A.

Pengertian Tenses

Tenses merupakan bentuk – bentuk waktu dalam Bahasa Inggris yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan
memperlancar “speaking” dengan baik dan benar.

B. Pengelompokan Tenses

Ada 16 Tenses yang dapat di kelompokan menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu :

1. Present Tense
a. Simple Present
b. Present progressive
c. Present Perfect
d. Present Perfect Progressive
2. Past Tense
a. Simple Past
b. Past Progressive
c. Past Perfect
d. Past Perfect Progressive
3. Future tense
a. Simple Future
b. Future Progressive
c. Future Perfect
d. Future Perfect Progressive
4. Past Future Tense
a. Simple past Future
b. Past Future Progressive
c. Past Future Perfect
d. Past Future Perfect Progressive
 1. a. Simple Present Tense
 Bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang terjadi saat ini
Contoh : I take headache medicine
 Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang biasa terjadi (habitual action)
Contoh : Nurses look after patients in hospital everyday
 Menyatakan kebenaran umum
Contoh : water consist of hydrogen and oxygen

Formula verbal sentence :

(+) subject + verb 1 (s/es) + object => he goes to Surabaya every month

(-) subject + do / does + not + verb 1 + object => he does not go to Surabaya every month

(?) do / does + subject + verb 1+ object => does he go to Surabaya every month ?

Formula non verbal sentence :

(+) subject + is/am/are + complement => I am a nurse in a big hospital

(-) subject + is/am/are + not + complement => I am not a nurse in a big hospital

(?) is/am/are + subject + complement => am I a nurse in a big hospital ?

1. b. Present Progressive Tense

 Mengekspresikan kativitas yang sedang terjadi
Contoh : My father is reading news paper
 Mengekspresikan sesuatu yang akan / tidak terjadi di waktu dekat
Contoh : I am meeting my old friend after work
 Terkadang di gunakan untuk mengatakan sebuah proses dari aktivitas yang sedang
berlangsung / dilakukan
Contoh : I am studying to become a teacher
 Mengekspresikan sesuatu yang menjengkelkan yang terjadi berulang kali
Contoh : She is always coming late to class

Formula :

(+) Subject + is/am/are + Verb – ing + Object => I am watching TV now

(-) Subject + is/am/are + not +Verb – ing + Object => I am not watching TV now
(?) is/am/are + Subject + Verb – ing + Object => Am I watching TV now ?

1. c. Present Perfect Tense

 menyatakan suatu pengalaman
 menyatakan suatu perubahan / informasi terbaru
 menyatakan suatu situasi yang berkelanjutan

Formula Verbal Sentence

(+) Subject + Have / Has + Verb 3 + Object => Budi has read the book

(-) Subject + Have / Has + not +Verb 3 + Object => Budi has not read the book

(?)Have / Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object => Has Budi read the book ?

Formula non-Verbal Sentence

(+) Subject + Have / Has + been +complement => Ramona has been a teacher in this school

(-) Subject + Have / Has + not +been +complement => Ramona has not been a teacher in this school

(?) Have / Has + Subject +been +complement => Has Ramona been a teacher in this school ?

1. d. Present Perfect Progressive

suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik
dimasa lalu atau aksi telah dimulai dimasa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Formula :

(+) Subject + have / has + been + verb-ing + Object => My lovely parents have been loving to read book

(-) Subject + have / has + not + been + verb-ing + Object => My lovely parents have not been loving to
read book

(?) have / has + Subject + been + verb-ing + Object => Have My lovely parents been loving to read book ?

2. a. Simple Past Tenses

Bentuk waktu yang digunakan menyatakan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang telah terjadi dimasa
lampau.
Formula Verbal Sentences :
(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Object => We bought chocolate for them yesterday
(-) Subject + did not + Verb 1 + Object => We did not buy chocolate for them yesterday
(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object => Did we buy chocolate for them yesterday ?

Formula Non Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + Was / Were + Complement => I was a student last year

(-) Subject + Was / Were not + Complement => I was not a student last year

(?) Was / were + Subject + Compliment => Was I a student last year ?

2. b. Past Progressive Tense

Bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi di masa lampau.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + be (was /were) +V1-ing + Object => We were watching TV when he arrived

(-) Subject + be (was / were) not + V1-ing + Object => We were not watching TV when he arrived

(?) be (was / were) + Subject + V1-ing + Object => Were we watching TV when he arrived ?

2. c. Past Perfect Tense

Menunjukan suatu tindakan di masa lalu berkaitan dengan tindakan lain sebelumnya dimasa lalu.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Object => I had locked the door before I left my home

(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Object => I had not locked the door before I left my home

(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Object => Had I locked the door before I left my home ?

Formula non Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + Had + been + Complement => They had been here before 7 AM

(-) Subject + Had + not + been + Complement => They had not been here before 7 AM

(+) Had + Subject+ been + Complement => Had They been here before 7 AM ?

2. d. Past Perfect Progressive Tense

Digunakan untuk mengungkapan suatu tindakan yang di mulai di masa lalu dan berlangsung hingga
tindakan lain berlangsung di masa lalu.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Object => He had been living in Jakarta about 10 years

(-) Subject + had + been + not + Verb-ing + Object => He had not been living in Jakarta about 10 years

(?) Had +Subject + been + Verb-ing + Object => Had He been living in Jakarta about 10 years ?

3. a. Simple Future Tense

Adalah bentuk waktu yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa yang akan
datang. Dapat menggunakan kata bantu shall / will dan to be going to.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + Shall / Will + Verb 1 + Object => I will come to your party tomorrow

(+) Subject + is/am/are + going to + Verb 1 + Object => I am going to come to your party tomorrow

(-) Subject + Shall / Will + not + Verb 1 + Object => I will not come to your party tomorrow

(-) Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb 1 + Object => I am not going to come to your party tomorrow

(?) Shall / Will + Subject + Verb 1 + Object => Will I come to your party tomorrow ?

(?) Tobe + Subject + going to + Verb 1 + Object => Am I going to come to your party tomorrow ?

Formula Non Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + Shall / Will + be + Complement => I will be here tomorrow

(+) Subject + is/am/are + going to + Complement => I am going to be here tomorrow

(-) Subject + Shall / Will + not + be + Complement => I will not be here tomorrow

(-) Subject + is/am/are + not + going to + be + Complement => I am not going to be here tomorrow

(?) Shall / Will + Subject + be + Complement => Will I be here tomorrow

(?) is/am/are + Subject + going to + be + Complement => Am I going to be here tomorrow ?

3. b.Future Progressive Tense

digunakan untuk menandakan bahwa kita akan berada di tengah – tengah suatu kejadian dalam waktu
tettentu dimasa depan.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + Object => I will be watching a movie tonight

(+) Subject + is/am/are + going to + be + Verb-ing + Object => I am going to be watching a movie tonight
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Verb-ing + Object => I will not be watching a movie tonight

(-) Subject + is/am/are + not + be + Verb-ing + Object => I am not going to be watching a movie tonight

(?) Will/shall + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Object => Will I be watching a movie tonight ?

(?) is/am/are + Subject +going to+ be + Verb-ing + Object => Am I going to be watching a movie tonight ?

3. c. Future Perfect Tense :

Adalah bentuk waktu yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang di mulai di masa lalu dan akan
selesai di masa depan.

Formula Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + will/shall + have + Verb-3 + Object => I will have read this book by the time you arrive

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + Verb-3 + Object => I will not have read this book by the time you
arrive

(?) will/shall + Subject + have + Verb-3 + Object => Will I have read this book by the time you arrive

Formula non Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + Complement => I shall have been at grandma’s house at the end
of the week

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + Complement => I shall not have been at grandma’s house at
the end of the week

(?) will/shall + Subject + have + been + Complement => Shall I have been at grandma’s house at the end
of the week

3. d. Future Perfect Progressive Tense :

Adalah tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau suautu peristiwa yang akan terus
berlangsung sampai waktu yang akan dating.

Formula Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + Will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => Yopi will have beein living here for 5 years
by next month

(-) Subject + Will/shall + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => Yopi will not have beein living here for
5 years by next month

(?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => Will Yopi have beein living here for 5 years
by next month
 4. a. Simple Past Future Tense :

adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan masa depan dari perspektif masa lalu.

Formula Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + Would/Should + Verb 1 + Object => I would treat you to watch a movie if I won the game

(-) Subject + Would/Should + not + Verb 1 + Object => I would not treat you to watch a movie if I won
the game

(?)Would/Should + Subject + Verb 1 + Object => Would I treat you to watch a movie if I won the game ?

Formula non Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + Would/Should + be + Complement => Nira would be lazy if his teacher gave him a duty to
do

(-) Subject + Would/Should + not + be + Complement => Nira would not be lazy if his teacher gave him a
duty to do

(?) Would/Should + Subject + be + Complement => Would Nira be lazy if his teacher gave him a duty to
do

4. b. Past Future Progressive Tense :

adalah jenis tenses yang kita gunakan untuk menunjukan situasi yang dalam imajinasi kita akan sedang
terjadi di suatu waktu di masa lalu.

Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + would/should + be + verb-ing + Object => Jono would be saving his money at a bank in
October last month.

(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + verb-ing + Object => Jono would not be saving his money at a
bank in October last month.

(?) Would/should + Subject + be + verb-ing + Object => Would Jono be saving his money at a bank in
October last month.

4 c. Past Future Progressive Tense :

Adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja untuk membicarakan aktifitas yang tidak terjadi, mungkin terjadi, atau
sebenarnya dapat di lakukan tetapi tidak berhasil di lakukan di masa lampau.
Formula Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + Would/should + have + Verb 3 + Object => If I had saved my money, I would have bought a
new book

(-) Subject + Would/should + not + have + Verb 3 + Object => If I had not saved my money, I would not
have bought a new book

(?) Would/should + Subject +have + Verb 3 + Object => Would I have bought a new book if I have saved
my monet ?

Formula non Verbal Sentences :

(+) Subject + would/should + have +been + Complement => Cornelius would have been OK if you had
been here

(-) Subject + would/should + not + have +been + Complement => Cornelius would not have been OK if
you had been here

(?) Would/should + Subject + have +been + Complement => Would Cornelius have been OK if you had
been here ?

4 d. Past Future Perfect Progressive Tense :

Adalah tenses yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang akan telah sedang terjadi di masa lalu.

Formula Verbal Sentence :

(+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => I would have been working in leading
company for 5 years.

(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => I would not have been working in
leading company for 5 years.

(?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Object => Would I have been working in leading
company for 5 years.