25/03/2019

Seminar & Workshop “Pekan Sumber Daya Manusia Jasa

Konstruksi”
Acknowledgments
(20-24 Maret 2019)

KEKUATAN GESER CLAY SHALE PADA PERMASALAHAN

STABILITAS LERENG

Dr. Ir. Idrus M. Alatas M.Sc (HATTI)

Content :

 Pendahuluan
 Bererapa Kejadian (Kegagalan) Pekerjaan Infrastruktur
 Pelapukan Pendahuluan
 Penentuan Kuat Geser
 Penurunan Kekuatan Geser
 Penentuan Kekuatan Geser Pada Saat Slope Sliding
 Kesimpulan
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Pendahuluan
 Batuan argillaceous adalah formasi batuan sedimen dari
endapan tanah liat atau dalam istilah lain disebut sebagai
batu lempung dan lebih khusus lagi dengan istilah shale clay.
 Dengan menambahkan kata "shale" yang menggambarkan
perilaku spesifik jenis batu lempung ini yang mudah lapuk. Ini
The Illustration of Weathering

karena kontak dengan atmosfer atau hidrosfer.
Selama proses pelapukan batuan argillaceous melalui proses
of Clay Shale
pengeringan dan siklus pengeringan pembasahan terdapat
perubahan dalam sifat fisik dan indeks dan mekanik, yang
akhirnya berubah dalam indeks dan parameter sifat fisik,
parameter mekanik

Weathering Process on Clay Shale Weathering Process on Clay Shale

Sadisun, 2008 Sadisun, 2008

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Weathering Process on Clay Shale Weathering Process on Clay Shale

Sadisun, 2008 Sadisun, 2008

Weathering Process on Clay Shale Weathering Process on Clay Shale

Sadisun, 2008 Sadisun, 2008

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Disintegration Ratio (DR) Clay Shale Mineralogy

SEMARANG -BAWEN

DR = 1,000 (Fresh Clay Shale/ initial DR << 1,000 (~0,00) (Fully Weathered
condition) Clay Shale / final condition)
HAMBALANG

SEM

Bererapa Kejadian (Kegagalan) Pekerjaan

Infrastruktur

HAMBALANG
SEMARANG-
BAWEN
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Bererapa Kejadian (Kegagalan)

Pekerjaan Infrastruktur

Bored Pile and Final Excavation

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Bored Pile and Final Excavation Ground Anchor

Road to Julang quarry (No.C1) and Roads to disposal areas No.4 ( 5 May 2009 )
Hambalang Project JATIGEDE DAM

Landslide
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Location of Clay Shale Area in Cipularang Toll Road Landslides at KM 92+400 Cipularang Toll Road

Cikampek
92+400
CLAY SHALE

Clay shale area

Bandung

SURAMADU BRIDGE
Slope Failure on Clayshale at km 92+400 SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR SURAMADU BRIDGE 2005-2006
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P46/ZK03

Clay

Sandy Soil Estimasi Daya Dukung Yang Sangat Bervariasi

Sandy Soil
Sandy Soil

Pile SZ1 Pile SZ2

(ton) (ton)
Geotechnical Investigator 8.700 7.900

COWI-Denmark 1.850 2.060

Clay Shale Clay Shale
China-Southeast Univ. 3.420 3.500

P46-ZK03 P47-ZK08

PANJANG PONDASI
CABLE STAYED BRIDGE

20 m 15 m
100 m 100 m
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Relative Lateral Displacement Pier

of Cisomang Bridge
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HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT AT TULIS CENTRAL JAVA

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Pelapukan Pada Clay Shale

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A. Semarang-Bawen Clay Shale B. Hambalang Clay Shale

Perubahan Grained Size Distribution Clay Shale Akibat Pelapukan Proses Pengeringan

Perbahan Grained Size Distribution Semarang Bawen Clay Shale Akibat Siklus
Pembasahan dan Pengeringan
1x Perendaman /8 hari 2x Perendalan /8 hari 3x Perendaman / 8 hari

Pelapukan clay
shale
Hambalang dan
Semarang
Bawen Akibat
Proses Siklus
Pembasahan –
Pengeringan
dengan 2 kali
pembahasan
dalam 1 minggu
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Perbahan Grained Size Distribution Hambalang Clay Shale Akibat Siklus

Pembasahan dan Pengeringan Perubahan Disintegration Ratio(DR)
1x Perendaman /8 hari 2x Perendalan /8 hari 3x Perendaman / 8 hari

DDDisintegration Ratio (DR)

DDDisintegration Ratio (DR)

SEMARANG-BAWEN HAMBALANG SEMARANG-BAWEN HAMBALANG

Drying Process 80 days Drying Process 80 days Wet-Drying Pr. 80 Days Wet-Drying Pr, 80 Days

Clay Shale Sampling

For Undisturbed Sampling
• Standard Rotary Core Drilling ( Dry Drilling), Low to medium speed, (shallow
medium to depth sampling).

Penentuan Kuat Geser Clay Shale

• Sampling using Double Core Barrel, Triple Core Barrel.

Test Pit
• Using High Speed Drilling Machine (Core drilling), Shallow sampling
• Sampling using modified core barrel (Split Single Core Barrel)
• Obtained lots of soil undisturbed samples (at the same depth, used in
research)
• Soil Samples are made directly in the field, protected cover sampling and
followed by testing in the laboratory (Triaxial Testing)
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Argillaceous Rock Sampling Comparison of standard sampling with the developed

methodology for taking argillaceous rock
Methodology Developed

Determination Residual Shear Strength of Clay

Shale at Laboratory with Triaxial Test Residual Strength
Without Stress Release

Residual Strength With

Stress Release

Penurunan Kekuatan Geser
Kekuatan Geser psf
Perubahan kekuatan geser
clay shale (Timothy et al., 1991)
25/03/2019
Parameter kuat geser clay shale yang disampaikan Penurunan kuat geser efektif
oleh Gartung 1986 terhapap tingkat pelapukan clay
shale (Emberhardt E, 2004)
Drying ; Wetting and Drying Process
Ruang Pengeringan
Perbedaan hasil single stage
test dan multistage test dari
direct shear test (Hormdee et Perendaman 5 menit
Pengeringan
al., 2012) Hingga 80 hari
Proses Pengeringan Proses Siklus Pembasahan dan Pengeringan
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Drying Room (Weathering by Drying

Process) Undisturbed Sampling

Three
dimension (3D)
of undisturbed
sample
volume
changes
device in
wetting-drying
process

800 Semarang-Bawen 800 Peak Stress (Cu)

Cohesion c , crp , crf (kN/m2)

Peak Stress (US-PTS)
WEATHERING BY DRYING 700 Resdidual Stress Without Stress Release (Curp)
700
Cohesion c, crp , crf Un.Sat. (kN/m2)

Residual Stress Without Stress Release (US-RTS) Residual Stress With Stress Release (Curf)
600
c = -97.05 DT + 700
Residual Stress With Sttress Release (US-RTS)
PROCESS 600

500
500
400 c = 640.31e-0.063 WD
400
c = -1.1102 DT + 311.08 300
crp = 292.90e-0.049 WD WEATHERING BY CYCLES WETTING
300
UNSATURATED CLAY SHALE
crf = 28.739e-0.052 WD
DRYING PROCESS. SEMARANG-
200
200 BAWEN CLAY SHALE
100
crp = -3.1275 DT + 277.35
100
crf = -0.1711 DT + 19.772 -
0 8 16 24 32 40
-
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 Wetting Drying Cycles Time, WD (Day)
Drying Time, DT (Hari) 80
700 Peak Stress (Ou)
Total Peak Stress (S-PTS)
70 Residual Stress Without Stress Release (Ourp)
Total Cohesion ct , crpt , crft Tepu

600 Total Residual Stress Without Stress Release S-RTS)

Internal Angle Friction f , frp, frf ()

Residual Stress With Stress Release (Ourf)

Total Residual With Stress Release (S-RTS) 60
500
50
400
SATURATED CLAY SHALE 40
f = -0.4211 WD + 60.531

300 ct = -2.2607 DT + 213.45

crpt = -2.0171 DT + 174.35 30 frp = -1.013 WD + 41.453
200 crft = -0.3098 DT + 29.309
20
(kN/m2)

100
10
frf = -0.5528 WD + 21.656
-
-
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
0 8 16 24 32 40
(a) Drying Time, DT (Day
Wetting Drying Cycles Time, WD (Day)
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Semarang - Bawen Clay Shale

Semarang - Bawen Clay Shale
Comparion of Cohession Saturated at Peak and Residual Effective Stress Vs Drying Time
Comparison of Internal Angle Friction of Saturated at Peak and Residual Efective Stress Vs Drying Time
700
80

S - PES
600 70

Effective Internal Angle Friction , Φu' (Degree)

S - RES (Without Stress Release)
Effective Cohession Undrained, Cu' (kN/m2)

S - RES (With Stress Release)

S - PES 60
500
S - RES (Without Stress Release)

S - RES (With Stress Release) 50

400

Φu' = -0.3042 DT + 40.11

40
300 Φurp' = -0.2031 DT + 26.365

Cu' = -2.2531 DT + 213.75 30 Φu'rf = -0.2287 DT + 22.78

Curp'= -2.0304 DT + 175.78

200
Curf' = -0.2028 DT + 23.967
20

100
10

- -
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104
Drying Times , DT (Days) Drying Times, DT (Days)

Effective Internal Angle Friction Degradation of Semarang-Bawen Saturated Clayshale Due To

Effective Cohession Degradation of Semarang-Bawen Saturated Clayshale Due To Weathering Weathering Drying Times (days)
Drying Times (days)

800

Unsaturated Semarang - Bawen Clay Shale

700 Comparison cohesion degradation between drying process and wetting-drying
process
600

Deg. Of Cu by Drying Process

Cohession Undrained (kN/m2)

500

400
Deg. Of Cu by Wetting-Drying Process
Penentuan Kekuatan Geser Pada
300 Saat Slope Sliding
200

100

-
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104
Drying Times, DT (Day)
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BACK ANALYSIS WITH FEM and LEM METHODS

SLOPE FAILURE ON CLAY SHALE IN SEMARANG BAWEN TOLL ROAD STA 19+250

80
Cur dan Our Pada LWL SF = 1.00 (Slice Metodes)

70
Cu dan Our Pada HWL SF = 1.00 (Slice Methodes)

60 Cu dan Our (Plaxis V-7)

Res. Cohesion cr kN/m2

50 D
ZONA ABCD

40

Safety Factor= 1.00

30
A
20
E
10
B C
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Res. Internal Angle Friction fr ()

100
Cr and Or on LWL SF = 1.00 (Slice Methodes)

KESIMPULAN
Cr and Or on HWL SF = 1.00 (Slice Methodes)
90 Cr & Or (Plaxis V-7)
Crp & Orp UnSat. (DP, 80 DAYS)
Crf & Orf UnSat. (DP; 32 Days and 48 Days)
80 Crp & Orp Sat. (DP , 80 Days)
Crf & Orf Tepu (DP , 48 Days)

Dari Kajian diatas, dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :

Residual Cohesion crp dan crf (kN/m2)

Crp' & Orp' Effective (DP, 80 days)

70
Crf' & Orf' Effective (DP ; 40 Days and 48 Days)
Crp & Orp UnSat. (WD)
60 Crf & Orf UnSat. (WD ; 8 Days and 16 Days)
Himawan A. 2013  Pengujian kekuatan geser dengan stress release pada clay shale sangat
Irsyam M. 2011 SF > 1
50 D tepat dilakukan untuk menentukan kekuatan geser residual saat
40 kelongsoran terjadi akibat pekerjaan galian
Safety Factor= 1.00  Dengan proses pengeringan, paling cepat memerlukan waktu selama 32
30 SF =
20
A
1 hari hingga 80 hari untuk memperoleh kekuatan geser residual yang
akurat (cukup lama)
10 SF < 1
 dengan proses pelapukan dengan siklus pembasahan dan pengeringan
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 dengan masa 8 hari hingga 16 hari sangat tepat dilakukan untuk
Residual Internal Angle Friction, frp dan frf () memperoleh kekuatan geser residual tersebut (relatif lebih cepat)
 25/03/2019

C and Ø SUMMARY
Pembasahan dan Pengeringan (8 Pengeringan (80 hari)
dan 16 hari)

% c pd interface % f pd interface % c pd interface % f pd interface

TERIMA KASIH
CASE yang digunakan yang digunakan yang digunakan yang digunakan
terhadap c terhadap f terhadap c terhadap f puncak
puncak puncak puncak

1 c = (31~49)% c f = (81~98)% f c = (17~31)% c f = (55~65)% f

2 crp = (21~28)% c frp = (32~45)% f crp = (3 ~ 4)% c frp = (15 ~ 16)% f

3 crf = (2 ~ 9)% c frf = (19~24)% f crf = (0~ 4)% c frf = (5 ~ 8)% f