Angel Debora Boru Tambunan

19/445781/PN/16296

1. f(x,y) = U = x2y
c = 12
g(x,y) = 2x + 4y
L = f(x,y) + λ[c-g(x,y)]
L = x2y + λ(12 – (2x + 4y))
Lx = dL = 2xy - 2λ = 0
dx
Ly = dL = x2 - 4λ = 0
dy
Lλ = dL = 12 – 2x - 4y = 0
dλ
Cari x, y, λ dengan eliminasi
2xy - 2λ = 0 (x2)
x2 - 4λ = 0 (x1)
4xy - 4λ = 0
x2 - 4λ = 0 _
4xy - x2 = 0…… (i)

Substitusi Lλ ke persamaan (i)

-4y = -12 +2x
y = (12 – 2x)
4
4x. (12-2x) – x2 = 0
4
12x – 2x2 – x2 = 0
12x – 3x2 = 0
x(12 – 3x) = 0
x = 0 dan x = 4

2x + 4y = 12
x = 0 → 2(0) + 4y = 12 → 4y = 12 → y = 3
x = 4 → 2(4) + 4y = 12 → 8 + 4y = 12 → 4y = 4 → y = 1

x2 - 4λ = 0
Angel Debora Boru Tambunan
19/445781/PN/16296

x = 0 → 02 - 4λ = 0 → -4λ = 0 → λ = 0
x = 4 → 42 - 4λ = 0 → 16 - 4λ = 0 → -4λ = -16 → λ = 4

x=0
y=3
λ=0

L = x2y + λ(12 – (2x + 4y))

L = 02. 3 + 0(12 – (2. 0 + 4. 3))
L=0+0
L=0

x=4
y=1
λ=4

L = x2y + λ(12 – (2x + 4y))

L = 42. 1 + 4(12 – (2. 4 + 4. 1))
L = 16 + 4(12 – (8 + 4))
L = 16 + 4(0)
L = 16

Jadi, seorang konsumen harus mengkonsumsi barang X sebanyak 4 dan Y sebanyak 1

untuk dapat memperoleh utilitas maksimal yaitu 16.

2. π = 64x – 2x2 + 96y – 4y2 – 13

x + y < 19
keuntungan maksimum = ?
L = 64x – 2x2 + 96y – 4y2 – 13 + λ(19 – x – y)
Lx = 64 – 4x – λ = 0……(i)
Ly = 96 – 8y – λ = 0……(ii)
Lλ = 19 – x – y = 0……(iii)

Eliminasi persamaan (i) dan (ii)

Angel Debora Boru Tambunan
19/445781/PN/16296

4x + λ = 64
8y + λ = 96 _
4x – 8y = -32
x – 2y = -8……(iv)

Eliminasi persamaan (iii) dan (iv)

x + y = 19
x – 2y = -8 _
3y = 27
y=9

Substitusi
x – 2y = -8
x – 2(9) = -8
x – 18 = -8
x = 10

Substitusi
4x + λ = 64
4(10) + λ = 64
40 + λ = 64
λ = 24

πmax = 64x – 2x2 + 96y – 4y2 – 13 + λ(19 – x – y)

= 64(10) – 2(10)2 + 96(9) – 4(9)2 – 13 + 24(19 – 10 – 9)
= 640 – 200 + 864 – 324 – 13 + 24(0)
= 1504 – 537
= 967

Jadi, keuntungan maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 967 dengan input x 10 dan input y
9.