PRAKTIKUM ALGORITMA DAN STRUKTUR DATA

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
COVER.....................................................................................................................................i
HALAMAN JUDUL..................................................................................................................iI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.......................................................................................................iiI
KATA PENGANTAR...............................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR...............................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR TABEL...................................................................................................................xiv
BAB I SELUK BELUK BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN
1.1 Apa itu Progaram..........................................................................................................1
1.2 Bahasa Pemrograman.................................................................................................2
1.3 Proses Kompilasi..........................................................................................................3
1.4 Macam-macam Bahasa Pemrograman.......................................................................5
1.5 Langkah-langkah Menyusun Program.........................................................................7
1.5.1 Logika.................................................................................................................8
1.5.2 Algoritma dan Pemrograman.............................................................................8
1.5.3 Tahap-Tahap Pemrograman.............................................................................8
1.5.4 Pembatasan Masalah........................................................................................9
1.5.5 Pengembangan Model.....................................................................................10
1.5.6 Rancangan Algoritma......................................................................................10
1.5.7 Koreksi Algoritma.............................................................................................11
1.5.8 Pemrograman..................................................................................................11
1.5.9 Pengujian dan Analisis.....................................................................................12
1.5.10Dokumentasi....................................................................................................12
1.5.11Contoh Perhitungan Upah Buruh.....................................................................12
1.5.12Algoritma Perhitungan Upah Buruh.................................................................12
1.6 Sejarah Bahasa C++..................................................................................................13
1.7 Mengenal Editor Bahasa C++....................................................................................14
1.8 Proses Instalasi C++..................................................................................................16

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1.9 Membuat Program C++..............................................................................................17

1.10 Memahami Kesalahan Aturan Sintatk Pada Bahasa C.............................................18
1.11 Latihan ..................................................................................................................21
BAB II STRUKTUR BAHASA C++
2.1 Struktur Bahasa C++..................................................................................................26
2.1.1 //komentar........................................................................................................27
2.1.2 #include<iostream.h>.......................................................................................27
2.1.3 Main()...............................................................................................................27
2.1.4 Pernyataan.......................................................................................................29
2.2 Perintah-Perintah Dasar.............................................................................................30
2.2.1 Include..............................................................................................................30
2.2.2 Cout..................................................................................................................32
2.2.3 Contoh Program Yang Salah...........................................................................36
2.3 Latihan........................................................................................................................38
BAB III VARIABEL DAN TIPE DATA
3.1 Variabel.......................................................................................................................43
3.2 Penamaan Variabel....................................................................................................44
3.3 Kata Kunci..................................................................................................................45
3.4 Tipe Data....................................................................................................................46
3.5 Deklarasi Variabel......................................................................................................47
3.6 Menentukan Tipe Data Variabel.................................................................................47
3.7 Memberikan Nilai Ke Variabel....................................................................................48
3.8 Menampilkan Isi Variabel Di Monitor..........................................................................49
3.9 Konstanta....................................................................................................................50
3.10 Overvlow Data............................................................................................................50
3.11 Konversi Tipe Data.....................................................................................................51
3.12 Tipe Casting...............................................................................................................52
3.13 Contoh Kesalahan......................................................................................................53
3.14 Latihan........................................................................................................................60
BAB IV OPERATOR Penugasan
4.1 Operator Penugasan..................................................................................................67

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4.2 Operator Aritmatika....................................................................................................67

4.3 Operator Penaik Dan Penurunan Di C++...................................................................71
4.4 Operator Relasi..........................................................................................................73
4.5 Operator Majemuk......................................................................................................74
4.6 Urutan Operasi...........................................................................................................75
4.7 Latihan........................................................................................................................79
BAB V PERINTAH MASUKAN DAN KELUARAN
5.1 Perintah Keluaran.......................................................................................................85
5.2 Perintah Masukan.......................................................................................................86
5.3 Fungsi Manipulator.....................................................................................................87
5.3.1 Setw.................................................................................................................87
5.3.2 Setfill.................................................................................................................88
5.3.3 Setosflags()......................................................................................................89
5.4 Fungsi Matematika.....................................................................................................90
5.5 String..........................................................................................................................92
5.5.1 Variabel String..................................................................................................93
5.5.2 Inisialisasi String..............................................................................................93
5.6 Fungsi String..............................................................................................................94
5.7 Latihan........................................................................................................................98
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman
Gambar 1.1 Proses Kompilasi................................................................................................4
Gambar 1.2 Bahasa Pemrograman dan Bahasa Mesin.........................................................4
Gambar 1.3 Tingkatan Bahasa Pemrograman.......................................................................5
Gambar 1.4 Tampilan Bahasa C............................................................................................6
Gambar 1.5 Tampilan Bahasa Java.......................................................................................7
Gambar 1.6 Bahasa PHP.......................................................................................................7
Gambar 1.7 Tahap-tahap Algoritma dan Pemrograman........................................................9
Gambar 1.8 Proses Kompilasi..............................................................................................15
Gambar 1.9 Proses Kompilasi..............................................................................................16
Gambar 1.10 Editor C++.......................................................................................................16
Gambar 1.11 Proses Penyusunan Program di C++.............................................................16
Gambar 1.12 Proses Penyusunan Program di C++.............................................................16
Gambar 1.13 Proses Penyusunan Program di C++.............................................................17
Gambar 1.14 Script Dev C++...............................................................................................17
Gambar 1.15 Penulisan Turbo C++......................................................................................18
Gambar 1.16 Proses Kompilasi C++....................................................................................18
Gambar 1.17 Hasil Running Program C++...........................................................................18
Gambar 1.18 Proses Kompilasi Gagal.................................................................................19
Gambar 1.19 Penjelasan Kesalahan Kompilasi...................................................................20
Gambar 1.20 Toolbar Turbo C++.........................................................................................20
Gambar 1.21 Hasil Kompilasi Yang Menghasilkan File Exe................................................21
Gambar 1.22 Installer Languange C++................................................................................22
Gambar 1.23 Proses Penyetujuan Penginstallan C++.........................................................22
Gambar 1.24 Proses Pemilihan Komponen.........................................................................22
Gambar 1.25 Proses Pemilihan Lokasi File.........................................................................23
Gambar 1.26 Tampilan Selesai Menginstal Dev C++..........................................................23
Gambar 1.27 Aplikasi C++ Di Desktop.................................................................................23
Gambar 1.28 Tampilan Awal Dev.........................................................................................24

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Gambar 1.29 Tampilan Jendela Baru Dev C++...................................................................24

Gambar 1.30 Tampilan Dev C++ Setelah Di Ketik Source Code.........................................24
Gambar 1.31 Tampilan Tombol Compile Dan Run..............................................................24
Gambar 1.32 Laman Untuk Menyimpan Program................................................................25
Gambar 1.33 Hasil Program Yang Di Buat...........................................................................25
Gambar 2.1 Hasil Kompilasi.................................................................................................28
Gambar 2.2 Hasil Kompilasi Menggunakan Return.............................................................28
Gambar 2.3 Hasil Eksekusi..................................................................................................29
Gambar 2.4 Souce Code......................................................................................................29
Gambar 2.5 Hasil Running....................................................................................................29
Gambar 2.6 File Header ......................................................................................................30
Gambar 2.7 Isi Program File Header....................................................................................31
Gambar 2.8 Fungsi Endl.......................................................................................................32
Gambar 2.9 Fungsi \n...........................................................................................................32
Gambar 2.10 Contoh Script Tanpa Instruksi Berganti Baris................................................33
Gambar 2.11 Hasil Running.................................................................................................33
Gambar 2.12 Contoh Program Menggunakan Endl.............................................................34
Gambar 2.13 Hasil Running.................................................................................................34
Gambar 2.14 Script Contoh Menggunakan \n......................................................................34
Gambar 2.15 Hasil Running.................................................................................................35
Gambar 2.16 Contoh Script Menggunakan Ketiganya.........................................................35
Gambar 2.17 Hasil Running.................................................................................................35
Gambar 2.18 Hasil Yang Menampilkan Akprind..................................................................36
Gambar 2.19 Script Program................................................................................................36
Gambar 2.20 Toolbar Turbo C++.........................................................................................36
Gambar 2.21 Kesalahan Penulisan Pada Statement...........................................................37
Gambar 2.22 Source Code Menggunakan Escape Sequences..........................................37
Gambar 2.23 Hasil Running.................................................................................................37
Gambar 2.24 Penjelasan Program Di Atas..........................................................................37
Gambar 2.25 Hasil Program Pertama..................................................................................39
Gambar 2.26 Hasil Program Kedua......................................................................................39

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Gambar 2.27 Hasil Program Ketiga......................................................................................40

Gambar 2.28 Hasil Program Keempat.................................................................................40
Gambar 2.29 Hasil Program Kelima.....................................................................................41
Gambar 2.30 Hasil Program Keenam..................................................................................41
Gambar 2.31 Hasil Running.................................................................................................42
Gambar 3.1 Proses Penyimpanan Data Di Variabel............................................................43
Gambar 3.2 Contoh Program Penamaan Variabel..............................................................45
Gambar 3.3 Kesalahan Dalam Penamaan Variabel............................................................45
Gambar 3.4 Pembagian Variabel.........................................................................................46
Gambar 3.5 Pemberian Nilai Ke Variabel.............................................................................48
Gambar 3.6 Tampilan Program Hasil Isi Variabel................................................................49
Gambar 3.7 Hasil Running....................................................................................................49
Gambar 3.8 Source Code Program......................................................................................50
Gambar 3.9 Hasil Running Program Dari Bentuk Penulisan Pengenal Nilai.......................50
Gambar 3.10 Perbedaan Tipe Data Dari Gelas,Botol,Galon Air,dan,Tandon Air................50
Gambar 3.11 Ilustrasi Terjadinya Air Meluber......................................................................51
Gambar 3.12 Source Code Konversi Data...........................................................................51
Gambar 3.13 Hasil Konversi Data Dalam Program..............................................................52
Gambar 3.14 Tampilan Source Code Program Tipe Casting..............................................53
Gambar 3.15 Hasil Running Program Diatas.......................................................................53
Gambar 3.16 Contoh Program Mengalami Kesalahan........................................................53
Gambar 3.17 Box Eror..........................................................................................................54
Gambar 3.18 Rumus Bangun Ruang...................................................................................54
Gambar 3.19 Flowchart Menghitung Keliling & Luas Persegi..............................................55
Gambar 3.20 Source Code Program Keliling & Luas Persegi.............................................56
Gambar 3.21 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas...............................................................56
Gambar 3.22 Flowchart Menghitung Keliling & Luas Persegi Panjang..............................57
Gambar 3.23 Source Code Program Keliling & Luas Persegi Panjang...............................58
Gambar 3.24 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas...............................................................58
Gambar 3.25 Flowchart Menghitung Keliling & Luas Jajargenjang....................................59
Gambar 3.26 Source Code Program Keliling & Luas Jajargenjang.....................................60

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Gambar 3.27 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas...............................................................60

Gambar 3.28 Source Code Isi Variabel................................................................................61
Gambar 3.29 Hasil Running Program Diatas.......................................................................61
Gambar 3.30 Flowchart Konversi Dari Celcius Ke Fahrenheit dan Reamur........................62
Gambar 3.31 Source Code Program Celcius Ke Fahrenheit dan Reamur..........................63
Gambar 3.32 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas...............................................................63
Gambar 3.33 Flowchart Tapesium Sama Kaki.....................................................................64
Gambar 3.34 Source Code Program Trapesium Sama Kaki...............................................65
Gambar 3.35 Hasil Runing Program Diatas.........................................................................65
Gambar 3.36 Source Code Luas Dan Keliling Lingkaran....................................................66
Gambar 3.37 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas...............................................................66
Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Program Aritmatika...........................................................................68
Gambar 4.2 Hasil Running Dari Program Diatas.................................................................68
Gambar 4.3 Program Pembagian Sisa Hasil........................................................................69
Gambar 4.4 Contoh Program Pembagian Dengan Sisa Hasil Bagi.....................................69
Gambar 4.5 Program Menghasilkan Nilai Pecahan.............................................................70
Gambar 4.6 Contoh Program Menghasilkan Nilai Pecahan................................................70
Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Program Isi Variabel.........................................................................71
Gambar 4.8 Contoh Program Isi Variabel............................................................................72
Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Program Penugasan.........................................................................72
Gambar 4.10 Hasil Program Penugasan..............................................................................72
Gambar 4.11 Tampilan Program Operator Relasi................................................................73
Gambar 4.12 Hasil Program Operator Relasi.......................................................................74
Gambar 4.13 Tampilan Operator Majemuk..........................................................................74
Gambar 4.14 Hasil Running Operator Majemuk..................................................................74
Gambar 4.15 Rumus Matematika Urutan Operasi...............................................................75
Gambar 4.16 Rumus Notasi.................................................................................................76
Gambar 4.17 Rumus Matematika Segitiga...........................................................................77
Gambar 4.18 Flowchart Hasil Perhitungan Luas..................................................................78
Gambar 4.19 Tampilan Program Urutan Operasi................................................................78
Gambar 4.20 Hasil Running Urutasn Operasi......................................................................79

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Gambar 4.21 Flowchart Luas Permukaan Bola...................................................................79

Gambar 4.22 Source Code...................................................................................................79
Gambar 4.23 Hasil Running.................................................................................................79
Gambar 4.24 Flowchart Pencarian Kecepatan Dan Kecepatan Glbb..................................81
Gambar 4.25 Script Program................................................................................................82
Gambar 4.26 Hasil Running.................................................................................................86
Gambar 4.27 Flowchart Rumus-Rumus Yang Terkait Dengan Bidang Untuk Kerucut.......83
Gambar 4.28 Source Code...................................................................................................84
Gambar 4.29 Hasil Running.................................................................................................84
Gambar 5.1 Contoh Tampilan Masukan Dan Keluaran.......................................................85
Gambar 5.2 Tempat Menampung Digit................................................................................88
Gambar 5.3 Tampilan Program Setw...................................................................................88
Gambar 5.4 Source Code Program......................................................................................88
Gambar 5.5 Hasil Running Menggunakan Setfill dan Tidak................................................89
Gambar 5.6 Tampilan Program............................................................................................90
Gambar 5.7 Hasil Running....................................................................................................90
Gambar 5.8 Tampilan Program............................................................................................91
Gambar 5.9 Hasil Running....................................................................................................92
Gambar 5.10 Contoh Gambar String “YOGYAKARTA”.......................................................93
Gambar 5.11 Tampilan Program..........................................................................................93
Gambar 5.12 Hasil Running.................................................................................................94
Gambar 5.13 Tampilan Program..........................................................................................95
Gambar 5.14 Hasil Running.................................................................................................95
Gambar 5.15 Flowchart Luas dan Keliling Segitiga.............................................................96
Gambar 5.16 Flowchart Mencari Luas Dan Keliling Persegi ...............................................97
Gambar 5.17 Flowchart Program Perhitungan Tanggal Lahir.............................................99
Gambar 5.18 Source Code.................................................................................................100
Gambar 5.19 Hasil running Menentukan Tanggal Lahir....................................................100
Gambar 5.20 Program Mencari Jumlah Pembelian Barang..............................................101
Gambar 5.21 Hasil Running...............................................................................................101
Gambar 5.22 Program Mengubah Data Detik Menjadi Jam,Menit,dan Detik....................102

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Gambar 5.23 Hasil Running...............................................................................................103

Gambar 5.24 Flowchart Tentang Gaji Pegawai.................................................................103
Gambar 5.25 Program Mengenai Gaji Pegawai.................................................................104
Gambar 5.26 Hasil Running Gaji Pegawai.........................................................................104
Gambar 5.27 Program Tentang Memisahkan Pecahan Uang Kembalian.........................105
Gambar 5.28 Hasil Running...............................................................................................105

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman
Tabel 1.1 Perbedaan Interpreter dan Kompiler......................................................................3
Tabel 1.2 Macam-Macam Bahasa Pemrograman..................................................................5
Tabel 2.1 Beberapa File Header...........................................................................................31
Tabel 2.2 Beberapa Escape Scuence..................................................................................38
Tabel 3.1 Contoh Penulisan Nama Variabel Beserta Keterangannya.................................44
Tabel 3.2 Kata Kunci.............................................................................................................46
Tabel 3.3 Nilai Kisaran Bahasa C++.....................................................................................47
Tabel 3.4 Menetukan Tipe Data Variabel.............................................................................48
Tabel 4.1 Macam-Macam Operator......................................................................................67
Tabel 4.2 Operator Aritmatika...............................................................................................68
Tabel 4.3 Operator Sisa Pembagian....................................................................................69
Tabel 4.4 Simbol Operator....................................................................................................71
Tabel 4.5 Operator Beserta Keterangannya.........................................................................73
Tabel 5.1 Penggunaan Cout Stream Dengan Operator <<..................................................86
Tabel 5.2 Menampilkan Cout Kata Hello..............................................................................86
Tabel 5.3 Fungsi Manipulator Yang Di Sediakan Oleh C++................................................87
Tabel 5.4 Tanda Format.......................................................................................................89
Tabel 5.5 Tabel Fungsi Matematika.....................................................................................91
Tabel 5.6 Contoh String........................................................................................................92
Tabel 5.7 Fungsi String.........................................................................................................98
Tabel 5.8 Bilangan Awal.......................................................................................................98
Tabel 5.9 Langkah Permainan..............................................................................................98
Tabel 5.10 Logika...............................................................................................................100
Tabel 5.11 Tabel Harga dan Keterangan...........................................................................101
Tabel 5.12 Jenis Uang Kembali dan Pecahan Uang Kembali..........................................101

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