HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN

PENGAMATAN PERALATAN SUCKER ROD PUMP (SRP) DI

LABORATORIUM PRODUKSI MENGGUNG PPSDM MIGAS CEPU

Disusun Oleh:

Silvestre António De Jesus Serrão

15.06.02.0004

Diajukan Guna Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar

Sarjana Teknik Pada Jurusan Teknik Perminyakan Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Dili (UNDIL)

Disetujui Oleh:

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

(Henio N. S. Amaral, L.Eng.) (Faustino Menezes, S.T.)

Mengetahui;
Ketua Jurusan Teknik Perminyakan

(Helio Menezes, S.T., M.T.)

2
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah
mencurahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
Penulisan laporan kerja praktek yang berjudul “Pengamatan Peralatan Sucker
Rod Pump (SRP) Di Laboratorium Produksi Menggung PPSDM Migas
Cepu” dengan lancar dan baik. Adapun maksud dan tujuan dari laporan ini untuk
memenuhi persyaratan kerja praktek guna melengkapi kurikulum di Jurusan
Teknik Perminyakan, di Universitas Díli (UNDIL), Timor-Leste.
Kerja praktek yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan teori
yang diperoleh di bangku kuliah ke dalam dunia industri dan mendapatkan
gambaran mengenai iklim dan suasana kerja di lingkungan industri. Selain itu
kerja praktek ini juga mendekatkan hubungan dunia perguruan tinggi dengan
dunia industri.
Selama melaksanakan kerja praktek lapangan di PPSDM MIGAS CEPU,
banyak bantuan dan bimbingan penulis dapatkan, sehingga pada kesempatan ini
penulis mengucapkan Terima Kasih kepada:
1. Tuhan yang Maha Kuasa yang telah memberikan banyak kenikmatan dan
kelancaran atas semuanya.
2. Bapak José Agustinho Da Costa Belo Perreira, S.H.,M.H., Selaku Rektor
Universitas Díli (UNDIL).
3. Bapak Agapito Manuel Fatima, S.T.,M.T, Selaku Ketua Dekan Fakultas
Teknik di Universitas Díli, (UNDIL).
4. Bapak Helio Menezes, S.T.,M.T., Selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Permin-
yakan di Universitas Dili, (UNDIL).
5. Bapak Henio N. S. Amaral, L.Eng, Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I.
6. Bapak Faustino Menezes, S.T, Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II.
7. Ayahku dan ibuku yang telah mengsuport saya sampai saat ini.
8. Teman-teman seperjuangan dan satu angkatan 2015 UNDIL.

3
 9. Dan semua pihak yang berpartisipasi yang tidak sempat penulis sebutkan
satu persatu yang telah membantu untuk menyelesaikan laporan kerja
praktek ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih terdapat kekurangan maupun
kesalahan baik dalam penulisan maupun dalam isi laporan, oleh karena itu saya
selaku penulis atau penyusun laporan ini mohon maaf kepada semua pihak, dan
penulis akan sangat berterima kasih atas kritik dan saran dari semua pihak untuk
menyempurnakan penulisan ini. Penulis berharap Laporan ini dapat bermanfaat
bagi pembaca.

Dili: ...... / ....... / 2019

Penulis

Silvestre António De Jesus Serrão

4
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................

i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN....................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR ..............................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR GAMBAR................................................................................................
viii
DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................
x
INTISARI..................................................................................................................
xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1...............................................................................................................................
Latar Belakang...........................................................................................................
1
1.2...............................................................................................................................
Maksud dan Tujuan....................................................................................................
2
1.2.1. Maksud Dari Kerja Praktek
...................................................................................................................
2
1.2.2. Tujuan Dari Kerja Praktek
...................................................................................................................
2

5
1.3...............................................................................................................................
Manfaat Dari Kerja Praktek.......................................................................................
2
1.4...............................................................................................................................
Ruang Lingkup Kerja Praktek....................................................................................
2
1.5...............................................................................................................................
Metodologi Penelitian................................................................................................
3
1.6...............................................................................................................................
Sistematik Penulisan..................................................................................................
3
BAB II TINJAUAN UMUM LAPANGAN
2.1...............................................................................................................................
Sejarah Perusahaan PPSDM Migas Cepu .................................................................
5
2.1.1. Periode Zaman Hindia Belanda ( Tahun 1886 - 1942 )
...................................................................................................................
5
2.1.2. Periode Zaman Jepang ( Tahun 1942 - 1945 )
...................................................................................................................
6
2.1.3. Periode Zaman Kemerdekaan (Tahun 1945)
...................................................................................................................
6
2.2...............................................................................................................................
Visi dan Misi PPSDM Migas Cepu............................................................................
9
2.2.1. Visi PPSDM Migas Cepu
...................................................................................................................
9
2.2.2. Misi PPSDM Migas Cepu

6
 ...................................................................................................................
9
2.3...............................................................................................................................
Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan PPSDM Migas Cepu...............................................
9
2.4...............................................................................................................................
Letak Geografis..........................................................................................................
11
BAB III DASAR TEORI
3.1...............................................................................................................................
Proses Umum Produksi..............................................................................................
12
3.2...............................................................................................................................
Metode Pengangkatan Fluida Produksi Dari Dasar Sumur (Lifting Methods)..........
12
3.2.1. Natural Flow (Sembur Alam)
...................................................................................................................
13
3.2.2. Pengangkatan Buatan (Artificial Lift)
...................................................................................................................
13
3.2.2.1........................................................................................................
Gas Lift (Sembur Buatan)
.......................................................................................................
13
3.2.2.2........................................................................................................
Pumping (Pompa)
.......................................................................................................
14
3.3...............................................................................................................................
Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)............................................................................................
16

7
3.3.1. Jenis Sucker Rod Pump (Beam Type Pumping Unit)
...................................................................................................................
17
3.3.1.1........................................................................................................
Macam-Macam Sucker Rod Pump (Beam Type Pumping Unit)
.......................................................................................................
17
3.3.2. Kelebihan Dan Kekurangan Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)
...................................................................................................................
24
3.3.2.1........................................................................................................
Kelebihan Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)
.......................................................................................................
24
3.3.2.2........................................................................................................
Kekurangan Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)
.......................................................................................................
24
3.3.3. Screening Criteria
...................................................................................................................
24
3.3.4. Peralatan Sucker Rod Pump (Sucker Rod Pump Equipment)
...................................................................................................................
23
3.3.4.1........................................................................................................
Peralatan Di Atas Permukaan (Surface Equipment)
.......................................................................................................
23
3.3.4.2........................................................................................................
Peralatan Di Bawah Permukaan (Subsurface Equipment)
.......................................................................................................
27
3.3.5. Mekanisme Kerja Pompa Sucker Rod (Pompa Angguk)

8
 ...................................................................................................................
31
3.3.6. Prosedur Operasi Pompa Sucker Rod
...................................................................................................................
33
3.3.6.1........................................................................................................
Prosedur Menghidupkan (Start)
.......................................................................................................
33
3.3.6.2........................................................................................................
Pemeriksaan rutin sehari-hari (Trouble shooting)
.......................................................................................................
34
3.3.7. Problem-Problem Pompa Sucker Rod
...................................................................................................................
34
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN
4.1...............................................................................................................................
Deskripsi Peralatan Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)............................................................
37
4.1.1. Deskripsi Peralatan Diatas Permukaan (Surface Equipment)
...................................................................................................................
37
4.1.1.1........................................................................................................
Prime Mover
.......................................................................................................
38
4.1.1.2........................................................................................................
V-Belt 39
4.1.1.3........................................................................................................
Gear Reducer
.......................................................................................................
39

9
4.1.1.4........................................................................................................
Brake (Rem)
.......................................................................................................
40
4.1.1.5........................................................................................................
Crank Arm
.......................................................................................................
40
4.1.1.6........................................................................................................
Counter Weight
.......................................................................................................
41
4.1.1.7........................................................................................................
Pitmen Arm
.......................................................................................................
41
4.1.1.8........................................................................................................
Sampson Post
.......................................................................................................
42
4.1.1.9........................................................................................................
Walking Beam
.......................................................................................................
43
4.1.1.10.Horse Head
...................................................................................................................
43
4.1.1.11.Bridle (Wire Linge Hanger)
...................................................................................................................
44
4.1.1.12.Carier Bar Atau Hanger
...................................................................................................................
44

10
 4.1.1.13.Stuffing Box
............................................................................................................
45
4.1.1.14.Polished Rod
............................................................................................................
46
4.1.1.15.Well Head
............................................................................................................
47
4.1.2. Deskripsi Peralatan Dibawah Permukaan (Subsurface Equipment)
...................................................................................................................
47
4.1.2.1........................................................................................................
Working Barrel
.......................................................................................................
48
4.1.2.2........................................................................................................
Plunger
.......................................................................................................
49
4.1.2.3........................................................................................................
Standing Valve
.......................................................................................................
51
4.1.2.4........................................................................................................
Traveling Valve
.......................................................................................................
52
4.1.2.5........................................................................................................
Tubing 52
4.1.2.6........................................................................................................
Sucker Rod

11
 .......................................................................................................
54
4.1.2.7........................................................................................................
Pony Rod
.......................................................................................................
55
4.1.2.8........................................................................................................
Gas Anchor
.......................................................................................................
56
4.1.2.9........................................................................................................
Mud Anchor
.......................................................................................................
57
4.2...............................................................................................................................
Prinsip Kerja Pompa Sucker Rod...............................................................................
57
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1...............................................................................................................................
Kesimpulan................................................................................................................
60
5.2...............................................................................................................................
Saran...........................................................................................................................
61

12
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1. Struktur Organisasi PPSDM Migas, (Pusdiklat Migas Cepu, 2005).....
10
Gambar 2.2. Peta Lokasi Lapangan Cepu, (PPSDM Migas Cepu, 2019)..................
11
Gambar 3.1. Sumur Gas Lift (Sembur Buatan), (Jones, D. L., 1973)........................
14
Gambar 3.2. Sumur Sucker Rod Pump, (Brown, K.E. 1980)....................................
14
Gambar 3.3. Sumur Electric Submersible Pump, (Bradley. 1980.)...........................
15
Gambar 3.4. Pompa Hidrolik (Hydraulic Pump), (Bradley. 1980.)...........................
15
Gambar 3.5. Pogressive Cavity Pump (PCP), (Bradley. 1980.).................................
15
Gambar 3.6. Standard atau Conventional Type (Brown, K.E. 1980).........................
18
Gambar 3.7. Mark II Unitorque Unit, (Brown, K.E. 1980).......................................
19
Gambar 3.8. Air Balance Unit, (Brown, K.E. 1980)..................................................
20
Gambar 3.9. Peralatan Di Atas Permukaan, (Brown, K.E. 1980)..............................
24
Gambar 3.10. Peralatan Di Bawah Permukaan, (Brown, K.E. 1980)........................
27
Gambar 3.11. Mekanisme Kerja Pompa Angguk, (Brown, K.E. 1980).....................
32
Gambar 4.1. Peralatan Diatas Permukaan , (Penyusun, 2018)...................................
38

13
Gambar 4.2. Prime Mover, (Penyusun, 2018)............................................................
38
Gambar 4.3. V-Belt, (Penyusun, 2018)......................................................................
39
Gambar 4.4. Gear Reducer, (Penyusun, 2018)...........................................................
39
Gambar 4.5. Brake (Rem), (Penyusun, 2018)............................................................
40
Gambar 4.6. Crank Arm, (Penyusun, 2018)...............................................................
40
Gambar 4.7. Counter Weight, (Penyusun, 2018).......................................................
41
Gambar 4.8. Pitmen Arm, (Penyusun, 2018).............................................................
42
Gambar 4.9. Sampson Post, (Penyusun, 2018)..........................................................
42
Gambar 4.10. Walking Beam, (Penyusun, 2018).......................................................
43
Gambar 4.11. Horse Head, (Penyusun, 2018)............................................................
43
Gambar 4.12. Bridle (Wire Linge Hanger), (Penyusun, 2018)..................................
44
Gambar 4.13. Carier Bar Atau Hanger, (Penyusun, 2018).........................................
45
Gambar 4.14. Stuffing Box, (Penyusun, 2018).........................................................
45
Gambar 4.15. Polished Rod, (Penyusun, 2018).........................................................
46
Gambar 4.16. Well Head, (Penyusun, 2018)..............................................................
47

14
Gambar 4.17. Komponen Peralatan Di Bawah Permukaan, (Penyusun, 2018).........
48
Gambar 4.18. Working barrel, (Penyusun, 2018).......................................................
48
Gambar 4.19. Plunger, (Penyusun, 2018)..................................................................
49
Gambar 4.20. Standing Valve (Penyusun, 2018).......................................................
51
Gambar 4.21. Traveling Valve, (Penyusun, 2018).....................................................
52
Gambar 4.22. Tubing (Penyusun, 2018) ...................................................................
53
Gambar 4.23. Sucker Rod, (Penyusun, 2018)............................................................
54
Gambar 4.24. Pony Rod, (Penyusun, 2018)...............................................................
55
Gambar 4.25. Gas Anchor, (Penyusun, 2018 )........................................................
56
Gambar 4.26. Mud Anchor, (Penyusun, 2018)...........................................................
57
Gambar 4.27. Mekanisme Kerja Pompa Sucker Rod, (Brown, K.E. 1980)...............
59

15
16
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1. Dalam Bilangan Angka Ataupun Hurup Menjelaskan Suatu Ukuran.......
29
Tabel 3.2. Klasifikasi Plunger....................................................................................
29
Tabel 3.3. Dimensi Polished Rod..............................................................................
30
Tabel 4.1. Specification Wellhead..............................................................................
47
Tabel 4.2. Data Plunger Pompa..................................................................................
50
Tabel 4.3. Specification SV-WE Standing Valve.......................................................
51
Tabel 4.4. Grade Tubing.............................................................................................
53
Tabel 4.5. Tubing........................................................................................................
54

17
 INTI SARI

Dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi juga mengalami

kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari banyaknya teknologi
canggih yang mulai bermunculan dalam dunia industri. Misalnya industri minyak
dan gas bumi padat akan modal, penuh akan resiko yang tinggi serta
menggunakan teknologi yang sangat tinggi, sehingga untuk menjalankan kegiatan
industrinya harus mendapatkan khusus. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu tenaga
kerja yang memiliki keahlian dan keterampilan nantinya akan mampu bekerja di
dunia perindustrian.
Di dalam teknik produksi adalah cara-cara untuk mengangkat fluida dari
dalam reservoir ke permukaan. Hal utama yang harus diperlihatkan didalam
memproduksi suatu sumur adalah “laju produksi”, dimana besarnya harga laju
produksi yang diperoleh dengan metode produksi tertentu harus merupakan laju
produksi optimum, baik ditinjau dari sumur itu sendiri maupun dari lapangan
secara keseluruhan.
Pada setiap sumur produksi selalu diharapkan minyak akan mengalir ke
permukaan dengan tenaga yang tersedia secara alami pada reservoir. Sejalan
dengan penurunan tekanan reservoir sampai pada satu titik dimana tenaga
reservoir yang tersedia akan berkurang, sehingga kemampuan untuk mengangkat
fluida kurang efisien. Oleh karena itu mulailah diterapkan metode-metode
Artificial Lift untuk mengangkat minyak ke permukaan, salah satu metode
Artificial Lift adalah Pompa Sucker Rod Pump (SRP).
Sucker rod pump atau pompa angguk merupakan salah satu metoda
pengangkatan buatan (artificial lift) yang telah secara meluas pada lapangan
minyak. Peralatan ini yang dapat memberikan gerakan turun naik (reciprocating
motion) kepada rod string yang dihubungkan ke positive displacement pump
dalam sumur minyak.
Kata kunci: Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) di Laboratorium Simulasi Produksi,
Lapangan EP Menggung PPSDM MIGAS CEPU.

18