PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH KULIT KERANG

HIJAU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI AGREGAT HALUS

TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON

Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Akademik
Dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana Teknik

Disusun Oleh :

DESY PUTRI SUSANTI

201310340311110

JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis ucapkan ke hadirat Allah SWT Tuhan semesta alam yang
melimpahkan segala rizki untuk hambaNya di seluruh alam. Memberikan rahmat serta
hidayahNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “PENGARUH
PENAMBAHAN LIMBAH KULIT KERANG HIJAU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI
AGREGAT HALUS TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON” Shalawat dan salam tak lupa
dihaturkan kepada junjungan besar Nabi Muhammad SAW.

Skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan berkat adanya bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang
berupa petunjuk, bimbingan, pengarahan, dukungan moril, maupun fasilitas. Oleh karena
itu, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada:

1. Orang tua dan Kakak serta semua saudara dan keluarga yang telah memberikan
dukungan tanpa henti.
2. Ibu Ir. Rofikatul Karimah, MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil UMM dan
sekaligus Dosen Pembimbing I
3. Bapak Ir. Yunan Rusdianto, Dosen Pembimbing II
4. Seluruh Staf Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Staf Laboratorium Sipil dan staf Fakultas Teknik.
5. Seluruh teman – teman yang telah membantu.

Akhir kata kami mengharapkan kritik dan saran demi kesempurnaan tugas akhir ini
dan semoga tugas akhir ini membawa manfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan
dibidang ketekniksipilan.

Malang, 17 Oktober 2017

Penulis
 DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..........................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................ i
SURAT PERNYATAAN.............................................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. iii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN. ..................................................................................... iv
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................................. v
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR TABEL. ........................................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 LatarBelakang........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 RumusanMasalah ..................................................................................................... 2
1.3 TujuanPenelitian ....................................................................................................... 2
1.4 BatasanMasalah ........................................................................................................ 2
1.5 ManfaatPenelitian ..................................................................................................... 3
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSATAKA
2.1 PenelitianTerdahulu .................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Pengertian Beton ...................................................................................................... 5
2.3 Bahan Penyususn Beton ........................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Semen .............................................................................................................. 6
2.3.2 Agregat ............................................................................................................ 9
2.3.3 Air ................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 Jeni – Jenis Beton ..................................................................................................... 19
2.5 Sifat – Sifat Beton .................................................................................................... 20
2.5.1 Kemudahan Pengerjaan ................................................................................... 20
2.5.2 Segresation ...................................................................................................... 21
2.5.3 Bleending ......................................................................................................... 22
2.6 Kerang Hijau ............................................................................................................ 23
 2.6.1 Pengertian Kerang Hijau .............................................................................. 23
2.6.2 Kulit Kerang Hijau ....................................................................................... 24
2.7 Perencanaan Campuran Beton .................................................................................. 25
2.7.1 Persyaratan Kerja .......................................................................................... 25
2.7.2 Faktor – faktor yang menentukan campuran beton ...................................... 26
2.8 Metode Perancangan Proporsi Campuran ................................................................ 27
2.9 Karakteristik Beton ................................................................................................... 28
2.9.1 Densitas ........................................................................................................ 28
2.9.2 Kuat Tekan .................................................................................................. 31
2.9.3 Absorbsi ........................................................................................................ 32
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
3.1 Lokasi Penelitian ...................................................................................................... 34
3.2 RancanganPenelitian ................................................................................................ 34
3.2.1 Benda Uji ......................................................................................................... 34
3.2.2 Rancangan Benda Uji ...................................................................................... 35
3.3 Alur Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 35
3.4 Bahan Penelitian ....................................................................................................... 36
3.5 Alat Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 36
3.6 Jalannya Penelitian ................................................................................................... 39
3.6.1 Pemeriksaan Bahan Penyusun Beton .................................................................... 40
3.7 Perhitungan Mix Design ........................................................................................... 45
3.8 Pembuatan Benda Uji ............................................................................................... 50
3.8.1 Tahap Pengadukan ......................................................................................... 50
3.8.2 Tahap Pencetakan ........................................................................................... 51
3.8.3 Tahap Perwatan .............................................................................................. 51
3.9 Metode Pengujian ..................................................................................................... 51
3.9.1 Pengujian Densitas ......................................................................................... 51
3.9.2 Pengujian Uji Kuat Tekan ............................................................................. 52
3.9.3 Pengujian Absorbsi ......................................................................................... 52
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1 Analisa dan Hasil Pengujian Bahan Penyusun Beton .............................................. 53
4.1.1 Semen Portland ............................................................................................... 53
4.1.2 Agregat Halus ........................................................................................................ 53
4.1.3 Agregat Kasar ........................................................................................................ 55
4.2 Analisa dan Hasil Pengujian Benda Uji Beton ......................................................... 56
4.2.1 Uji Densitas .......................................................................................................... 56
4.2.2 Uji Kuat Tekan ..................................................................................................... 58
4.2.3 Uji Absorbsi........................................................................................................... 60
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................................... 64
DAFTAR PUSATAKA
LAMPIRAN
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Susunan unsur semen ................................................................................... 7

Tabel 2.2 Gradasi agregat halus ................................................................................... 12
Tabel 2.3 Gradasi agregat kasar ................................................................................... 14
Tabel 2.4 Senyawa Kimia Kulit Kerang Hijau ............................................................. 25
Tabel 2.5 Kumpulan Nilai Densitas Beton ..................................................................... 29
Tabel 2.6 Kelas dan Mutu Beton .................................................................................... 32
Tabel 3.1 Rancangan Benda Uji ........................................................................................ 35
Tabel 3.2 Kebutuhan material satu adukan .................................................................... 50
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pemeriksaan Agregat Halus .................................................................. 54
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pemeriksaan Agregat Kasar .................................................................. 55
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Densitas Beton ...................................................................................... 56
Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Kuat Tekan ...................................................................................... 58
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Absorbsi Beton ...................................................................................... 60
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Kulit Kerang Hijau ............................................................................... 24

Gsmbar 3.1 Benda Uji Silinder ................................................................................ 34
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Hubungab Densitas Beton dengan Persen Campuran Kulit Kerang
Hijau .................................................................................................... 57
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Hubungan Kuat Tekan Beton dengan Persen Campuran Kulit
Kerang Hijau ........................................................................................ 59
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Hubungan Absorbsi Beton dengan Persen Campuran Kulit Kerang
Hijau .................................................................................................... 61
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
ASTM C 188 “Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement”
ASTM C 128-68 “Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate”
ASTM C 136-46 “Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates”
ASTM C 131 “Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse
Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine”

STM C 138 “Standard Test for density (unit weight),yield, and air content (gravimetric)
of concret”.

Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Peraturan SNI (SNI 03-1974-1990), Metode Pengujian

Kuat Tekan Beton

Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, Peraturan SNI (SNI S–36–1990–03), Pengujian Kekedapan

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