Volume 1 Nomor 2 , Desember 2012 ISSN 2301‐8224

 
 

JURNAL
 
 

TEKNIK MESIN
 
 

 
UNSYIAH
 

 
Simulative failure feature of the  Hasil SEM papan komposit SSK‐ Mekanisme aliran udara panas
 
impacted plate made of PC/ABS blend   PSpembesaran 100x  kedalam ruang pengering 

 
 
Jurnal  Banda Aceh, 
Volume  Nomor  Halaman  ISSN 
Teknik Mesin  Desember 
1  2  42‐90  2301‐8224 
Unsyiah  2012 
 
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN UNSYIAH
ISSN 2301-8224
Volume 1 Nomor 2, Desember 2012

DEWAN PENYUNTING

Ketua Penyunting
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ahmad Syuhada, M.Sc Universitas Syiah Kuala

Wakil Ketua Penyunting

Amir Zaki Mubarak, ST, M.Sc Universitas Syiah Kuala

Penyunting Pelaksana
Ir. Hamdani, MT Universitas Syiah Kuala
Sarwo Edhy S, ST, M.Eng Universitas Syiah Kuala
Irwansyah, ST, M.Eng Universitas Syiah Kuala

Penyunting Ahli
Prof. Dr. T.M. Indra Mahlia University of Malaya
Prof. Dr. Ir. Indra Nurhadi Institut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. Dr. Ir. Yatna Juwana Institut Teknologi Bandung
Dr. Abdurrochim Institut Teknologi Bandung
Prof. Dr. Ir. Khairil, MT Universitas Syiah Kuala
Prof. Dr. Ir. Husaini, MSc Universitas Syiah Kuala
Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng Universitas Syiah Kuala
Dr. Ir. M. Ridha, M.Eng Universitas Syiah Kuala

Tata Pelaksana Usaha

Ir. Razali Thaib, M.Si Universitas Syiah Kuala
Akram, ST Universitas Syiah Kuala
Ratna Sari, ST, MT Universitas Syiah Kuala

Alamat Penyunting
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA
Jln. Syech Abdul Rauf, No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, telp: 085276150888,
Website: http://www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JTM, email: mtm_unsyiah@yahoo.com

JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN UNSYIAH merupakan jurnal ilmiah ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi,
khususnya bidang Teknik Mesin, yang diterbitkan secara berkala dua kali tiap tahun oleh PROGRAM
STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK MESIN UNIVERSITAS SYIAH KUALA. Dewan Penyunting mengundang
para peneliti, praktisi dan profesional untuk berpartisipasi menyumbangkan artikel pada jurnal ini.
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN UNSYIAH
ISSN 2301-8224
Volume 1 Nomor 2, Desember 2012

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur kehadirat Allah swt, atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, Program Studi Magister
Teknik Mesin Universitas Syiah Kuala telah berhasil menerbitkan edisi kedua “JURNAL
TEKNIK MESIN UNSYIAH”. Pada edisi Desember 2012 ini terdapat delapan artikel dengan
konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda, diantaranya tentang rekayasa material, rekayasa termal dan
pengembangan teknologi tepat guna..

Dewan Penyunting memberikan penghargaan yang sebesar-besarnya kepada semua peneliti

yang telah berkontribusi mempublikasikan makalah pada jurnal ini. Kami juga mengundang
para peneliti lain untuk ikut berpartisipasi aktif mempublikasikan tulisan pada jurnal ini.
Hendaknya hadirnya jurnal ini menjadi motivasi bagi kita untuk menghasilkan artikel-artikel
yang berkualitas.

Harapan kami semoga artikel-artikel dalam jurnal ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua. Kami juga
berharap adanya kritikan dan saran dari pembaca sekalian demi penyempurnaan jurnal ini di
masa yang akan datang. Semoga jurnal ini berkembang menjadi lebih baik dan berkualitas.

Banda Aceh, Desember 2012

Dewan Penyunting
JURNAL TEKNIK MESIN UNSYIAH
ISSN 2301-8224
Volume 1 Nomor 2, Desember 2012

DAFTAR ISI

1. FEM Simulation of Polycarbonate Alloys-made Sheet under a Drop Weight

Impact Test: Deformation and Failure Performances
M. Nizar Machmud, Zahrul Fuadi .............................................................................. 42

2. Rekayasa Komposit Serat Sabut Kelapa Sebagai penguat dan Styrofoam Sebagai
Matriks
Hanif, Sulaiman Thalib, Samsul Rizal.......................................................................... 47

3. Kaji Eksperimental Dan Pemodelan Numerik Perpindahan Panas Pada Lemari

Penyimpan Darah Portable Dengan Memanfaatkan Efek Peltier
Ratna Sary, Amir Zaki Mubarak ................................................................................... 54

4. Sistem Penggerak Mesin Setengah Pengering (Tipe Vertikal)

Asbar R ........................................................................................................................... 58

5. Kaji Ekperimental Karakteristik Pengeringan Ikan Bandeng Pada Alat Pengering

Berbahan Bakar Gas
Muhammad Thaib Hasan, Ahmad Syuhada, Hamdani ................................................. 63

6. Low-Frequency Stick-Slip of a Creep Groan on a Simple Caliper-Slider

Experimental Model
Zahrul Fuadi................................................................................................................... 71

7. Optimasi Penyerapan Panas Memanfaatkan Energi Matahari pada Kolektor

M. Iqbal A.P., Ahmad Syuhada, Hamdani ..................................................................... 76

8. Karakterisasi Material Penyimpan Kalor Laten Menggunakan Metode T-History

Ully Muzakir, Hamdani, Ahmad Syuhada ...................................................................... 81

9. The Use of Finite Element Method in Analysing the Dynamic Characteristic of a

Rotor System
Amir Zaki Mubarak ........................................................................................................ 86

10. Karakteristik Alat Uji Sistem Pendorong pada Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
(AUV)
Muhammad Tadjuddin.................................................................................................... 90
Amir Zaki Mubarak, Jurnal Teknik Mesin Unsyiah, volume 1, nomor 2 (Desember 2012) ISSN 2301-8224

The Use of Finite Element Method in Analysing the Dynamic

Characteristic of a Rotor System

Amir Zaki Mubarak

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Syiah Kuala University
Jl. Tgk. Syech Abdurrauf, No. 7, Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111
E-mail: amir_zaki_mubarak@yahoo.com

Abstract

Vibration analysis is very essential to be considered in designing a rotor system. The failure in rotor system
parts can be avoided by understanding the dynamic characteristic. The objective of this research is to investigate
the dynamic characteristic of rotor systems by using finite element method. Finite element method is used to
reveal the system characteristic which is derived from the kinetic and potential energy equations. Some models
of rotor systems are analysed to understand the dynamic characteristic. The natural frequencies are obtained
from the eigen values. The simulation is carried out with the distance of disk from the support as the variable.
The result shows that the distance between the disk and the bearing affects the natural frequency of the system.

Keywords: dynamic characteristic, natural frequency, mode shape, finite element method.

Nomenclatures time. The use of computer which is facilitated by

many programming software lets the analysis to be
u = translation displacement vector in X direction simple and shortens the span of time in analysing it.
w = translation displacement vector in Y direction A computer program to analyse the dynamic
θ = rotation displacement vector in X direction characteristic of a rotor system by using finite
ψ = rotation displacement vector in Y direction element method has been developed [3], [4], [5]. The
TD = kinetic energy of disk objective of this research is to investigate further
md = mass of disk about the dynamic characteristic of rotor systems by
I dx = disk inertia moment in X direction using the computer program. The focus is to study
the effect of disk position relative to the bearing to
I dy = disk inertia moment in Y direction system natural frequency.
Ω = angular velocity
L = length of shaft 2. Input Parameter of the Plant
TS = kinetic energy of shaft
ρ = density There are several cases of rotor system to be
S = area of shaft cross-section analysed with a variation of disk position. In
I = inertia moment of area of shaft cross-section addition, the other variables are maintained to be
US = strain energy of shaft similar to get equivalent comparison.
E = Modulus of elasticity The data of the shaft is:
F0 = axial force 1. Density (ρp) = 7800 kg/m3

1. Introduction 2. Modulus elasticity (Ep) = 2 x 1011 N/m2

3. Length (Lp) = 0.4 m
The failure of a rotor system is mostly found at
the shaft which is caused by vibration. Vibration 4. Cross-sectional diameter (dp) = 0.02 m
analysis is very important to be considered in 5. Poisson’s ratio (v) = 0.3
designing a rotor system. A lot of studies have been
conducted related the application of rotor systems The data of the disk is:
[1], [2].
The failure of the system can be avoided by 1. Inner diameter (d1) = 0.02 m
knowing the dynamic characteristic. The dynamic 2. Outer diameter (d2) = 0.3 m
characteristic analysis involves carefulness and
accuracy to get the best result which requires more 3. Density (ρd) = 7800 kg/m3

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Amir Zaki Mubarak, Jurnal Teknik Mesin Unsyiah, volume 1, nomor 2 (Desember 2012) ISSN 2301-8224

3. Methodology Z

The equation of motion is derived based on

kinetic and potential energy in the system. The X
1

1
2
2
3

3
4
Y

system is modelled as a flexible shaft with a disk

attached on it, see figure 2.
Figure 2. Monorotor finite element model.

w
In case 2, the analysed systems are dual rotor
ψ systems. The disks are located closed to the bearing.
The analysis is carried out for two position of the
Ω disks which at 0.1 m and 0.13 m from the edges. The
result of this analysis is compared with the result of
case 1 which the disk is located at 0.2 m from the
edge. Figure 3 shows the sample of dual rotor model
Z in which the disks are located at 0.13 m and 0.27 m
u θ
from the edge.
Y Z
X

1 2 3 4 Y
Figure 1. Rotor model [5]. X 1 2 3

The kinetic energy, the potential energy of

Figure 3. Dual rotor finite element model.
the shaft and the kinetic energy of disk have been
briefly derived [6], [4]. Therefore, the equation of
In case 3, there are three disks located 0.1 m, 0.2
kinetic energy of the disk is:
m, and 0.3 m from the edge. Figure 4 shows the
model.
1 1 1
& 2 ) + I dx (θ& 2 + ψ& 2 ) + I dy Ω 2
m (u& 2 + w
TD = 2 d 2 2 (1)

The equation of kinetic energy of the rotor shaft is:

ρS L ρI L
Ts =
2 ∫ 0
(u& 2 + w
& 2 )dy +
2 ∫
0
& 2 + θ& 2 )dy + ρILΩ 2
(ψ

Figure 4. Finite element model of a rotor system with four disks.

(2)
The potential energy equation of the shaft is:

L ⎡⎛ ∂u
2⎤
L ⎡⎛ ∂ 2 u
2 2⎤ 2
EI ⎞ ⎛ ∂2w ⎞ F ⎞ ⎛ ∂w ⎞ 4. Results and Discussions
Us =
2 ∫
0
⎢⎜
⎜
⎟ +⎜ ⎟
⎢⎝ ∂y ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ ∂y 2 ⎟⎠
2
⎥ dy + 0
⎥ 2 ∫ 0
⎢⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎢⎝ ∂y ⎠ ⎝ ∂y ⎟⎠
⎥ dy
⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ (3)
This piece of writing explores the dynamic
characteristic of rotor systems by using computer
The equation of motion is derived from the
program. The program has been validated in previous
energy equations. By applying Lagrange’s equation,
papers [3], [4] and [5]. The program can be used to
the inertia and stiffness matrices are obtained that the
investigate the dynamic characteristic of rotor
dynamic characteristic can be resolved directly.
systems.
The analysis is conducted in three cases. In case
In case 1, there are ten data of natural frequency
1, the analysed system is a shaft with a disk attached
extracted from the program. There are five natural
to it. In this case the system is analysed by varying
frequencies with the thickness of disk of 0.03 m and
the disk position, which are 0.1 m, 0.13 m, 0.2 m,
five of thickness of 0.015 m. The result of case one is
0.27 m, and 0.3 m from the edge of the shaft. The
summarised in table 1. The result shows that the
thickness of the disk is also varied, which are 0.03 m
natural frequencies of rotor systems with less disk
and 0.015 m. Figure 2 shows the finite element
thickness (0.015 m) are higher than the frequencies
model for case 1 analysis with the disk position of
of thicker disk rotor systems. This result goes well
0.13 m from the edge.
with the statement of mubarak [5] that the bigger the
mass of disk the lower the natural frequency.

87
Amir Zaki Mubarak, Jurnal Teknik Mesin Unsyiah, volume 1, nomor 2 (Desember 2012) ISSN 2301-8224

Table 1. Natural Frequency result in case 1 thickness and the natural frequencies are higher when
Thickness Disk Natural the discs are closed to the supports.
No of Disk Position Frequency
(m) (m) (Hz) Table 2. Natural Frequency result in case 2
Thickness Position Position Natural
1 0.03 0.1 55.2246 No. of Disk of Disk 1 of Disk Frequency
2 0.03 0.13 46.8969 (m) (m) 2 (m) (Hz)

3 0.03 0.2 41.8487 1 0.015 0.1 0.3 58.2803

4 0.03 0.27 46.8969 2 0.015 0.13 0.27 48.3392
5 0.03 0.3 55.2246 3 0.03 0.1 0.3 41.7838
6 0.015 0.1 76.4186 4 0.03 0.13 0.27 34.5098
7 0.015 0.13 65.2289
Comparing table 2 with table 1 we can see that
8 0.015 0.2 58.3678 the natural frequency of a rotor system with two discs
9 0.015 0.27 65.2289 of 0.03 m thickness located closed to the supports
which is 41.7838 Hz is almost similar to the natural
10 0.015 0.3 76.4186 frequency of a rotor system with one disc of similar
thickness located in the middle of the shaft which is
The trend of the effect of disc position can be 41.8487 Hz. The result number 4 in table 2 also goes
clearly seen in figure 5. The natural frequencies of well with the statement that the natural frequency
the rotor system with disk thickness of 0.03 m are becomes lower when both discs position are rather
slightly higher than the one of thickness of 0.015 m far from the supports. Considering the result number
for the corresponding disc position. Additionally both 1 and 2 in table 2, it is obvious that the natural
line graphs show similar trend that the natural frequencies are higher when having two discs with
frequency is more likely to be lower when the disk is half of the thickness located closed to the supports.
located in the middle of the shaft while the shaft is In case 3 the system is a multi rotor system
simply supported at both its edge. Thus in designing consisting three discs with similar thickness of 0.01
a rotor system, it is advisable to consider the disc m. The result shows that the natural frequency is
position relative the bearing to maintain the natural 51.1977 which is higher than the result number three
frequencies not to be closed to the excitation in table 1 and 2, but lower than the result number one
frequencies. in table 2. This means that there are correlations
among the thickness of disk (mass of disk), number
90
of disk and the distance from the support and the
natural frequency.
80
Thus, it is reasonable to consider the best
Natural Frequency (Hz)

70 position of the disk, the thickness or the mass of the

60 disk in designing a rotor system. If it is necessary,
50 splitting the disk into two or three pieces can be an
option to get the best result.
40
30
20 5. Conclusion
10
0 There are correlations among the disk thickness
0.1 0.13 0.2 0.27 0.3 which is related to the mass, number of disk, the
Disk Position (m) distance relative to the support with the natural
Disk Thickness 0.03 m Disk Thickness 0.015 m
frequency.
The bigger is the mass of the disk, the lower the
Figure 5. Natural Frequency relative to the disc position
natural frequency.
The natural frequency of a rotor system is higher
The result of case 2 is summarised in table 2.
the closer the disk to the support.
Table 2 shows the natural frequencies of dual rotor In designing a rotor system, it is considerable to
systems. One of the rotor systems has both discs with have two or more discs close to the support rather
thickness of 0.015 m and another is with thickness of
than one which is far from the support. The decision
0.03 m. The table shows similar trends with case 1 in is taken based on the dynamic analysis of the system.
which the natural frequencies are lower for more disk

88
Amir Zaki Mubarak, Jurnal Teknik Mesin Unsyiah, volume 1, nomor 2 (Desember 2012) ISSN 2301-8224

References

[1] Thelen, RF, dkk, 2007, Testing of A 3 MW High

Speed Generator and Turbine Drive for A
Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion System, Proceedings
of GT2007, ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for
Land, Sea and Air, Montreal, Canada, 14-17
Mei.
[2] Murphy, BT, dkk, 2001, Rotordynamics design
and test results for a model scale compulsator
rotor, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol 37,
no 1.
[3] Mubarak, AZ, Balia, FN dan Akhyar, 2007,
Aplikasi Metode Elemen Hingga untuk
Menentukan Frekuensi Pribadi dan Modus Getar
Poros Rotor, Prosiding SNTTM VI, Banda Aceh.
[4] Mubarak, AZ, Juni 2012, Pengembangan
Algoritma untuk Menganalisis Frekuensi Pribadi
Poros dengan Rotor Ganda, Jurnal Teknik Mesin
Unsyiah, Vol. 1, No. 1.
[5] Mubarak, AZ, 2012, Algorithm Development to
Predict the Dynamic Characteristic of a Multi
Rotor System, Proceeding of the 2nd AIC, Banda
Aceh.
[6] Lelanne. M, dan Ferraris. G, 1990,
Rotordynamics Prediction in Engineering, John
Wiley and Sons, England,.

89