Risiko Kredit
2. Risiko Likuiditas
3. Risiko Strategis,
Bank Indonesia meminta para pelaku usaha sektor riil dan perbankan
sama-sama
menerapkan praktek tata kelola perusahaan yang baik untuk mengurangi
risiko pemberian
kredit. BI sebagai pengawas perbankan telah memberikan contoh dengan
menjalankan good
corporate governance (GCG), apabila bank sudah menerapkan GCG tapi
sektor riil belum,
maka bank akan memiliki risiko yang semakin besar dalam pemberian
kredit. BI telah
memasukkan prinsip-prinsi GCG dalam regulasi sector perbankan yang
tercermin dalam
Peraturan Bank Indonesia (PBI) Nomor 8/4/2006 dan penyempurnaannya.
GCG begitu penting bagi perbankan karena diharapkan dapat
memperbaiki citra
perbankan yang sempat terpuruk, mengingat dalam GCG terkandung lima
prinsip yang
dianggap positif bagi pengelolaan sebuah perusahaan, yaitu:
1. Credit Risk
Defined as the ability of the debtor to pay principal, interest or other
necessary for the bank. This risk is managed with the approval of policies
and procedures which regulates the formation, guarantee, maintenance
and collection of credit, use make sure that the profile you retrieve
matches what is acceptable. Credit risk management methods (credit risk
mitigation) are techniques and policies to manage credit risk in order to
minimize the opportunities or effects of losses caused by non-performing
loans. Example:
1. Valuation model for individual loans (ranking model for single credit)
will give a picture of credit being bad or default (probability of
default) and will give confidence to the bank not to concentrate
credit on low quality credit (or in other words have a high probability
of default).
2. Credit portfolio management (credit portfolio management) Credit
portfolio management (LPM) is the process by which risks inherent
in the credit process are managed and controlled.
3. Securitization (securitization) is the process of packaging a portion
of a loan portfolio into an instrument of securities (securities), and
then selling the securities to investors. This is a technique that
banks can use from economic shocks. Securities allow banks to
reduce high levels of exposure to certain types of credit and get
funds from the sale of these loans.
4. Collateral (collateral) is an asset given by those entitled to be given
their debts, which will become the property of the bank in the event
of default (default or failure pay).
5. Cash flow monitoring. The condition of the company's cash flow can
be it can be seen from his account activities at the bank, so that
credit can deteriorate look. Rapid reaction to a worsening credit can
reduce risk credit.
6. Recovery management. Many banks realize that efficient
management of bad loans will be able to reduce losses a rise.
2. Liquidity Risk
Required risk because the bank fails to make payments to The fixed
maturity. Risks can originate from bank activities within credit sector,
provision of funds, and expenditure instruments.
3. Risk Strategies,
Bank Indonesia asks business actors in the real sector and banking
together apply good corporate governance practices to reduce the risk of
giving credit. BI as a banking supervisor has given an example by running
good corporate governance (GCG), if the bank has implemented GCG but
the real sector has not, then the bank will have a greater risk in granting
credit. BI has been incorporate the principles of GCG in the banking sector
regulations reflected in Bank Indonesia Regulation (PBI) Number 8/4/2006
and its improvements.bGCG is so important for banks because it is
expected to improve the imagebbanks that had collapsed, given the GCG
contained five principlesbconsidered positive for the management of a
company, namely: