Kimia Analitik II

Soal Latihan : Titrasi Asam – Basa

Titrasi Asam Kuat dan Basa Kuat

1. Buatlah kurva titrasi untuk 50 mL HCl 0,2 M dengan NaOH 0,1 M. Hitung dahulu pH
ketika dilakukan penambahan NaOH sebanyak :
(a) 0 mL
(b) 10 mL
(c) 50 mL
(d) 99 mL
(e) 100 mL
(f) 105 mL
(g) 110 mL
(h) 120 mL
(i) 140 mL
Penyelesaian :
(a) 0 mL NaOH 0,1 M
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀)−(0 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀)
= 50 𝑚𝐿+0 𝑚𝐿
10 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
=
50 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0,2 M
pH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝐻3 𝑂+ ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [2 × 10−1 ]
= 1 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 2
= 0,70
(b) 10 mL NaOH 0,1 M
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀)−(10 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀) 9 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= =
50 𝑚𝐿+10 𝑚𝐿 60 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0,15 M
pH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝐻3 𝑂+ ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [15 × 10−2 ]
= 2 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 15
= 0,87

(c) 50 mL NaOH 0,1 M

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀)−(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀) 5 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,05 M
50 𝑚𝐿+50 𝑚𝐿 100 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
pH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝐻3 𝑂+ ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [5 × 10−2 ]
= 2 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 5
= 1,30

(d) 99 mL NaOH 0,1 mL

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀)−(99 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀) 0,1 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,00067 M
50 𝑚𝐿+99 𝑚𝐿 149 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
pH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝐻3 𝑂+ ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [67 × 10−5 ]
= 5 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 67
= 3,17

(e) 100 mL NaOH 0,1 mL

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻3 𝑂+ ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀)−(100 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀) 0 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0M
50 𝑚𝐿+100 𝑚𝐿 150 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
Maka pada penambahan 100 mL NaOH, jumlah HCl saama dengan jumlah NaOH
dan titik ini disebut dengan titik ekuivalen.. pH larutan = 7 (netral)

(f) 105 mL NaOH 0.1 mL

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚
[𝑂𝐻 − ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(105 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀)−(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀) 0,5 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,0032 M
105 𝑚𝐿+100 𝑚𝐿 155 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙

pOH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝑂𝐻 − ]

= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [32 × 10−4 ]
= 4 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 32
= 2,49
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 2,49 = 11,50

(g) 110 mL NaOH 0,1 N

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚
[𝑂𝐻 − ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(110 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀)−(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀) 1 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,00625 M
110 𝑚𝐿+100 𝑚𝐿 160 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙

pOH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝑂𝐻 − ]

= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [625 × 10−5 ]
= 5 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 625
 = 2,2
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 2,2 = 11,796

(h) 120 mL NaOH 0,1 M

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚
[𝑂𝐻 − ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(120 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀)−(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀) 2 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,0117 M
120 𝑚𝐿+100 𝑚𝐿 170 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
pOH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝑂𝐻 − ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [117 × 10−4 ]
= 4 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 117
= 1,93
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 1,93 = 12,07

(i) 140 mL NaOH 0,1 M

𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚
[𝑂𝐻 − ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
(140 𝑚𝐿 ×0,1 𝑀)−(50 𝑚𝐿 ×0,2 𝑀) 4 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = = 0,021 M
140 𝑚𝐿+100 𝑚𝐿 190 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
pOH = −𝐿𝑜𝑔 [𝑂𝐻 − ]
= − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 [21 × 10−3 ]
= 3 − 𝐿𝑜𝑔 21
= 1,67
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 1,67 = 12,33
 Titarsi Asam Lemah dan Basa Kuat

2. Hitung pH titrasi dan buat kurva titrasi pada 25 mL Asam Lemah HA (pKa = 5,0) O,1 M
dengan NaOH 0,1 M pada penambahan NaOH sebanyak :
(a) 10 mL
(b) 25 mL
(c) 28,5 mL

Jawab :
(a) 10 mL NaOH 0,1 M
n HA = 25 mL x 0,1 M = 2,5 mmol
n NaOH = 10 mL x 0,1 M = 1 mmol
n HA – n NaOH = 2,5 mmol – 1 mmol = 1,5 mmol

maka
(j) 120 mL NaOH 0,1 M
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑎𝑠𝑎𝑚−𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝐻𝐴] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
1,5 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = 0,043 M
35 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑎
[𝑂𝐻 − ] =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑛
1 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
= = 0,029 M
35 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙

[𝐻𝐴]
[𝐻 + ] = 𝑘𝑎 (−𝑙𝑜𝑔 )
[𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻]
[0,043 𝑀]
= 10−5 (− log [0,029 𝑀])
= 10−5 (− log[1,483]
= 10−5 (10−17 M )
= 10−4,83
pH = - Log [H+] = - Log [10-4,83] = 4,83 – Log 1 = 4,83

(b) nNaOH = 25 mL x 0,1 M = 2,5 mmol

nNaOH = nHA = 2,5 mmol
𝑛 2,5 𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑙
[NaOH] = 𝑉𝑡 = = 0,05 M
50 𝑚𝑙
𝐾𝑤
[OH-] = √ 𝐾𝑎 𝑥 [𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚]

10−14
= √ 10−5 𝑥 [0,05]

= √10−9 𝑥 10−1
= √0,5 𝑥 10−10 = 0,7 x 10-5
 POH = - Log [OH-]
= - Log [0,7 x 10-5]
= 5 – Log 0,7
= 5 – ( -0,15 )
= 5,15
pH = 14 – 5,15
= 8,85

(c) NaOH 0,1 M = 28,5 mL

𝑛𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑎−𝑛𝐴𝑠𝑎𝑚 0,35
Cb = = 53,5 = 6,54 x 10−3
𝑉𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
POH = - Log [OH-]
= - Log [ 6,45 x 10-3 ]
= 3 – Log 6,54
= 3 – 0,82
= 2,18
pH = 14 – 2,18 = 11,82

[ H+] = √𝑘𝑎 𝑥 𝑀𝑎
= √10−5 𝑥 0,1 𝑁
= √10−5 𝑥 10−1 𝑀
= √10−6 𝑀
= 10-3 M
pH = - Log [H+]
= - Log [ 10-3 ]
= 3 – Log 1
=3–0
=3