LEMBAR PERHITUNGAN

Reaksi :
CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔ CH3CHOOCH3 + H2O
A+B↔C+D

1. Variabel 1 (Temperatur = 44°C)

𝜌 . 𝑉 . % . 1000 1,036 . 60,32 . 0.98 .1000
 𝐶𝐴𝑂 = = = 4,252 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐵𝑀 . 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 60 . 240
𝜌 . 𝑉 . % . 1000 0,775 . 172,1 . 0.98 .1000
 𝐶𝐵𝑂 = = = 17,019 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐵𝑀 . 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 32 . 240
𝐶 17,019
 𝑀 = 𝐶𝐵𝑂 = = 4,002
𝐴𝑂 4,252

(𝑉 . 𝑁) 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 − 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 . 𝑁𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠 0,44𝑉−(5 𝑥 0,25)

 𝐶𝐴 = = = 0.088𝑉 − 0,25
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 5

𝐶𝐴
 𝑋𝐴 = 1 − 𝐶𝐴𝑂

t (menit) V NaOH (mL) Ca (mol/L) Xa

0 38,80 3,164 0,256
10 12,90 0,885 0,792
20 9,20 0,560 0,868
30 7,90 0,445 0,895
40 7,70 0,428 0,899

 Perhitungan ∆H, ∆G, K328

Reaksi : CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔ CH3CHOOCH3 + H2O
Diketahui data ΔH°f standar :
∆H˚f CH3COOH = -484.500 J/mol

∆H˚f CH3OH = -238.660 J/mol

∆H˚f CH3COOCH3 = -445.890 J/mol

∆H˚f H2O = -285.830 J/mol

∆Hof298 = (∆Hof298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆Hof298 H2O) - (∆Hof298 CH3COOH +

∆Hof298 CH3OH)
∆Hof298 = (-445.890-285.830) – (-484.500-238.660)
∆Hof298 = -8560 J/mol

Diketahui data ΔG°f standar :

∆G˚f CH3COOH = -389.900 J/mol

∆G˚f CH3OH = -166.270 J/mol

∆G˚f CH3COOCH3 = -324.200 J/mol

 ∆G˚f H2O = - 237.129 J/mol

∆Gof298 = (∆Gof298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆Gof298 H2O) - (∆Gof298 CH3COOH +

∆Gof298 CH3OH)
∆Gof298 = (-324.200 - 237.129 ) – (-389.900 – 166.270)
∆Gof298 = -5159 J/mol

Dari persamaan Van’t Hoff :

ΔGof298 = -RT ln K
∆𝐺 298
ln K = − 𝑅𝑇
−5159
ln K = − 8,314 ×298

K = 8,0227

Harga K pada suhu 54oC (327K) dapat dihitung:

𝐾327 ∆𝐻 298 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − ′)
𝐾298 𝑅 𝑇 𝑇
𝐾327 (−8560) 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
𝐾298 8,314 327 298
𝐾328 (−8560) 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
8,0227 8,314 327 298
𝐾327
𝑙𝑛 = −0,3064
8,0227
K327 = 5,905

 Kesetimbangan saat t=40 menit

𝐶𝐶 ×𝐶𝐷 (𝑋𝐴 )2 0,8992
𝑄𝐶 = = (1−𝑋 = = 2,578
𝐶𝐴 ×𝐶𝐵 𝐴 )×(𝑀−𝑋𝐴 ) (1−0,899)×(4,002−0,899)

 Laju Reaksi
CA = CA0 - CA0.XA = CA0 (1-XA) = 4,252(1-XA)
CB = CB0 - CA0.XA = 17,019 – 4,252 XA
CC = CA0.XA = 4,252 XA
CD = CA0.XA = 4,252 XA
𝐾1
𝐾 = 𝐾2

−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 – 𝑘2. 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐷

−𝑑𝐶𝑎 𝐶𝐶 .𝐶𝐷
−𝑟𝐴 = = 𝑘1 (𝐶𝐴 . 𝐶𝐵 – )
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶𝐶 .𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 (𝐶𝐴 . 𝐶𝐵 – )
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 (𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 ).(𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 )

𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 (((𝐶𝐴𝑂 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝐶𝐴𝑂 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾
 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶 (𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 )2
𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 ((𝐶𝐴𝑂 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )). ( 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶 𝑋𝐴 2
𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 2 ((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝑋𝐴 ) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝑀 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

 Mencari nilai XA
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 ((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝑀 − 𝑋𝐴 ) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐴 𝑋 2
= 𝑘1 . 4,252 ((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (4,002 − 𝑋𝐴 ) – ( 5,905))
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1 . 4,252(0,8306𝑋𝐴 2 − 5,002𝑋𝐴 + 4,002)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1(3,531𝑋𝐴 2 − 21,26𝑋𝐴 + 17,016)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1 . 3,531(𝑋𝐴 2 − 6,02𝑋𝐴 + 4,819)
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑡
∫ = 𝑘1 ∫0 𝑑𝑡
3,531 0 (𝑋𝐴2 −6,02𝑋𝐴 +4,819)

Rumus abc
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑋𝐴 2 − 6,02𝑋𝐴 + 4,819) = 2𝑎

6,02±√6,0,22 −4×1×4,819
= 2×1
6,02±4,118
= 2

Sehingga didapat 𝑋1 = 5,069 dan 𝑋2 = 0,951

Maka (𝑋𝐴2 − 6,9𝑋𝐴 + 5,7) = (𝑋𝐴 − 5,069)(𝑋𝐴 − 0,951)

Integral Parsial
1 𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑡
∫ = 𝑘1 ∫0 𝑑𝑡
3,531 0 (𝑋𝐴2 −6,02𝑋𝐴 +4,819)

𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴
∫0 (𝑋𝐴2 −6,02+4,819)
= 3,531 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡

𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋 𝐴 𝑋 𝐵
∫0 = ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 + ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 = 3,531 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
(𝑋𝐴 −5,069)(𝑋𝐴 −0,951) 𝐴 −5,069 𝐴 −0,951

𝐴 𝐵 𝐴(𝑋𝐴 −0,951)+𝐵(𝑋𝐴 −5,069)

+𝑋 =
𝑋𝐴 −5,069 𝐴 −0,951 (𝑋𝐴 −0,951)(𝑋𝐴 −5,069)

𝐴(𝑋𝐴 − 0,951) + 𝐵(𝑋𝐴 − 5,069) = 1

 Substitusikan nilai 𝑋1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑋2 ke persamaan, sehingga didapat :
A =0,2428, B = −0,2428
𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋 0,2428 𝑋 −0,2428
∫0 = ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 + ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 = 3,531 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
(𝑋𝐴 −5,069)(𝑋𝐴 −0,951) 𝐴 −5,069 𝐴 −0,951

𝑋 𝑋
0,2428 [ln(𝑋𝐴 − 5,069)|0 𝐴 − ln(𝑋𝐴 − 0,951)|0 𝐴 ] = 3,531 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
((𝑋 −5,069)(−0,951))
𝑘1 . 𝑡 = 0,0687 ln ((𝑋𝐴−0,951)(−5,069))
𝐴

t (x) Xa y xy x2
0 0.256 0.0180 0.000 0
10 0.792 0.1111 1.111 100
20 0.868 0.1550 3.099 400
30 0.895 0.1816 5.447 900
40 0.899 0.1868 7.473 1600
Σx =100 Σy = 0.6524 Σxy = 17.131 Σx = 3000
2

𝑛𝛴𝑥𝑦 − 𝛴𝑥𝛴𝑦
𝑘1 = 𝑚 = = 4 𝑥 10−3
𝑛𝛴𝑥 2 − (𝛴𝑥)2
𝑘1 𝑘1 4,13 × 10−3
𝐾= → 𝑘2 = = = 6,9 × 10−4
𝑘2 𝐾 5,905

2. Variabel 2 (Temperatur 64°C)

𝜌 . 𝑉 . % . 1000 1,036 . 60,32 . 0.98 .1000
 𝐶𝐴𝑂 = = = 4,252 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐵𝑀 . 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 60 . 240
𝜌 . 𝑉 . % . 1000 0,775 . 172,1 . 0.98 .1000
 𝐶𝐵𝑂 = = = 17,019 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝐵𝑀 . 𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 32 . 240
𝐶 17,019
 𝑀 = 𝐶𝐵𝑂 = = 4,002
𝐴𝑂 4,252

(𝑉 . 𝑁) 𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 − 𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 . 𝑁𝑘𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠 0,44𝑉−(5 𝑥 0,25)

 𝐶𝐴 = = = 0.088𝑉 − 0,25
𝑉𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙 5

𝐶𝐴
 𝑋𝐴 = 1 −
𝐶𝐴𝑂

t (menit) V NaOH (mL) Ca (mol/L) Xa

0 38.8 3.164 0.256
10 10.8 0.700 0.835
20 8.6 0.507 0.881
30 7.8 0.436 0.897
40 7.3 0.392 0.908

 Perhitungan ∆H, ∆G, K328

Reaksi : CH3COOH + CH3OH ↔ CH3CHOOCH3 + H2O
Diketahui data ΔH°f standar :
∆H˚f CH3COOH = -484500 J/mol
 ∆H˚f CH3OH = -238660 J/mol

∆H˚f CH3COOCH3 = -445890 J/mol

∆H˚f H2O = -285830 J/mol

∆Hof298 = (∆Hof298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆Hof298 H2O) - (∆Hof298 CH3COOH +

∆Hof298 CH3OH)
∆Hof298 = (-445890-285830) – (-484500-238660)
∆Hof298 = -8560 J/mol

Diketahui data ΔG°f standar :

∆G˚f CH3COOH = -389900 J/mol

∆G˚f CH3OH = -166270 J/mol

∆G˚f CH3COOCH3 = -324200 J/mol

∆G˚f H2O = - 237129 J/mol

∆Gof298 = (∆Gof298 CH3COOCH3 + ∆Gof298 H2O) - (∆Gof298 CH3COOH +

∆Gof298 CH3OH)
∆Gof298 = (-324200-237129) – (-389900-166270)
∆Gof298 = -5159 J/mol

Dari persamaan Van’t Hoff :

ΔGof298 = -RT ln K
∆𝐺 298
ln K = − 𝑅𝑇
−5159
ln K = − 8,314 ×298

K = 8,0227

Harga K pada suhu 64oC (337K) dapat dihitung:

𝐾337 ∆𝐻 298 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − ′)
𝐾298 𝑅 𝑇 𝑇
𝐾337 (−8560) 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
𝐾298 8,314 337 298
𝐾337 (−8560) 1 1
𝑙𝑛 =− ( − )
8,0227 8,314 337 298
𝐾337
𝑙𝑛 = −0,3998
8,0227
K337 = 5,3788

 Kesetimbangan saat t=40 menit

𝐶𝐶 ×𝐶𝐷 (𝑋𝐴 )2 0,90772
𝑄𝐶 = = (1−𝑋 = = 2,896
𝐶𝐴 ×𝐶𝐵 𝐴 )×(𝑀−𝑋𝐴 ) (1−0,9077)×(4,002−0,9077)
 Laju Reaksi
CA = CA0 - CA0.XA = CA0 (1-XA) = 4,252(1-XA)
CB = CB0 - CA0.XA = 17,019 – 4,252 XA
CC = CA0.XA = 4,252 XA
CD = CA0.XA = 4,252 XA
𝐾1
𝐾 = 𝐾2

−𝑟𝐴 = 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴 𝐶𝐵 – 𝑘2. 𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐷

−𝑑𝐶𝑎 𝐶𝐶 .𝐶𝐷
−𝑟𝐴 = = 𝑘1 (𝐶𝐴 . 𝐶𝐵 – )
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶𝐶 .𝐶𝐷
𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 (𝐶𝐴 . 𝐶𝐵 – )
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 (𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 ).(𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 )

𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 (((𝐶𝐴𝑂 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝐶𝐴𝑂 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶 (𝐶𝐴𝑂 .𝑋𝐴 )2

𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1 ((𝐶𝐴𝑂 (1 − 𝑋𝐴 )). ( 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶 𝑋𝐴 2
𝐶𝐴𝑂 × = 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 2 ((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝐶𝐵𝑂 − 𝑋𝐴 ) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝐶𝐵𝑂 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). ( − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐶𝐴𝑂 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝑀 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

 Mencari nilai XA
𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1. 𝐶𝐴𝑂 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (𝑀 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – ( ))
𝑑𝑡 𝐾

𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋𝐴 2
= 𝑘1 . 4,252 (((1 − 𝑋𝐴 ). (4,002 − 𝑋𝐴 )) – )
𝑑𝑡 5,3788

𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1 . 4,252(0,814 𝑋𝐴 2 − 5,002 𝑋𝐴 + 4,002)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1(3,4611 𝑋𝐴 2 − 21,268 𝑋𝐴 + 17,016)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑋𝐴
= 𝑘1 . 3,4611(𝑋𝐴 2 − 6,144𝑋𝐴 + 4,916)
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑡
∫ = 𝑘1 ∫0 𝑑𝑡
3,4611 0 (𝑋𝐴2 − 6,144 𝑋𝐴 + 4,916)

Rumus abc
−𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐
(𝑋𝐴 2 − 6,144𝑋𝐴 + 4,916) = 2𝑎

6,144±√6,1442 −4×1×4,916
= 2×1
 6,144 ± 4,252
= 2

Sehingga didapat 𝑋1 = 5,198 dan 𝑋2 = 0,946

Maka (𝑋𝐴2 − 6,9𝑋𝐴 + 5,7) = (𝑋𝐴 − 5,198)(𝑋𝐴 − 0,946)

Integral Parsial
1 𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑡
∫ (𝑋𝐴2 − 6,144 𝑋𝐴 + 4,916)
= 𝑘1 ∫0 𝑑𝑡
3,4611 0

𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴
∫0 (𝑋𝐴2 − 6,144 𝑋𝐴 + 4,916)
= 3,4611 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡

𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋 𝐴 𝑋 𝐵
∫0 = ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 + ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 = 3,4611 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
(𝑋𝐴 −5,198)(𝑋𝐴 −0,946) 𝐴 − 5,198 𝐴 −0,946

𝐴 𝐵 𝐴(𝑋𝐴 − 0,946)+𝐵(𝑋𝐴 −5,198)

+𝑋 = (𝑋𝐴 − 0,946)(𝑋𝐴 −5,198)
𝑋𝐴 − 5,198 𝐴 − 0,946

𝐴(𝑋𝐴 − 0,946) + 𝐵(𝑋𝐴 − 5,198) = 1

Substitusikan nilai 𝑋1 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑋2 ke persamaan, sehingga didapat :
A = 0,2351 , B = −0,2351
𝑋𝐴 𝑑𝑋𝐴 𝑋 0,2351 𝑋 −0,2351
∫0 = ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 + ∫0 𝐴 𝑋 = 3,4611 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
(𝑋𝐴 −5,198)(𝑋𝐴 −0,946) 𝐴 −5,198 𝐴 −0,946

𝑋 𝑋
0,2351 [ln(𝑋𝐴 − 5,198)|0 𝐴 − ln(𝑋𝐴 − 0,946)|0 𝐴 ] = 3,4611 . 𝑘1 . 𝑡
((𝑋 −5,198)(−0,946))
𝑘1 . 𝑡 = 0,06792 ln ((𝑋𝐴−0,946)(−5,198))
𝐴

t (x) Xa y xy x2
0 0.256 0.0185 0.0000 0
10 0.835 0.1374 1.3735 100
20 0.881 0.1736 3.4710 400
30 0.897 0.1937 5.8113 900
40 0.908 0.2102 8.4089 1600
Σx = 100 Σy = 0.7333 Σxy = 19.065 Σx = 3000
2

𝑛𝛴𝑥𝑦 − 𝛴𝑥𝛴𝑦
𝑘1 = 𝑚 = = 4,4 × 10−3
𝑛𝛴𝑥 2 − (𝛴𝑥)2
𝑘1 𝑘1 4,4 × 10−3
𝐾= → 𝑘2 = = = 8,2 × 10−4
𝑘2 𝐾 5,3778