna: EEPaul,
Flickr Pengguna: Michael Jones 51, Flickr Pengguna: Iker Merodio,
Flickr Pengguna: Aris Gionis, Flickr Pengguna: jimcintosh, Gehry
Partners

Walt Disney Concert Hall merupakan salah satu bangunan Frank Owen
Gehry yang menampilkan arsitektur Expressionist. Skema awalnya
merupakan sebuah metamorfosis dari bunga mawar (bunga lokal) yang
tumbuh subur di sekitar kota Los Angeles. Bangunan ini didirikan dari
rangka baja sebagai struktur utama yang dilapisi oleh lembaran baja.
Frank Gehry banyak bermain dengan kayu, besi, corrugated wall selain
bentuknya yang sangat avant garde pada saat itu. Dia dijuluki sebagai the
wild man di dunia perancangan Amerika Serikat.
Bentuk bunga mawar tersebut berasal dari kecintaan kliennya, yaitu Lilian
Disney. Ia juga menghendaki sebuah Concert Hall yang terbaik sekaligus,
yang nantinya akan menjadi sebuah giant sculpture ikon kota Los
Angeles.
Aksonometri dan potongan
Frank Gehry adalah arsitek yang menggabungkan antara seni dan
arsitektur. Perkataannya yang diucapkan tahun 1995, I think the blurring
of the lines beetwen art and achitechture has got to happen, dapat
diketahui bahwa karya arsitekturnya berasal dari sebuah karya seni yang
direaliasikan dalam permodelan dengan teknologi komputer. Frank
memulai desainnya dengan sketsa-sketsa artistic.
Di dalam proses perancangan, Gehry juga banyak membuat study model
dari kertas. Dari sekian banyak proses pembuatan study model, ia mampu
memadukan keperluan ruang yang standard dari sebuah concert hall
(bentuk kotak-kotak) dengan semangat rancangannya yang sangat
dinamis. Dari perpaduan kedua hal tersebut, Gehry pun akhirnya dapat
memadukan kecintaan Lillian Disney terhadap bunga dan taman.
Hasil realisasi dari sketsa artistik Gehry. Bentuk yang ekspersionis
menggambarkan bunga mawar, serta sesuai dengan fungsinya yang
merupakan gedung konser Disney (musikseni).
Bangunan ini memiliki beberapa area, diantaranya adalah area penerima,
area utama dengan 3 concert hall, dan area servis. Dapat dilihat
perbedaan antara area konser dan servis, dimana bentuk denah area
konser ekspresif (mengikuti bentuk massa), dan denah area servis
berbentuk dasar segi empat.
Berdasarkan proses perancangan Gehry, tahap awal dimulai dengan
sketsa tangan yang direalisasikan dalam permodelan komputer yang
akhirnya dapat diukur dan dipetakan.

Gambar Suasana Interior Aula Konser yang megah dan memiliki orientasi
terpusat ke tengah. Langit-langit yang berbentuk seperti awan terbuat dari
kayu dibentuk untuk mencapai keintiman akustik.
Berdasarkan fungsi dan tujuan bangunan didirikan, Gehry membedakan
ketinggian plafon antar ruangan. Hal ini dikarenakan fungsinya sebagai
gedung konser yang membutuhkan ruangan yang tinggi dan kesan
megah, serta tujuannya sebagai ikon (Landmark) kota Los Angeles yang
diharapkan menonjol dari site di sekitarnya.
Namun pada massa samping, ketinggian ruangan hanya 1,5 3 kali
ketinggian manusia, karena fungsinya sebagai area servis dan kantor.
Bentuk massa pun merupakan bentuk dasar kubus. (fungsional efektif
dan efisien)
Lorong antar massa membuat manusia merasa kecil. Bangunan dilihat
dari mata manusia berkesan besar dan megah. Palfon tinggi mengecil di
atas berkesan megah.(dari kiri ke kanan)

Bangunan Disney Concert Hall ni bukanlah bangunan pertama kalinya

yang dedesain oleh Frank o Gehry. Namun bangunan ini sekali lagi
menjadi bukti bahwa model apapun atau ide apapun dapat di realisasikan
dengan baik. Contoh konsep bunga mawar yang sulit sekali bisa dinalar
oleh manusia menjadi sebuah tempat tinggal, Frank O Gehry mampu
membuktikannya. Konsep nya yang sangat berani membuat bangunan ini
memiliki atau menjadi ikon tersendiri dan diingat banyak orang. Kreasi-
kreasi seperti inilah yang dinantikan oleh arsitek-arsitek masa depan.

Dancing House (Tanc dm)

Frank Gehry 1996 , Situs Rumah Dancing Gehry ini awalnya diduduki
oleh gaya Neo-inthe rumahrenaisans dari akhir abad ke-19. Rumah
yang hancur selama pengeboman pada tahun 1945, tetap yang akhirnya
dihapus pada tahun 1960. Rumah tetangga (dengan globe kecil
di atap) adalah co-dimiliki oleh mantan presiden Ceko Vaclav Havel,yang
tinggal di sana dari masa kecilnya untilthe pertengahan 1990-an. Ia
memerintahkan studi arsitektur pertama dari Vlado Milunic (yang
telah terlibat dalampembangunan kembali apartemen Havel di
rumah tetangga). Setelah itu bank Belanda ING setuju untuk
membangun rumah di sana, dan meminta Milunic untuk
mengundang seorang arsitek terkenal di dunia. Milunic pertama
bertanya JeanNouvel, yang menolak undangan karena ukuran kecil dari
situs (491 meter persegi), ia kemudian bertanya Frank Gehry, siapa
dan ia menerima tantangan tersebut.Gehry memiliki anggaran hampir tak
terbatas, karena ING ingin menciptakan sebuah ikon di
Praha. Konstruksi dimulai pada 1994 dan selesai pada tahun 1996

Bangunan ini adalah contoh dari arsitektur deconstructivist, dengan

bentuk yang tidak biasa. Ini mencerminkan wanita dan pria (Ginger Rogers
dan Fred Astair)menari bersama-sama. Konstruksi dari 99 panel
beton masing-masing bentuk yang berbeda dan dimensi, masing-
masing sehingga membutuhkan bentuk kayu yang unik.

Bentuk yang tidak biasa dan solusi teknis menyebabkan debat

publik yang besar.Tahun Afterten emosi lebih, dan rumah memiliki
tempat modern Praha. Pada tahun 2005 Bank
Nasional Ceko mengeluarkan koin emas
dengan motifof Gedung Menari,sebagai koin terakhir dari
seri 10 Berabad-abad Arsitektur.
Gedung atau
Bangunan Dancing Dancing atau Jahe & Fred (Ceko: Tanc Dum)adalah
julukan yang diberikan kepada Nederlandenbuilding Nationale-di pusat
kota Praha, Republik Ceko pada Ranovo, nbe 80 120 00 Praha 2. Ini
dirancang oleh Kroasia-
Ceko architectVlado Miluni bekerjasama dengan Kanada-Amerika arsitek
Frank Gehry di sebidang tepi sungai kosong (di
mana bangunan sebelumnya
telahdihancurkan selama Pemboman Praha pada tahun 1945). Bangunan
ini dirancangpada tahun 1992 dan selesai pada tahun 1996. [1]

Windows of the Dancing House

Desain sangat non-tradisional kontroversial pada saat
itu. Presiden Ceko VclavHavel, yang tinggal selama puluhan tahun di
samping situs tersebut, telah mendukung, berharap bahwa bangunan akan
menjadi pusat kegiatan budaya.
Awalnya bernama Fred dan Ginger (setelah Fred Astaire dan
Ginger Rogers rumahmenyerupai sepasang penari) rumah berdiri di
antara, bangunan Gothic
danBaroque Nouveau Art yang terkenal Praha. Lain telah dijuluki
itu Rumah Drunk.
Di atap adalah restoran Prancis dengan pemandangan kota. Penyewa
lainbangunan termasuk beberapa perusahaan multinasional.

Ini mungkin terdengar gila bagi Anda - rumah yang tarian? Mustahil! Tapi
ini nyata!Terletak di sudut Rasinovo Nabrezi dan Resslova jalanan, di
samping Sungai Vltava.

Rumah Menari adalah julukan yang diberikan kepada sebuah

bangunan yang dirancang oleh arsitek kelahiran Kroasia-
Vlado Milunic Ceko dalam kerjasamadengan
arsitek Kanada Frank Gehry. Dibangun antara 1994-1996, Dancing House
adalah kontras yang sangat modern ke tempat-tempat bersejarah Praha.
Bangunan ini adalah contoh dari arsitektur deconstructivist, dengan
bentuk yang tidak biasa Anda benar-benar dapat melihat pasangan
wanita dan pria menaribersama-sama, memegang tangan
mereka, dengan rok yang bergoyang mengikuti musik. Kata-kata tidak
dapat menggambarkan hal itu. Kau harus melihatnya!
Bangunan ini juga disebut Jahe & Fred, mengacu pada Ginger Rogers
dan FredAstair tarian duo legendaris.
Situs ini awalnya diduduki oleh sebuah rumah dengan gaya Neo-
renaissance dari akhir abad ke-19. Bahwa rumah itu,
bagaimanapun, hancur selama pembomanpada tahun 1945, hanya
hilang Art Nouveau tetangga rumah Vaclav Havel tokohRevolusi
Velvet tahun 1989, presiden terakhir Cekoslowakia dan presiden pertama
Republik Ceko.

Dancing House berdiri di antara gedung Neo-Baroque Nouveau, Neo-

Gothic dan Artyang terkenal Praha. Yang sangat non-tradisional designnya
yang kontroversial pada waktu menyebabkan perdebatan publik
besar. Rumah ini digunakan sebagai gedung
perkantoran. Namun, Anda dapat mengunjungi restoran Prancis di
atap dengan pemandangan indah Sungai Vltavadan panorama Kastil
Praha.

ANALISA

Seperti yang kita lihat, bangunan ini sungguh luar biasa. Bangunan ini
memiliki struktur yang dinamis yang sungguh di luar nalar. Dari gambar di
atas saja kita dapat melihat seolah-olah bangunan ini dapat bengkok
seperti di dorong oleh jari, lekukannya yang pas menunjukkan kehebatan
dari bangunan ini. Dan yang terpenting dari bangunan ini ialah meski
strukturnya tampak meliuk-liuk dinamis namun struktur tersebut kuat dan
mampu menahan beban-beban di atas maupun di sampingnya. Jadi selain
ide bentukan, struktur juga memegang peranan penting bagi sebuah
desain.

Frank Gehry
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Frank Gehry

Frank Gehry in 2007

Born Frank Owen Goldberg
February 28, 1929 (age 86)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Nationalit Canadian, American
y
Alma mat University of Southern California
er
Occupati Architect
on
Awards AIA Gold Medal
National Medal of Arts
Order of Canada
Pritzker Prize
Praemium Imperiale
Website www.foga.com

Practice Gehry Partners, LLP

Buildings Guggenheim Museum Bilbao,
Walt Disney Concert Hall, Gehry
Residence, Louis Vuitton
Foundation, 8 Spruce Street,
Weisman Art Museum, Dancing
House, Art Gallery of Ontario,
EMP Museum, Cinmathque
franaise, Biomuseo, Ohr-
O'Keefe Museum Of Art
Frank Owen Gehry, CC (born Frank Owen Goldberg; 28 February
1929)[1] is a Canadian-born American architect, residing in Los
Angeles.
A number of his buildings, including his private residence, have
become world-renowned attractions. His works are cited as being
among the most important works of contemporary architecture in the
2010 World Architecture Survey, which led Vanity Fair to label him as
"the most important architect of our age".[2]
Gehry's best-known works include the titanium-clad Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao, Spain; Walt Disney Concert Hall in downtown Los
Angeles; Louis Vuitton Foundation in Paris, France; MIT Ray and
Maria Stata Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts; The Vontz Center
for Molecular Studies on the University of Cincinnati campus;
Experience Music Project in Seattle; New World Center in Miami
Beach; Weisman Art Museum in Minneapolis; Dancing House in
Prague; the Vitra Design Museum and the museum MARTa Herford
in Germany; the Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto; the Cinmathque
franaise in Paris; and 8 Spruce Street in New York City.
It was his private residence in Santa Monica, California, that jump-
started his career. Gehry is also the designer of the future National
Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 Early life
1.1 Education
2 Career
3 Architectural style
3.1 Bilbao Effect
3.2 Criticism
4 Other aspects of career
4.1 Academia
4.2 Cultural image
4.3 Exhibition and set design
4.4 Furniture, clothing, jewelry and sculpture design
4.5 Software development
4.6 Exhibitions of Gehry's work
5 Works
6 Awards and honors
7 Honorary doctorates
8 Personal life
9 See also
 10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links

Early life[edit]
Gehry was born Frank Owen Goldberg[1] on February 28, 1929, in
Toronto, Ontario, to parents Irwin and Thelma (ne Thelma Caplan)
Goldberg.[4] A creative child, he was encouraged by his grandmother,
with whom he would build little cities out of scraps of wood.[5] With
these scraps from her husband's hardware store, she entertained him
for hours, building imaginary houses and futuristic cities on the living
room floor.[4]
His use of corrugated steel, chain link fencing, unpainted plywood
and other utilitarian or "everyday" materials was partly inspired by
spending Saturday mornings at his grandfather's hardware store. He
would spend time drawing with his father, while his mother introduced
him to the world of art. "So the creative genes were there", Gehry
says. "But my father thought I was a dreamer, I wasn't gonna amount
to anything. It was my mother who thought I was just reticent to do
things. She would push me."[6]
He was given the Hebrew name "Ephraim" by his grandfather, but
only used it at his bar mitzvah.[1]
Education[edit]
In 1947, Gehry moved to California, got a job driving a delivery truck,
and studied at Los Angeles City College, eventually to graduate from
the University of Southern California's School of Architecture. During
that time, he became a member of Alpha Epsilon Pi.[7]
According to Gehry, "I was a truck driver in L.A., going to City
College, and I tried radio announcing, which I wasn't very good at. I
tried chemical engineering, which I wasn't very good at and didn't like,
and then I remembered. You know, somehow I just started wracking
my brain about, 'What do I like?' Where was I? What made me
excited? And I remembered art, that I loved going to museums and I
loved looking at paintings, loved listening to music. Those things
came from my mother, who took me to concerts and museums. I
remembered Grandma and the blocks, and just on a hunch, I tried
some architecture classes."[8] Gehry graduated at the top of his class
with a Bachelor of Architecture degree from USC in 1954.
After graduation from college, he spent time away from the field of
architecture in numerous other jobs, including service in the United
States Army. In the fall of 1956, he moved his family to Cambridge,
where he studied city planning at the Harvard Graduate School of
Design. He left before completing the program, disheartened and
underwhelmed. Gehry's left-wing ideas about socially responsible
architecture were under-realized,[clarification needed] and the final straw
occurred when he sat in on a discussion of one professor's "secret
project in progress"a palace that he was designing for right-wing
Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista (19011973).[4]
Career[edit]

Gehry Residence in Santa Monica, California

Gehry established his practice in Los Angeles in 1962, which
eventually became Gehry Partners in 2001.[9] Gehry's earliest
commissions were all in Southern California, where he designed a
number of innovative commercial structures such as Santa Monica
Place (1980) and residential buildings such as the eccentric Norton
House (1984) in Venice, California.[10]
Among these works, however, Gehry's most notable design may be
the renovation of his own Santa Monica residence.[11] Originally built in
1920 and purchased by Gehry in 1977, the house features a metallic
exterior wrapped around the original building that leaves many of the
original details visible.[12] Gehry still resides there today.
Other completed buildings designed by Gehry during the 1980s
include the Cabrillo Marine Aquarium (1981) in San Pedro and the Air
and Space exhibit building (1984) at the California Museum of
Science and Industry in Los Angeles.
In 1989, Gehry was awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize. The jury
cited Gehry as "Always open to experimentation, he has as well a
sureness and maturity that resists, in the same way that Picasso did,
being bound either by critical acceptance or his successes. His
buildings are juxtaposed collages of spaces and materials that make
users appreciative of both the theatre and the back-stage,
simultaneously revealed."[13]

Chiat/Day Building in Venice, California

Though Gehry continued to design other notable buildings in
California such as the Chiat/Day Building (1991) in Venice in
collaboration with Claes Oldenburg, which is well known for its
massive sculpture of binoculars, he also began to receive larger
national and international commissions. These include Gehry's first
European commission, the Vitra International Furniture Manufacturing
Facility and Design Museum in Germany completed in 1989. This
was soon followed by other major commissions including the
Frederick Weisman Museum of Art[14] (1993) in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, the Cinmathque Franaise[15] (1994) in Paris, France,
and the Dancing House[16] (1996) in Prague, Czech Republic.
In 1997, Gehry vaulted to a new level of international acclaim[2] when
the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao opened in Bilbao, Spain. Hailed by
New Yorker Magazine as a "masterpiece of the twentieth century"
and legendary architect Philip Johnson as "the greatest building of
our time",[17] the museum became famous for its striking yet
aesthetically pleasing design and the economic effect that it had on
the city.
 New World Center in Miami Beach, Florida
Since then, Gehry has regularly won major commissions and has
further established himself as one of the world's most notable
architects. His best received works include several concert halls for
classical music, such as the boisterous and curvaceous Walt Disney
Concert Hall (2003) in Downtown Los Angeles,[18] which has been the
centerpiece of the neighborhood's revitalization and has been labeled
by the LA Times as "the most effective answer to doubters,
naysayers, and grumbling critics an American architect has ever
produced",[19] the open-air Jay Pritzker Pavilion (2004) adjacent to
Millennium Park in Chicago,[20] and the understated New World Center
(2011) in Miami Beach, which the LA Times called "a piece of
architecture that dares you to underestimate it or write it off at first
glance."[21]
Other notable works include academic buildings such as the Stata
Center (2004)[22] at MIT and the Peter B. Lewis Library (2008) at
Princeton University,[23] museums such as the EMP Museum (2000) in
Seattle, Washington,[24] commercial buildings such as the IAC Building
(2007) in New York City,[25] and residential buildings such as Gehry's
first skyscraper, the Beekman Tower at 8 Spruce Street (2011)[26] in
New York City.
Several recent and ongoing major works by Gehry around the world
include the Dr Chau Chak Wing in the University of Technology,
Sydney, completed in 2014.[27] The Chau Chak Wing, with its 320,000
bricks in "sweeping lines" is described as "10 out of 10" on a scale of
difficulty.[28] An ongoing project is the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi on
Saadiyat Island in the United Arab Emirates.[29] Other significant
projects such as the Mirvish Towers in Toronto,[30] and a multi-decade
renovation of the Philadelphia Museum of Art are currently in the
design stage. In October 2013, Gehry was appointed joint architect
with Foster + Partners to design the "High Street" phase of the
development of Battersea Power Station in London, England, which
will represent Gehry's first project in London.[31]
However, in recent years, some of Gehry's more prominent designs
have failed to go forward. In addition to unrealized designs such as a
major Corcoran Art Gallery expansion in Washington, D.C., and a
new Guggenheim museum near the South Street Seaport in New
York City, Gehry was notoriously dropped by developer Bruce Ratner
from the Pacific Park redevelopment project and was also fired in
2014 as the designer of the World Trade Center Performing Arts
Center; both of these projects were in New York City.[32] That said,
some stalled projects have recently shown progress: after many
years and a dismissal, Gehry was recently reinstated as architect for
the Grand Avenue Project in Los Angeles and, though Gehry's
controversial[33][34] [35] design of the National Dwight D. Eisenhower
Memorial in Washington, D.C., has been subject to numerous delays
during the approval process with the United States Congress, the
project was finally approved in 2014 with a modified design.
In 2014, two significant, long-awaited museums designed by Gehry
opened: the Biomuseo,[36] a biodiversity museum in Panama City,
Panama, and the Fondation Louis Vuitton,[37][38][39] a modern art
museum in the Bois de Boulogne park in Paris, France, which
opened to some rave reviews.[40]
In February 2015 the new building for the University of Technology,
Sydney was officially opened, with a facade constructed from more
than 320,000 hand-placed bricks and glass slabs, and costing
$180 million. Gehry said he would "never again design a building
quite like the crumpled paper bag.[41]
In 2014, Gehry was commissioned by the L.A. River Revitalization
Corp., a nonprofit group founded by the city in 2009 to coordinate
river policy, to devise a wide-ranging new plan for the river.[42]
Architectural style[edit]
Weatherhead School of Management, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio

Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati

The tower at 8 Spruce Street in Lower Manhattan, completed in February 2011,

has a stainless steel and glass exterior and is 76 stories high.

The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain

Neuer Zollhof in Dsseldorf, Germany
Much of Gehry's work reflects a spirit of experimentation coupled with
a respect for the demands of professional practice. Gehry's work has
remained largely unaligned with broader stylistic tendencies or
movements. With his earliest educational influences rooted in
modernism, Gehry's work has sought to escape modernist stylistic
tropes while still remaining interested in some of its underlying
transformative agendas. Continually working between given
circumstances and unanticipated materializations, Gehry's style
works to disrupt expectations.
Gehry is sometimes associated with what is known as the "Los
Angeles School" or the "Santa Monica School" of architecture. The
appropriateness of this designation and the existence of such a
school, however, remains controversial due to the lack of a unifying
philosophy or theory. This designation stems from the Los Angeles
area's producing a group of the most influential postmodern
architects, including such notable Gehry contemporaries as Eric
Owen Moss and Pritzker Prize-winner Thom Mayne of Morphosis, as
well as the famous schools of architecture at the Southern California
Institute of Architecture (co founded by Mayne), UCLA, and USC
where Gehry is a member of the Board of Directors.
Gehrys style at times seems unfinished or even crude, but his work
is consistent with the California "funk" art movement in the 1960s and
early 1970s, which featured the use of inexpensive found objects and
non-traditional media such as clay to make serious art.[43] Gehry has
been called "the apostle of chain-link fencing and corrugated metal
siding".[44] However, a retrospective exhibit at New York's Whitney
Museum in 1988 revealed that he is also a sophisticated classical
artist, who knows European art history and contemporary sculpture
and painting.[43]

Dr Chau Chak Wing Building 2015
The Experience Music Project in Seattle
 Walt Disney Concert Hall

Dancing House in Prague

Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, Canada

Fish sculpture located in front of the Port Olmpic, in Barcelona,

Catalonia, Spain.
Gallery of African American Art, Ohr-O'Keefe Museum Of Art campus
located in Biloxi, Mississippi
Bilbao Effect[edit]
After the colossal success of Gehry's design for the Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao, Spain, critics began referring to the economic and
cultural revitalization of cities through iconic, innovative architecture
as the "Bilbao Effect".[45] In the first 12 months after the museum was
opened, an estimated $160 million were added to the Basque
economy. In subsequent years there have been many attempts to
replicate this effect through large-scale eye-catching architectural
commissions that have been both successful and unsuccessful, such
as Daniel Libeskind's expansion of the Denver Art Museum and
buildings by Gehry himself such as the almost universally well-
received Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles and the more
controversial EMP Museum in Seattle.[46] Though some link the
concept of the Bilbao Effect to the notion of starchitecture, Gehry has
consistently rejected the label of a starchitect.[47]
Criticism[edit]
Though much of Gehry's work has been well-received, reception of
Gehry's work is not always positive. Art historian Hal Foster reads
Gehry's architecture as, primarily, in the service of corporate
branding.[48] Criticism of his work includes complaints that the
buildings waste structural resources by creating functionless forms,
do not seem to belong in their surroundings and are apparently
designed without accounting for the local climate.[49]
Other aspects of career[edit]
Academia[edit]
In January 2011, Gehry joined the University of Southern California
(USC) faculty, as the Judge Widney Professor of Architecture.[50] He
has since continued in this role at his alma mater.
As of December 2013, Gehry has received over a dozen honorary
degrees from various universities (see #Honorary doctorates).
Cultural image[edit]
In 2004, he voiced himself on the children's TV show Arthur, where
he helped Arthur and his friends design a new treehouse.[51] Gehry
also voiced himself in the 2005 episode of The Simpsons called "The
Seven-Beer Snitch", in which he designs a concert hall for the
fictional city of Springfield. Gehry has since voiced that he regrets his
appearance since a joke about his design technique has led people
to misunderstand his architectural process.[52]
Though Gehry is often referred to as a "starchitect", Gehry has
repeatedly expressed his disdain for the term, insisting instead that
he is only an architect.[47][53] Steve Sample, President of the University
of Southern California, told Gehry that "...After George Lucas, you are
our most prominent graduate".
In 2006, filmmaker Sydney Pollack made a documentary about
Gehry's work called Sketches of Frank Gehry. The film, which
followed Gehry over the course of five years and painted a positive
portrait of his character, was well-received critically.[54]
In 2009, architecturally-inspired ice cream sandwich upstart Coolhaus
named a cookie and ice cream combination after Gehry. Dubbed the
"Frank Behry", it features Strawberries & Cream gelato and
snickerdoodle cookies.[55][56]
Gehry is also known for his sometimes cantankerous personality.
During a trip to Oviedo, Spain, to accept the prestigious Prince of
Asturias Award in October 2014, he received a significant amount of
attention, both positive and negative, for publicly flipping off a reporter
at a press conference who accused him of being a "showy"
architect.[57][58]
Exhibition and set design[edit]
Gehry has been involved in exhibition designs at the Los Angeles
County Museum of Art dating back to the 1960s. In 1965 Gehry
designed the exhibition display for the "Art Treasures of Japan"
exhibition at the LACMA. This was followed soon after by the
exhibition design for the "Assyrian Reliefs" show in 1966 and the
"Billy Al Bengston Retrospective" in 1968. The LACMA then had
Gehry design the installation for the "Treasures of Tutankhamen"
exhibition in 1978 followed by the "Avant-Garde in Russia 1910
1930" exhibition in 1980. The subsequent year Gehry designed the
exhibition for "Seventeen Artists in the 60's" at the LACMA followed
soon after by the "German Expressionist Sculpture Exhibition" in
1983. In 1991/92, Gehry designed the installation of the landmark
exhibition "Degenerate Art: The Fate of the Avant-Garde in Nazi
Germany", which opened at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art
and traveled to the Art Institute of Chicago, the Smithsonian
Institution in Washington and the Altes Museum in Berlin.[59][60] In 2014,
Gehry was asked to design an exhibition on the work of Alexander
Calder at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Resnick Pavilion,
again invited by the museum's curator Stephanie Barron.[61] The
exhibition began on November 24, 2013, and ran through July 27,
2014.
In addition to his long-standing involvement with exhibition design at
the LACMA, Gehry has also designed numerous exhibition
installations with other institutions. In 1998, "The Art of the
Motorcycle" exhibition opened at the Solomon R. Guggenheim
Museum with its installation designed by Gehry. This exhibition
subsequently traveled to the Field Museum of Natural History in
Chicago, the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao and the Guggenheim
Las Vegas.
In 2012 Gehry designed the set for the Los Angeles Philharmonic's
opera production of "Don Giovanni" held at the Walt Disney Concert
Hall.
In 2014, he also curated an exhibition of photography by his close
friend and businessman Peter Arnell that ran from March 5 through
April 1 at Milk Studios Gallery in Los Angeles.[62]
In April 2014 Gehry designed a set for an "exploration of the life and
career of Pierre Boulez" by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
performed in November 2014.[63]
Furniture, clothing, jewelry and sculpture design[edit]
In addition to architecture, Gehry has made a line of furniture, jewelry
for Tiffany & Co., various household items, sculptures, and even a
glass bottle for Wyborowa Vodka. His first line of furniture, produced
from 1969 to 1973, was called "Easy Edges", constructed out of
cardboard. Another line of furniture released in the spring of 1992 is
"Bentwood Furniture". Each piece is named after a different hockey
term. He was first introduced to making furniture in 1954 while
serving in the U.S. Army, where he designed furniture for the enlisted
soldiers.
In many of his designs, Gehry is inspired by fish. "It was by accident I
got into the fish image", claimed Gehry. One thing that sparked his
interest in fish was the fact that his colleagues are recreating Greek
temples. He said, "Three hundred million years before man was
fish....if you gotta go back, and you're insecure about going
forward...go back three hundred million years ago. Why are you
stopping at the Greeks? So I started drawing fish in my sketchbook,
and then I started to realize that there was something in it."[64]
As a result of his fascination, the first Fish Lamps were fabricated
between 1984 and 1986. They employed wire armatures molded into
fish shapes, onto which shards of plastic laminate ColorCore are
individually glued. Since the creation of the first lamp in 1984, the fish
has become a recurrent motif in Gehry's work, most notably in the
Fish Sculpture at La Vila Olmpica del Poblenou in Barcelona (1989
92) and Standing Glass Fish for the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden
(1986).[65]
Gehry has previously collaborated with luxury jewelry company
Tiffany & Co creating six distinct jewelry collections: the Orchid
collection, Fish collection, Torque collection, Equus collection, Axis
collection and Fold collection. In addition to jewelry, Gehry designed
other items including a distinctive collector's chess set as well as a
series of tableware items including vases, cups and bowls for the
company.[66]
In 2004, Gehry designed the idiosyncratic official trophy for the World
Cup of Hockey.[67]
In 2014, Gehry was one of the 6 "iconoclasts" selected by French
fashion house Louis Vuitton to design a piece using their iconic
monogram pattern as part of their CELEBRATING MONOGRAM
campaign.[68]
Software development[edit]
Gehry's firm was responsible for innovation in architectural
software.[69] His firm spun off another firm called Gehry Technologies
that was established in 2002. In 2005, Gehry Technologies began a
partnership with Dassault Systmes to bring innovations from the
aerospace and manufacturing world to AEC and developed Digital
Project software as well as GTeam software. In 2014, Gehry
Technologies was acquired by software company Trimble
Navigation.[70] Its client list includes Diller Scofidio + Renfro, Herzog &
de Meuron, Jean Nouvel, Coop Himmelb(l)au and Zaha Hadid.
Exhibitions of Gehry's work[edit]
In October 2014, the first major European exhibition of Gehry's work
debuted at the Centre Pompidou in Paris, France.[71] Other museums
or major galleries that have done exhibitions on Gehry's architecture
or design include the Leo Castelli Gallery in 1983 and the Walker Art
Institute in 1986 whose exhibition then traveled to the Toronto
Harborfront Museum, the Houston Museum of Contemporary Art, the
Atlanta High Museum, the LACMA and the Whitney Museum.
Subsequently, further museums that have done major exhibitions on
Gehry's work include the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Museum of
Modern Art in 1992, the Gagosian Gallery in 1984, 1992 and 1993,
the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2001, the Guggenheim
Bilbao in 2002, the Jewish Museum in Manhattan in 2010 and the
Milan Triennale first in 1988 and then in 2010 with an exhibition
entitled "Frank Gehry from 1997."
Gehry participated in the 1980 Venice Biennale's "La Strada
Novissima" installation. He also contributed to the 1985 Venice
Biennale with an installation and performance named "Il Corso del
Coltello" done in collaboration with Claes Oldenburg. His projects
were featured in the 1996 Venice Biennale. He subsequently
contributed to the 2008 Venice Biennale with an installation named
"Ungapatchket."
Works[edit]
Main article: List of works by Frank Gehry
Awards and honors[edit]
1987: Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Letters
1988: Elected into the National Academy of Design
1989: Pritzker Architecture Prize
1992: Praemium Imperiale
1994: The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize
1995: Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award
1998: National Medal of Arts[72]
1998: Gold Medal Award, Royal Architectural Institute of Canada
1999: AIA Gold Medal
2000: CooperHewitt National Design Award Lifetime
Achievement[73]
2002: Order of Canada[74]
2004: Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service
2006: Inductee, California Hall of Fame
2007: Henry C. Turner Prize for Innovation in Construction
Technology from the National Building Museum (on behalf of
Gehry Partners and Gehry Technologies)
2009: Order of Charlemagne
2012: Twenty-five Year Award, American Institute of Architects
2014: Prince of Asturias Award
2014: Commandeur of the Ordre National de la Lgion d'honneur,
France
2015: J. Paul Getty Medal
Gehry was elected to the College of Fellows of the American Institute
of Architects (AIA) in 1974, and he has received many national,
regional and local AIA awards. He is a Senior Fellow of the Design
Futures Council and serves on the steering committee of the Aga
Khan Award for Architecture.
Honorary doctorates[edit]
1987: California Institute of the Arts
1987: Rhode Island School of Design
1989: Otis College of Art and Design
1989: Technical University of Nova Scotia
1993: Occidental College
1995: Whittier College
1996: Southern California Institute of Architecture
1998: University of Toronto
2000: Harvard University
2000: University of Edinburgh
2000: University of Southern California
2000: Yale University
2002: City College of New York
2004: Art Institute of Chicago
2013: Case Western Reserve University
2013: Princeton University
2014: Juilliard School
Personal life[edit]
In 1952, Gehry (then Goldberg) married Anita Snyder. He changed
his name in 1956 to Frank O. Gehry at Snyder's suggestion, in part
because of the antisemitism he had experienced as a child and as an
undergraduate at USC.[citation needed] Gehry and Snyder divorced in 1966.
He married his current wife, Panamanian Berta Isabel Aguilera, in
1975. He has two daughters from his first marriage and two sons
from his second marriage.
Having grown up in Canada, Gehry is an avid fan of ice hockey.[citation
needed]
He began a hockey league in his office, FOG (which stands for
Frank Owen Gehry), though he no longer plays with them.[citation needed] In
2004, he designed the trophy for the World Cup of Hockey.[75] Gehry
holds dual citizenship in Canada and the United States. He lives in
Santa Monica, California, and continues to practice out of Los
Angeles.
Gehry is a member of the California Yacht Club in Marina Del Rey,
California, and enjoys sailing with his fiberglass-hulled yacht,
"Foggy."[76] Gehry also serves on the Leadership council of The New
York Stem Cell Foundation.[77]