The research area is located in Cikidang area and its surroundings, Cikidang
Subdistrict, Sukabumi District, West Java with total area is 85.56 km2.
Geographically, the research area is situated between 587129° E - 106,670463° E
and 6,879892° S - 6,963226° S.
Geomorphology of the research area is classified into 5 (five) geomorphological
units, including Moderately Steep Volcanic Hill Unit, Moderately Steep Structural
Sedimentary Hill Unit, Steep Structural Sedimentary Hill Unit, Intrusion Cone Unit,
and Steep Volcanic Hill Unit.
Stratigraphy of the research area is consisting of 7 (seven) units, from old to
young: Sandstone A Unit, Andesitic Intrusion Unit, Sandstone B Unit, Tuff Unit,
Volcanic Breccia Unit, Basaltic Lava Unit, and Alluvium.
Secondary structures found in the research area are consisting of joints, faults,
and folds. Cijambe Left Lateral - Normal Fault was formed by the compression
tectonic phase during the end of Early Miocene - early Middle Miocene, whereas
Cibungur Right Lateral-Normal Fault was formed during the Pliocene-Pleistocene
tectonism. Folds found in the research area are consisting of Cibungur Syncline,
Cisaar Syncline, Pasir Wayang Syncline, Pasir Tugu Syncline, Ciburial Anticline,
Pasir Wayang Anticline, Cimapag Anticline, and Cibungur Kaler Anticline.
The deposition of the lithologic units are underlied by Sandstone A Unit in the
Early Miocene by the mechanism of gravity mass flow in the submarine fan
depositional environment. By the end of Early Miocene - early Middle Miocene the
compression tectonic phase was creting the formation of the faults resulting the
magma ascending upward and the formation of Andesitic Intrusion Unit. The
Sandstone B Unit was deposited in late Miocene, overlying the previous unit
unconformably in marine depositional environment (middle neritic). In Pliocene-
Pleistocene, due to the compression tectonic phase, the formation of faults took place
in the research area. The main stress trend is NE-SW which corresponds to the
direction of subduction zone in the Southern Java.
In Pliocene-Pleistocene, uplifting process occurred in the research area. In the
early Pleistocene, active volcanism took place resulting in the formation of younger
volcanic deposits, form old to young : Tuff Unit, Volcanic Breccia unit, and Basaltic
Lava unit.