Jhonson P. Sihombing
Tujuan
Setelah selesai mengikuti kuliah,
mahasiswa:
Tahu klasifikasi Pedoman JNC 8 tentang Tekanan
darah, dan mampu berdiskusi tentang korelasi antara
tekanan darah risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas
kardiovaskuler.
Identifikasi obat-obat yang dapat menyebabkan atau
memperparah hipertensi.
Tujuan
Mendiskusikan komplikasi (e.g., target organ damage,
clinical cardiovascular disease) yang dapat terjadi bila
hipertensi tidak terkendali, terutama dalam jangka
waktu lama, serta identifikasi faktor risiko
kardiovaskuler.
Menetapkan tujuan Tx hipertensi dan mengetahui
modifikasi gaya hidup serta memilih obat/rejimen yang
tepat sesuai kebutuhan Px dan penyakit yang menyertai.
Memberikan asuhan kefarmasian
Blood Pressure Categories
Lifestyle Drug
BP Categories SBP mmHg* DBP mmHg
Modification Therapy**
Stage 1 Single
Hypertension
130-139 or 80-89 Yes
Agent
Stage 2
Hypertension
≥ 140 or ≥ 90 Yes Combo
Hyperyensive and/or
Crisis
> 150
≥ 120
JNC 8. ACC/AHA. 2017 Nop ;
JAMA 05/02/2014
Lifestyle Drug
BP Classification SBP mmHg* DBP mmHg
Modification Therapy**
Kurang olahraga
Kurang asupan buah, sayuran dan potassium
Konsumsi Alkohol berlebihan
Hypertension 2003;289:2560-2572.
Modifikasi Lifestyle
Approximate SBP Reduction
Modification
(range)
Weight reduction 5-20 mmHg/ 10 kg weight loss
Moderation of alcohol
2-4 mmHg
consumption
JNC 7 Express. JAMA. 2003 Sep 10; 290(10):1314
Pengaruh Pengurangan 5 mmHg
Overall Reduction
Stroke 14%
Hypertension 2003;289:2560-2572.
Dietary
Approaches to
Stop
Hypertension
Menurunkan SBP
Pada Px normotensive
rata-rata 3.5 mmHg
Pada Px hipertensi 11.4
mm Hg
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/
DASH
Rendah lemak jenuh, kolesterol, dan lemak
Memperbanyak buah, sayuran dan makanan rendah
lemak
Mengurangi daging merah, makanan dan minuman
manis yang mengandung gula
Perbanyak makan yang kaya magnesium, potassium,
calcium, protein, dan serat
Batasi 3 -1.5 g sodium per hari
Dapat menurunkan TD dalam 2 minggu
-PLUS-
Hipertensi
Diabetes atau Renal Disease
Stage 1 HTN (SBP 140–159 or Stage 2 HTN (SBP >160 or DBP Drug(s) for the compelling
DBP 90–99 mmHg) >100 mmHg) indications
Thiazide-type diuretics for most. 2-drug combination for most Other antihypertensive drugs
May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, (usually thiazide-type diuretic and (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB)
CCB, or combination. ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB) as needed.
Not at Goal
Blood Pressure
Optimize dosages or add additional drugs
until goal blood pressure is achieved.
Consider consultation with hypertension specialist.
Stage 1 HTN (SBP 140–159 or Stage 2 HTN (SBP >160 or DBP Drug(s) for the compelling
DBP 90–99 mmHg) >100 mmHg) indications
Thiazide-type diuretics for most. 2-drug combination for most Other antihypertensive drugs
May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, (usually thiazide-type diuretic and (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB)
CCB, or combination. ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB) as needed.
Not at Goal
Blood Pressure
Optimize dosages or add additional drugs
until goal blood pressure is achieved.
Consider consultation with hypertension specialist.
14
12
10
SBP Reduction 8 1/2 Standard
(mmHg) 6 Standard
4 2x Standard
2
0
Thiazides BB ACEI ARB CCB
19.9
20 13,3
SBP
6,7
Reduction 10
(mmHg)
0
1 Drug 2 Drug 3 Drugs
Kesimpulan:
Penggunaan low dose combination efektif enurunkan
TD dengan efek samping rendah
Stage 1 HTN (SBP 140–159 or Stage 2 HTN (SBP >160 or DBP Drug(s) for the compelling
DBP 90–99 mmHg) >100 mmHg) indications
Thiazide-type diuretics for most. 2-drug combination for most Other antihypertensive drugs
May consider ACEI, ARB, BB, (usually thiazide-type diuretic and (diuretics, ACEI, ARB, BB, CCB)
CCB, or combination. ACEI, or ARB, or BB, or CCB) as needed.
Not at Goal
Blood Pressure
Optimize dosages or add additional drugs
until goal blood pressure is achieved.
Consider consultation with hypertension specialist.
High CAD risk THIAZ, BB, ACEI, ALLHAT, HOPE, ANBP2, LIFE,
CCB CONVINCE
Compelling Indications for
Individual Drug Classes
Compelling Initial Therapy Clinical Trial Basis
Indication Options
-PLUS-
Hypertension
Diabetes or Renal Disease
Ethanol Mercury