NERACA MASSA PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK TRIMETIL BORAT DARI ASAM

BORAT DAN METANOL

KAPASITAS 30.000 TON/TAHUN

Reaksi : H3BO3 + 3 CH3OH --------------- B(OCH3) + 3 H2O

Konversi : 70 %

Perbandingan mol : 1 mol : 3 mol

Umpan : H3BO3 = 99% impuritis 1%H2O

CH3OH = 99% impuritis 1%H2O

Reaksi :

H3BO3 + 3 CH3OH B(OCH3)3 + 3 H2O

Awal : 100 + 300 0 + 0

Reaksi : 70 + 210 70 + 210

Sisa : 30 + 90 70 + 210
REAKTOR
Komposisi Masuk Reaktor
Faktor pengali = kapasitas
Kapasitas basis
= 3787,878 kg/jam
7049 kg/jam
= 0,537327
H3BO3 masuk reaktor = 100 kmol/jam x 0,537327
= 53,7327 kmol/jam x 61.8 kg/kmol
= 3320,6866 kg/jam

1
H2O terkandung dalam H3BO3 = 3320,6866 kg/jam x 99 %

= 33,2068 kg/jam : 18 kg/kmol

= 1,8635 kmol/jam

CH3OH masuk reaktor = 300 kmol/jam x 0,537327

= 161,1983 kmol/jam x 32 kg/kmol
= 5158,348 kg/jam

1
H2O terkandung dalam CH3OH = 5158,348 kg/jam x 99 %

= 51,583 kg/jam : 18 kg/kmol

= 2,8947 kmol/jam

Katalis H2SO4 = 0.5% dari massa reaktan

Umpan masuk katalis dalam reaktor = 0.5% x (masaa CH3BO3 + massa CH3OH)
= 0.5% x (3320,6866 + 5158,348) kg/jam
= 42,40 kg/jam : 98 kg/kmol
= 0,4326 kmol/jam
Kemurnian H2SO4 :
H2SO4 = 98%
H2O = 2%
 Kadar H2O
Umpan H2O dalam H2SO4 = Kadar H2SO4x Massa H2SO4
2%
= 98 % x 42,40 kg/jam

= 0,8652 kg/jam : 18 kg/kmol

= 0,0480 kmol/jam

Total H2O umpan masuk reaktor
= Umpan H2O dalam H2SO4 + Umpan H2O dalam
CH3OH + Umpan H2O dalam H3BO3
= (0,8652 + 51,583 + 33,2068) kg/jam
= 86,5120 kg/jam : 18 kg/kmol
= 4,8062 kmol/jam

Tabel . Neraca massa masuk reaktor

Masuk
Komponen
Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam
H3BO3 53,7327 3320,6866
CH3OH 161,1983 5158,348
B(OCH3)3 - -
H2O 4,8062 86,5120
H2SO4 0,4326 42,40
Total 220,170 8607,9418

Komposisi keluar reaktor

Umpan H3BO3 keluar reaktor = H3BO3 masuk x (1-xA)
= 53,7327 kmol/jam x (1- 0,70)
= 16,1198 kmol/jam x 61.8 kg/kmol
= 996,2060 kg/jam

Umpan CH3OH keluar reaktor = CH3OH masuk - CH3OH bereaksi

= 161,1983-112,8388 kmol/jam
= 48,3595 kmol/jam x 32 kg/kmol
= 1547,5044 kg/jam

B(OCH3)3 terbentuk = H3BO3 masuk x konversi

 = 53,7327 kmol/jam x 0,70
= 37,6129 kmol/jam x 103.8 kg/kmol
= 3904,2247 kg/jam

H2O terbentuk = H3BO3 terbentuk x koefisien

= 37,6129 kmol/jam x 3
= 112,838kmol/jam x 18 kg/kgmol
= 2031,0995 kg/jam

Total H2O keluar reaktor = (4,8062 + 112,838) kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol

= 2117,6116 kg/jam
Tabel . Neraca Massa di Reaktor
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam
H3BO3 53,7327 3320,6866 16,1198 996,2060
CH3OH 161,1983 5158,348 48,3595 1547,5044
B(OCH3)3 - - 37,6130 3904,2247
H2O 4,8062 86,5120 117,6451 2117,6116

H2SO4 0,4326 42,40 0,4326 42,40

Total 220,170 8607,9418 220,1700 8607,9418

NETRALIZER
Reaksi yang terjadi di Netralizer:
Reaksi : H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO4 + 2 H2O
Komposisi masuk netralizer
Umpan H3BO3 masuk netralizer = CH3BO3 keluar reaktor
= 16,1198 kmol/jam

Umpan CH3OH masuk netralizer = CH3OH keluar reaktor

= 48,3595 kmol/jam

Umpan B(OCH3)3 masuk netralizer = B(OCH3)3 keluar reaktor

= 37,6130 kmol/jam
Umpan H2SO4 masuk netralizer = H2SO4 keluar reaktor
= 0,4326 kmol/jam

Asumsi Konversi : 100%

Kebutuhan NaOH reaksi I :
Reaksi : H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 CaSO 4 + 2H2O
Awal : 0,4326 + 0,4326 0 + 0
Bereaksi : 0,4326 + 0,4326 0,4326 + 0,8652
Sisa : 0 + 0 0,4326 + 0,8652

Ca(OH)2 yang dibutuhkan = 0,4326 kmol/jam x 74 kg/kmol

= 32,0126 kg/Jam
H2O yang terbentuk = 0,8652 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 15,5737 kg/jam
CaSO4 yang terbentuk = 0,4326 kmol/jam x 136 kg/kmol
= 58,8341 kg/jam

Kemurnian Ca(OH)2:
Ca(OH)2 = 5%
H2O = 95%
Kadar H2O
Umpan H2O dalam Ca(OH)2 = Kadar Ca(OH)2x Massa Ca(OH)2
95
= % x 32,0126 kg/jam
5

= 608,2409 kg/jam : 18 kg/kmol

= 33,7911 kmol/jam

Total H2O yang keluar Netralizer = H2O keluar reaktort + H2O Impuritis Ca(OH)2 +
H2O hasil reaksi Netralizer

= (117,6451+ 33,7911 + 0,8652) kmol/jam

= 152,3015 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol

= 2741,4263 kg/jam
 Tabel . Neraca Massa di Netralizer
Masuk Keluar
Komponen
Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam
H3BO3 16,1198 996,2059 16,1198 996,2059

CH3OH 48,3595 1547,5043 48,3595 1547,504362

H2O 151,4363 2725,8525 152,3015 2741,4263

H2SO4 0,4326 42,3952 0 0

B(OCH3)3 37,6130 3904,2246 37,6130 3904,2246

Ca(OH)2 0,4326 32,0127 0 0

CaSO4 0 0 0,4326 58,8341

Jumlah 254,3938 9248,1954 254,8264 9248,1954

CENTRIFUGE
Bertujuan untuk memisahkan padatan keluaran reaktor.

Tabel . Neraca massa masuk centrifuge

No Komponen BM Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam
1
H2O 18 152,3015 2741,4263
2 CH3OH 32 48,3595 1547,504362
3 B(OCH3)3 103.8 37,6130 3904,2246
4
H3BO3 61.8 16,1198 996,2059
5
CaSO4 136 0,4326 58,8341
Total 254,8264 9248,1954

Data kelarutan :
Asumsi : - Fase Cair terikut 2% ke arus bawah
- Semua padatan terpisah
Arus Bawah : H2O = 2741,4263 kg/jam x 2%
= 55 kg/jam
 CH3OH = 1547,5043 kg/jam x 2%
= 30,9500kg/jam
B(OCH3)3 = 3904,2246 kg/jam x 2%
= 78,0844 kg/jam
H3BO3 = 996,2059 kg/jam x 2%
= 19,9241 kg/jam
CaSO4 = 58,8341kg/jam

Arus Atas : H2O = 2741,4263 kg/jam - 55 kg/jam

= 2686,4263 kg/jam
CH3OH = 1547,5043 kg/jam – 30,9500 kg/jam
= 1516,05 kg/jam
B(OCH3)3 = 3904,2246 kg/jam – 78,0844 kg/jam
= 3826,14 kg/jam
H3BO3 = 996,2059 kg/jam – 19,9241 kg/jam
= 976 kg/jam

Tabel 8. neraca massa dekanter

Keluar

Komponen Masuk Arus Atas Arus Bawah

Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam Kmol/jam Kg/Jam Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam

152,3015 2741,4262 2686,42 3,0 55
H2O 149,3 63

CH3OH 48,3595 1547,5043 47,4 1517 0,9671 30,9500

B(OCH3)3 37,6130 3904,2246 36,8606 3826 0,7522 78,0844

H3BO3 16,1198 996,2059 15,7974 976 0,3223 19,9241

CaSO4 0,4326 58,8341 - - 0,4326 58,8341

Total 254,8264 9248,1954 249,3 9006 5,5 243

 MENARA DISTILASI
Tujuan: Memisahkan Air dan B(OCH3)3 keluaran hasil atas Dekanter

B(OCH3)3
CH3OH

B(OCH3)3 H2O

CH3OH MD H3BO3

H2O
H3BO3 (LK)
H2O 1%
H3BO3 (LK) 99%
Tabel 9. komposisi masuk MD
Komponen BM Kmol/jam Kg/Jam
B(OCH3)3 103.8 36,8606 3826

CH3OH 32 47,4 1517

H2O 18 149,3 2686,4263

H3BO3 61.8 15,7974 976

Jumlah 249,3 9006

Asumsi 1% produk distilat terikut ke bawah, kemurnian produk 99%

Arus Atas :
B(OCH3)3 = 3826 kg/jam x 0,99
= 3788 kg/jam
CH3OH = 3788 kg/jam x 0,01
= 37,88 kg/jam
Arus Bawah :
H2O = 2686,4263 kg/jam
H3BO3 = 976 kg/jam
B(OCH3)3 = 3826 kg/jam - 3788 kg/jam
= 38 kg/jam
CH3OH = 1517 - 37,88 kg/jam
= 1479,12 kg/jam
 Tabel 10.Neraca massa MD
Keluar
Komponen Masuk Distilat Bottom
Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam Kmol/JamKg/Jam Kmol/Jam Kg/Jam
B(OCH3)3 36,8606 3826 36,4921 3788 0,3686 38

CH3OH 47,4 1517 1,2 37,8788 46,2086 1478,6755

H2O 149,3 2686,4263 - - 149,2554 2687

H3BO3 15,7974 976 - - 29.106 1799

Jumlah 9006 37,6758 3826 211,630 5180