Destilasi Speck
Destilasi Speck
V.HV
QC
L.HL
F.Hf
LAB
Qr
B.HB
Neraca panas :
VHV = LHL + DHD + QC
FHF + QR = DHD + BHB + QC
Dalam Hal ini =
HV = Enthalphy uap hasil puncak menara
HD = Enthalphy destilat
Hf = Enthalphy cairan umpan
HB = Enthalphy cairan hasil dasar menara
HL = Enthalphy cairan refluk
QC = Panas yang diambil kondensor
Qr = Panas yang dibangkitkan reboiler
Input
Hasil bawah Light Alkylate column
Tin = 383.20 C Tref = 298
Tin = 656.20 K
P= 2.4 atm 1824 mmHg
Kondisi Input
Komponen n(Kmol) xi ∫Cp dT H (KJ/jam)
C12H25.C6H5 37.9448814745596 0.94591058 226975.63979182 8612563.7495
C10H21.C6H5 0.584425370892568 0.01456887 198870.09379269 116224.72832
C14H29.C6H5 1.58535350123606 0.03952055 221833.37287655 351684.31438
Total 40.1146603466882 1 9080472.7922
Menentukan keadaan pada bubble point dan dew point input berdasarkan pers. Riedel
Persamaan Riedel
Ln Pvap = A - (B/Tr) + (C.ln Tir) + (D.Tir^6)
Untuk mendapatkan harga konstanta underwood (θ) dihitung dengan metode trial hingga diperoleh
harga 1-q = 0
Kondisi input
TBubble point = 656.20 K
Tref = 298.00 K
P= 2.40 atm
Komponen xi ki = Pi/P αi = Ki/KHK αi.xi
C12H25.C6H5 0.945910575999486 1.00464915 1.5070004706969 1.4254876833
C10H21.C6H5 0.0145688724730986 1.60240103 2.4036442061772 0.0350183859
C14H29.C6H5 0.0395205515274154 0.66665484 1 0.0395205515
Total 1
R min + 1 = 3.02181724
R min = 2.02181724
Direncanakan menggunakan Oil term S - 600 sebagai media pendingin yang memiliki R operasi 1,1 - 1,2 kali
Rmin.
dipilih R = 1.2 kali Rmin
R = 2.42618068
V = Lo + D
V=
V= 131.883792549937 kmol/jam
STATUS = BALANCE
O
K
3600
60
9350.98481106
127.627981346
435.162097201
9913.77488961
n pers. Riedel
yi =ki.xi
0.95030825693
0.0233451763
0.02634656678
1
xi =yi/ki
0.9323056679
0.00900003135
0.05869430076
1
rkan persamaan
yi =ki.xi
0.97603574274
0.02393721157
2.70456846E-05
1.000
Kg
9341.633826254 0.98647653205237
127.6279813463
0.435162097201
9469.696969697 Kg/ jam produk LAB
227272.727272727 / Hari
227.272727272727 ton / Hari
75000 ton / Hari
xi =yi/ki
0.99033983596
0.00959765533
6.25087082E-05
1
rdasarkan persamaan
yi =ki.xi BM Kg
0.03489149 246.436 9.35098481106458
0.96510850999 274.489 434.726935103584
0.99999999999 444.077919914648
xi =yi/ki
0.0156281851
0.9843718149
1
Kg
9.35098481106
434.726935104 Kg / jam Produk HA
10433.446442486 Kg/ Hari
10.433446442486 Ton/ hari
3443.03732602038 Ton/ tahun
3756.59842879292 selisih HA dengan LA =
75000 LA =
q =Hv-Hf/Hv-HL=
((αi.xi)/(αi-θ))
2.99857943509
0.026274629
-0.00303682784
3.02181723625
38.4929473175
DESTILAT
Qlaten
6391318.6851
85410.1828003
296.314659169
6477025.18256
atm
K
4. Kebutuhan pemanas
2256.9
4. Kebutuhan pemanas
Hl, dan Hf
K
atm
K
K
densitas cairan= A*B^(-(1-T/Tc)^n)
T= 303 K
kg/cum--lb/ft3 0.062426
gr/cc--lb/ft3 62.4278
m3 mjd bbl 6.290099 1 bbl 0.15989 m3
cp 0.000672 lb/ftdetik
H 22.32889
kg/jam mjd lb/jam 2.20462 ,
1jam/3600 detik 0.000278
in mjd ft 0.0833
-0.95892427
656.2025
Data perhitungan neraca panas
Komponen BM Td Tc Pc
k k Bar mmHg atm
C6H6 78.114 353.24 562.16 48.98 36738.02207 48.3395
C8H16 112.215 394.44 566.6 25.5 19126.57335 25.16654
C10H20 140.269 443.75 617.05 21.68 16261.33766 21.3965
C12H24 168.323 486.5 657 18.9 14176.16613 18.65285
C14H28 196.376 524.25 692 16.6 12451.02422 16.38293
C8H17.C6H5 190.329 537.55 729 20.2 15151.24634 19.93585
C10H21.C6H5 218.382 571.04 753 17.7 13276.09209 17.46854
C12H25.C6H5 246.436 600.76 774.25 15.79 11843.47424 15.58352
C14H29.C6H5 274.489 627.16 792 14.19 10643.37552 14.00444
HF 20.006 292.67 461.15 54.85 41140.88425 54.13274
H2O 18.015 373.15 647.13 220.55 165426.1079 217.6659
DB 414.754 727 851.2 6.302 4727.200109 6.22
434.33
353.85
KAPASITAS PANAS GAS 334.49 254.01
Komponen A B C D E
C6H6 -31.3680 4.7460E-01 -3.1137E-04 8.5237E-08 -5.0524E-12
C8H16 56.2660 4.0665E-01 1.5805E-04 -3.2277E-07 1.0600E-10
C10H20 121.5530 2.0974E-01 7.8760E-04 -8.6982E-07 2.6033E-10
C12H24 83.1020 6.2741E-01 2.2136E-04 -4.7938E-07 1.5890E-10
C14H28 167.903 3.1544E-01 1.0739E-03 -1.2004E-06 3.6046E-10
C8H17.C6H5 51.588 7.6266E-01 8.0566E-05 -4.2003E-07 1.5047E-10
C10H21.C6H5 65.79 8.6789E-01 1.2244E-04 -5.0606E-07 1.7890E-10
C12H25.C6H5 106.695 7.7941E-01 5.8463E-04 -9.4162E-07 3.0397E-10
C14H29.C6H5 -53.024 1.8455E+00 -1.1361E-03 2.7552E-07 0.0000E+00
HF 29.085 9.6118E-04 -4.4705E-06 6.7830E-09 -2.1975E-12
H2O 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
DB -6.7550E+01 1.9650E+00 -1.3420E-03 2.5700E-07 0.0000E+00
Komponen A B C D
C6H6 -31.662 1.3043E+00 -3.6078E-03 3.8243E-06
C8H16 119.984 8.3332E-01 -2.5321E-03 3.4745E-06
C10H20 137.962 1.1934E+00 -3.2863E-03 3.9390E-06
C12H24 129.203 1.5842E+00 -4.0461E-03 4.3851E-06
C14H28 135.178 2.0938E+00 -5.0404E-03 5.0893E-06
C12H25.C6H5 202.922 2.0826E+00 -4.5475E-03 4.2038E-06
DB 6.8788E+02 -4.3200E-01 1.3800E-03 0.0000E+00
C8H17.C6H5 175.32 1.3630E+00 -3.1673E-03 3.2877E-06
C10H21.C6H5 179.894 1.7867E+00 -4.0368E-03 3.9135E-06
C14H29.C6H5 573.751 -5.3762E-01 1.2674E-03 0.0000E+00
HF 24.415 2.0382E-01 -9.4339E-04 1.8975E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
HF STRIPPER
Komponen A B C D
C6H6 -31.662 1.3043E+00 -3.6078E-03 3.8243E-06
C8H16 119.984 8.3332E-01 -2.5321E-03 3.4745E-06
C10H20 137.962 1.1934E+00 -3.2863E-03 3.9390E-06
C12H24 129.203 1.5842E+00 -4.0461E-03 4.3851E-06
C14H28 135.178 2.0938E+00 -5.0404E-03 5.0893E-06
C12H25.C6H5 202.922 2.0826E+00 -4.5475E-03 4.2038E-06
C8H17.C6H5 175.32 1.3630E+00 -3.1673E-03 3.2877E-06
C10H21.C6H5 179.894 1.7867E+00 -4.0368E-03 3.9135E-06
C14H29.C6H5 573.751 -5.3762E-01 1.2674E-03 0.0000E+00
HF 24.415 2.0382E-01 -9.4339E-04 1.8975E-06
H2O 92.053 -3.9953E-02 -2.1103E-04 5.3469E-07
C14H29.C6H 573.751 -0.53762 0.0012674 0
DB 687.88 -0.432 0.00138 0
Komponen A B C D E
C6H6 -31.3680 4.7460E-01 -3.1137E-04 8.5237E-08 -5.0524E-12
C8H16 56.2660 4.0665E-01 1.5805E-04 -3.2277E-07 1.0600E-10
C10H20 121.5530 2.0974E-01 7.8760E-04 -8.6982E-07 2.6033E-10
C12H24 83.1020 6.2741E-01 2.2136E-04 -4.7938E-07 1.5890E-10
C14H28 167.903 3.1544E-01 1.0739E-03 -1.2004E-06 3.6046E-10
C12H25.C6H5 106.695 7.7941E-01 5.8463E-04 -9.4162E-07 3.0397E-10
C8H17.C6H5 51.588 7.6266E-01 8.0566E-05 -4.2003E-07 1.5047E-10
C10H21.C6H5 65.79 8.6789E-01 1.2244E-04 -5.0606E-07 1.7890E-10
C14H29.C6H5 -53.024 1.8455E+00 -1.1361E-03 2.7552E-07 0.0000E+00
HF 29.085 9.6118E-04 -4.4705E-06 6.7830E-09 -2.1975E-12
H2O 33.933 -8.4186E-03 2.9906E-05 -1.7825E-08 3.6934E-12
DB -6.7550E+01 1.9650E+00 -1.3420E-03 2.5700E-07 0.0000E+00
0.9869233
Komponen A Tc n Tb
C6H6 49.888 562.16 0.489 353.24
C8H16 55.443 566.6 0.401 394.44
C10H20 65.577 617.05 0.402 443.75
0.681 C12H24 78.803 657 0.437 486.5
0.786 C14H28 87.015 692 0.418 524.25
0.869 C8H17.C6H5 86.707 729 0.428 537.55
C10H21.C6H5 94.351 753 0.399 571.04
C12H25.C6H5 107.892 774.25 0.429 600.76
C14H29.C6H5 104.834 792 0.38 627.16
HF 41.668 461.15 0.38 292.67
H2O 52.053 647.13 0.321 373.15
C14H29.C6H5 104.834 792 0.38 627.16
DB 200 851.2 0.38 727
Komponen Td Tc A B C
k
C6H6 353.24 562.16 9.0353436319 9.293496307 -4.00383151
C8H16 394.44 566.6 11.430440138 11.75702414 -6.06134435
C10H20 443.75 617.05 12.749368708 13.11363639 -7.19437279
C12H24 489.5 657 14.818121279 15.24149617 -8.97153917
C14H28 524.25 692 15.403566315 15.84366821 -9.47446699
C12H25.C6H5 600.76 774.25 17.675688625 18.1807083 -11.4263386
C8H17.C6H5 537.55 729 14.36837202 14.77889693 -8.58518109
C10H21.C6H5 571.04 753 16.076527026 16.53585637 -10.0525753
C14H29.C6H5 627.16 792 19.2818911 19.83280227 -12.8061503
HF 292.67 461.15 10.770880552 11.07862 -5.49474826
H2O 373.5 647.13 10.740765703 11.04764472 -5.46887803
C14H29.C6H5 627.16 792 19.2818911 19.83280227 -12.8061503
DB 727 851.2 21.400922077 22.01237699 -14.6265084
H2O
323.15
303.15
164535.5455
ENTHALPHY OF FORMATION
Tc)/(1-Tb/Tc))^0.38
1((Tc -T)/(Tc-T1))^0.38 Komponen A B C D
C6H6
C8H16
HVAPTb C10H20
30.75 30750 C12H24
34.39 34390 C14H28
39.36 39360 C8H17.C6H5
43.7 43700 C10H21.C6H5
48.12 48120 C12H25.C6H5
48.92 48920 C14H29.C6H5
53.53 53530 HF
56.8 56800 H2O
57.74 57740 DB
28.42 28420
39.5 39500 DENSITY OF LIQUID
57.74 58000 density = A B-(1-T/Tc)n 683.4458
58
Komponen A B n Tc
C6H6 0.3009 0.2677 0.2818 562.16
C8H16 0.23682 0.25649 0.28571 566.6
E C10H20 0.23981 0.25776 0.28562 617.05
2.7187E-06 C12H24 0.24047 0.25418 0.29662 657
-1.3036E-13 C14H28 0.24037 0.25196 0.30449 692
1.1221E-05 C8H17.C6H5 0.27074 0.25617 0.3263 729
1.4267E-05 C10H21.C6H5 0.24794 0.23857 0.29619 753
-1.3156E-14 C12H25.C6H5 0.2482 0.24353 0.28571 774.25
9.6879E-06 C14H29.C6H5 0.2446 0.24 0.28571 792
1.0848E-05 HF 0.29041 0.1766 0.3733 461.15
4.8810E-13 H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
-9.5588E-06 DB 0.2435 0.22 0.28571 851.2
6.1500E-06
1.8090E-06
Pc TBr ψb αc Q A B C D
atm
48.3395032 0.628362 2.715429 6.83858085 -0.2581527 9.035344 9.2934963 -4.003832 0.258153
25.1665442 0.696152 1.387151 7.65518382 -0.326584 11.43044 11.757024 -6.061344 0.326584
21.3964971 0.719148 1.074014 8.10486966 -0.3642677 12.74937 13.113636 -7.194373 0.364268
18.6528504 0.745053 0.787061 8.81020637 -0.4233749 14.81812 15.241496 -8.971539 0.423375
16.3829268 0.757587 0.67033 9.00981259 -0.4401019 15.40357 15.843668 -9.474467 0.440102
15.5835189 0.775925 0.522629 9.78448777 -0.5050197 17.67569 18.180708 -11.42634 0.50502
19.9358507 0.73738 0.865374 8.65686533 -0.4105249 14.36837 14.778897 -8.585181 0.410525
17.4685424 0.758353 0.663622 9.23925708 -0.4593293 16.07653 16.535856 -10.05258 0.459329
14.0044416 0.791869 0.414418 10.332119 -0.5509112 19.28189 19.832802 -12.80615 0.550911
64.5 0.634652 2.562147 7.43030841 -0.3077394 10.77088 11.07862 -5.494748 0.307739
217.665934 0.577164 4.252584 7.42004081 -0.306879 10.74077 11.047645 -5.468878 0.306879
6.22000021 0.854088 0.137774 11.054598 -0.6114549 21.40092 22.012377 -14.62651 0.611455
D Komponen A B C
HF 17.6958 3404.49 15.06
0.25815268 ¯
0.326584 ¯ Log Pi (mmHg) = A- B/(T+C) T dalam OC
0.36426768 ¯
0.42337489 ¯ beda dikit
0.44010189 ¯
0.50501967 selisih 1
0.41052491 ????
0.45932934 ¯
0.55091117 A seliisih 2 B selisih 1
0.30773944 selisih 4 man !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
0.30687902 B selisih 1
0.55091117 A seliisih 2 B selisih 1
0.61145492 ¯
A B C D
92.053 -0.039953 -0.000211 5.3469E-07
1505.53371
109.287188
hv =hvtb*((1-T/Tc)/(1-Tb/Tc))^0.38
HVAP = HVAP1((Tc -T)/(Tc-T1))^0.38
-
Density 25 (1-T/Tc) (1-t/Tc)^n (1-t/Tc)^n A*B^
0.873 -0.21575 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
0.711 -0.206223 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
0.737 -0.107602 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
0.756 -0.040252 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
0.768 0.012362 0.262455 -0.262455 0.34514687
0.853 0.062489 0.404641 -0.404641 0.46977088
0.852 0.092369 0.493855 -0.493855 0.50316961
0.849 0.11728 0.542086 -0.542086 0.5337564
0.851 0.137063 0.566774 -0.566774 0.54920758
0.941 -0.482047 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
1.027 -0.056118 #NUM! #NUM! #NUM!
0.19708 0.628741 -0.628741 0.63087757
Komponen A Tc n
C6H6
C8H16
C10H20
C12H24
C14H28
C8H17.C6H5 60.535 729 1.3279
C10H21.C6H5 60.054 753 1.343
C12H25.C6H5 53.7 774.26 1.2256
C14H29.C6H5 56.447 792 1.2222
HF
H2O
C14H29.C6H5
DB
Perancangan Menara Distilasi I
Fungsi : Memisahkan produk Linear Alkyl benzene dan heavy alkylate
Tujuan perancangan :
a. Menentukan tipe kolom distilasi
b. Menentukan bahan konstruksi untuk kolom distilasi
c. Menghitung jumlah plate aktual dan lokasi umpan masuk
d. Menghitung dimensi kolom distilasi yang meliputi diameter kolom, tebal shell kolom, tebal head kolom dan ting
Nmin= log((Xlk/Xhk)*Dx(Xhk/Xlk)*B)/logα
log((Xlk/Xhk)*Dx(Xhk/Xlk)*B)/logα = 33.5656143307
33.5656143306759 ~ 34
X= (R - R min) / (R + 1)
0.11802163534
(N-34)/(34+1) = 0.4
N – 34 = 0.4 N + 0.4
N = 0.4 N + 34
0.6 N = 34
N = 56.6666667
Jumlah plate ± 57 plate
Komponen xF μi (cp) XF . μi
0.945910576 0.123 0.116
C12H25.C6H5
C10H21.C6H5
0.01456887247 0.113 0.002
C14H29.C6H5 0.03952055153 0.166 0.007
Total 0.12
m = 0.12
Dari fig.16-4, Smith, didapatkan nilai efisiensi kolom (O’connel) sebesar 87%
Nact = (N/Eo)
Untuk kondensor total dan reboiler total
Nact = 65.1340996169
65.1340996168582 » 66 plate
jadi jumlah plate aktual sebanyak 66 plate 39.68045977
6.3.3. Menentukan lokasi umpan masuk
Persamaan yang dapat digunakan adalah : Fenske
Nr / Ns = Log (Xlk/Xhk)D.(Xhk/Xlk)F
Log (Xlk/Xhk)F.(Xhk/Xlk)D =
dimana :
Nr = jumlah kolom rectifying
Ns = jumlah kolom stripping
Nr = 1 Ss
Nr + Ns + 1 = N aktual
(xlk/xhk)D = 23910.7155366
(xhk/xlk)F = 0.04178043097
(xlk/xhk)F = 23.9346501868
(xhk/xlk)B = 41.7386505423
Nr / Ns = 1
Nr = Ns
Nr + Ns = 65.1
2 Ns = 32.5670498
sehingga umpan masuk pada kolom destilasi antara tray ke 32 dan ke
dihitung dari bawah
Tr = T / Tc = 0.83964591
Pr = P / Pc = 0.14091658
BPc BPc
0,422 0,172 B 0 wB 1 Z 1 ( )
Bº 0,083 - 1
B 0.139 - RTc RTc
Tr 1,6 Tr 4.2
Grafik diplot ke Tr vs Pr dapat Z :
Bo = -0.47515981338
B' = -0.21936409917
BPc/RTc = -0.64723103947
Z= 0.89137613535
rL = å (xi . rLi)
rLi = A.B-(1-T/Tc)^ n ( pers. 8-1, Yaws )
T= 649.83 oK
Komponen A B n Tc
C12H25.C6H5 0.2482 0.24353 0.28571 774.25
C10H21.C6H5 0.24794 0.23857 0.29619 753
C14H29.C6H5 0.2446 0.24 0.28571 792
rL = 0.57329083954 gr/cc
Flv = #DIV/0!
( )( )
0,2
1 δ (persamaan 6.30, Treyball)
Cf = α log +β
Flv 0 ,02
Pada perancangan ini dipilih :
Tray spacing 24 in = 20 0.508 m (tabel 2, Treyball, 162)
a = 0,0744 ts + 0,01173 0.889
= (0,0744 x 0,508) + 0,01173 58.793214559
= 0.0495252
b = 0,0304 ts + 0,015
= (0,0304 x 0,508) + 0,015
= 0.0304432
Komponen XD σ XD x σ
sehingga didapat,
( )( )
0,2
1 δ
Cf = α log +β
Flv 0 ,02
( )( )
0,2
1 δ
Cf = α log +β
Flv 0 ,02
Cf = 0.07014215178
( )
0,5
ρl − ρv (persamaan 6-29, Treyball)
Vf =Cfx
ρv
= 0.4927 m/detik
dari tabel 6-1 Treyball, dirancang panjang weir = 0,7 D dan luas satu downspot sebesar
An
At =
( 1− downspot )
At = 0.00 m2
( )
0,5
4 xAt
D=
π
= 0.00 m x 3.28083 0.00 ft
Tr = T / Tc = 0.86
Pr = P / Pc = 0.18
0,422 0,172
Bº 0,083 - B1 0.139 - Dari fig. 3.8 Coulson hal.76 untuk
Tr 1,6 Tr 4.2
BPc BPc Pr
B 0 wB 1 Z 1 ( )
RTc RTc Tr
Komponen A B n Tc
C12H25.C6H5 0.2482 0.24353 0.28571 774.25
C14H29.C6H5 0.2446 0.24 0.28571 792
( )
0,5
Ql ρv
Flv = x
Qv ρl
Flv = 0.00324091046
( )( )
0,2
1 δ
Cf = α log +β (persamaan 6.30, Treyball)
Flv 0 ,02
Komponen XD σ XD x σ
C12H25.C6H5 0.02339802468 7.61411627 0.17815528033
C14H29.C6H5 0.97660197532 9.30648973 9.0887362563
total 9.26689153663
Cf = 0.06856448584
( )
0,5
ρl− ρv
Vf =Cfx (persamaan 6-29, Treyball)
ρv
= 0.42451144343 m/detik
Dalam perancangan ini, prosentase flooding sebesar 80% , maka :
Vf = 0.42451144343 x 0,80
= 0.33960915474 m/detik
dari tabel 6-1 Treyball, dirancang panjang weir = 0,7 D dan luas satu downspot sebesar
An
At =
( 1− downspot )
At = 0.27811689755 / (1 – 0,0808)
= 0.30256407479 m2
Diameter dasar menara dihitung dengan persamaan :
( )
0,5
4 xAt
D=
π
= 0.62083165384 m = 2.037 ft
P. r
ts= +C
f . E −0,6 P
ts = 0.125 in
P. r
ts= +C
f . E −0,6 P
ts = 0.17105005735 in
digunakan tebal shell standar = 3 in 0.1875
16
P . rc .W
th= +C (persamaan 7.77, Brownell)
(2 . f . E ) −( 0,2. P )
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 0.00 + 0.5
= 0.50 in
P . rc .W
th= +C
(2 . f . E ) −( 0,2 . P )
OD = ID + 2 ts
= 24.44 + 0.375
= 24.82 in
P . rc .W
th= +C
(2 . f . E ) −( 0,2 . P )
P . rc .W
th= +C
(2 . f . E ) −( 0,2 . P )
= 0.20398110031 in
Digunakan tebal head standar = 1/4 in
= in
= m
= in
= m
Tinggi kolom distilasi total = 35 + 0 +
= 35 m
Q
Ax ΔT LMTD
Q
Ax ΔT LMTD
olom, tebal head kolom dan tinggi kolom.
1 ga da
(persamaan 332, Ludwig)
33
377 , 74
= =0,7
539 , 06
2,1
= =0 , 026
79 ,32
ω yi x ω
0.786 0.7740341
0.681 0.0103394
0.869 3.579E-05
0.7844092
BPc Pr
Z 1 ( )
RTc Tr
lb/ft3
P 1 atm
Pr,mix = = =0,0247
Pc,mix 40,5459 atm
Pc,mix= R⋅¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
T 383,96 K
Tr,mix= = =0,6486
Tc,mix 592,0303 K
0,422 0,422
B 0 =0,083− 1,6 =0,083− =−0,7607
Tr 0,5002
0,172 0,172
B 1 =0,139− 4,2
=0,139− =−0 , 9208
Tr 0,1623
B⋅Pc
=B 0 + ϖ⋅B 1=−1 , 0042
R⋅Tc
Z =1+( )
B⋅Pc Pr
R⋅Tc Tr
=0,9618
Z⋅R⋅T 0,9618 x 0,08206 x 3 83 , 96 3
m3/detik V'= = =0,3285 m /kg
m3/detik
P⋅BMmix 1 x 92, 2363
1 3
ρv = =3 , 0441 kg/m
V'
rsamaan 6.30, Treyball)
0.6096
T 394 , 08
T r= = = 0 , 651
Tc 605 , 137
P 2,3
Pr = = =0 , 016
Pc 137 , 782
T 394 , 08
T r= = = 0 , 651
Tc 605 , 137
P 2,3
Pr = = =0 , 016
Pc 137 , 782
lb/ft3
35,670.006 26,200.309
13,505.499
275,900,951
91.769 kmol/jam =
m3/detik 25129.381
m3/detik
70.22789
33 , 957 x 15 , 059
ts= +0 , 125
( 12650 x 0 , 85 )− ( 0,6 x 33 , 957 )
0.00 in
0 in
37 , 191 x 17 , 8779
ts= +0 , 125
( 12650 x 0 , 85 )− ( 0,6 x 37 , 191 )
in
in
( 3 + √ rc icr )
Straight flange, sf = 1,5 – 2,25 in , nilai sf diambil = 2,25 in
(Tabel 5.8 Brownell, 93
ownell, 87)
ownell, 87)
ownell, 87)
ownell, 87)
ownell, 87)
ownell, 87)
0 m
P . B Mc amp 2,1 x 55 , 37
ρ ν = = = 4 , 689 gr / l t = 4 , 689 k g/ m 3
z . R . T 0, 8 x 0 , 08205 x 377 , 74
⋅¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
=3 , 041 gr /lt =3 , 041 kg/ m 3
, 08
(Tabel 5.8 Brownell, 93)
(Tabel 5.8 Brownell, 93)
Menentukan jenis kolom
tipe bubble cup tray
dasar menara
P= 2.10 atm
Trial dew point= 122.34 C= 395.34 K
Trial bubble point= 121.87 C= 394.87 K
umpanmasuk
P= 2.00 atm
Trial dew point= 25.28 C= 298.28
F= 819.1836
D= 215.8935
W= 603.2901
Rmin= 0.0242
R= 0.0302
Lo= 6.5258 286.2418 kg/jam = 0.084529
V= 222.4194 9755.9387 kg/jam = 2.715
Nmin= log((Xlk/Xhk)*Dx(Xhx/Xlk)*B)/logalfa
Xlk/Xhk(d) = 135.9041
Xhk/Xlk(b) = 559.1747
Nmin = 3.5849
Nmin = 4 plates
R-Rmin/R+1 = 0.046422171554
N-Nmin/N+1= 0.65
N teoritis = 12.0998059879
N teoritis = 12 plate
Data Viskositas
Log(Nr/Ns)=0,206*log(W/D*(Xhklk|f)*(Xlkhk|w))
Xhklk|f = 2.8032
Xlkhk|w = 0.0018
W/D = 2.7944
Log(Nr/Ns) = -0.3818
Nr/Ns = 0.4151
Nr+Ns = 19.0000
Ns = 13.4266
Langkah2 perhitungan :
Menghitung Density cairan
Pr = 0.026363209711
Tr = 0.639847334267
0,422
Grafik diplot ke Tr vs Pr dapat Z : Bº 0,083 -
Tr 1,6
Bo = -0.779164758976
B' = -0.98303838445 0,172
B1 0.139 -
BPc/RTc = -0.934873258351 Tr 4.2
Z= 0.961481030797 BPc BPc Pr
B 0 wB 1 Z 1 ( RTc ) Tr
RTc
rho V = 0.003509464569 gr/cc = 3.509464569 kg/m3= 0.219089
Menghitung percepatan volumetrik cairan dan uap
Flv=Ql/Qv*(pho2/rhol)^0,5 = 7.89614E-06
Cf = alfalog(1/Flv)+beta)*(gam/0,02)^0,2
Cf= 0.0579263244
Vf=Cf*(rhoL-rhoV/rhoV)^0,5 = 0.913294808
Downspout 8.81%
At=An/(1-downspot) = 1.161104481
Langkah2 perhitungan :
Menghitung Density cairan
Pr = 0.009636464704
Tr = 0.611212887622
Flv=Ql/Qv*(pho2/rhol)^0,5 = 1.32844E-06
Cf = alfalog(1/Flv)+beta)*(gam/0,02)^0,2
Cf= 0.0579263244
Vf=Cf*(rhoL-rhoV/rhoV)^0,5 = 1.6743
Downspout 8.81%
At=An/(1-downspot) = 1.8049
ts = 0.1955
ID = 47.88135385
OD = 48.38135385
Dipilih OD standar = 54 inch
icr = 3.25
r= 54
W= 1.769049331
sehingga
th = 0.204403345
digunakan tebal head standar = 0.25 (1/4 inc)
ts = 0.19550997
ID = 59.69806166
OD = 60.19806166
Dipilih OD standar = 66 inch
icr = 4
r= 66
W= 1.765504801
sehingga
th = 0.222048532
digunakan tebal head standar = 0.25 (1/4 inc)
Sf dipilih 3 inch
AB = 20.9407 inch
BC = 50.7500 inch
b= 7.7718
OA = 11.0218 inch = 0.2800 m
Menghitung tinggi head dasar
ID = 59.6981
th= 0.25
Sf = 3
Icr = 4
r= 66
AB = 25.8490
BC = 62.0000
b= 9.6455
OA = 12.8955 inch = 0.3275 m
P= 2.00 atm
Suhu = 25.2800 C=
Kmol 6.5258
Komp Fraksi KmolFrax BM
1.0000 6.5258
Kmol 222.4194
Komp Fraksi KmolFrax BM
kg/dtk
kg/dtk Etilen Oksida 0.9927 220.794746 44.053
Air 0.0073 1.62463593 18.015
1.0000 222.4194
Xi
0.9999
0.0001
1.0000
Yi
0.0180
0.9820
1.0000
gr/cc = 875.8999 kg/m3= 54.68064 lb/ft3
w wY
0.1570 0.1559
0.3480 0.0025
0.158395
BPc Pr
Z 1 ( )
RTc Tr
lb/ft3
inch
2.630471 kg/s
w wY
0.1570 0.0003
0.3480 0.3474
0.3477
BPc Pr
Z 1 ( )
RTc Tr
lb/ft3
inch
inchi
inchi
inc
inc
psi
inc
inc
psi
1520 mmHg
298.2800 K
Antoine
Pi K Yi A B C D
0.2404
KgFrax
285.383047
0.85872532
286.2418
KgFrax
9726.67093
29.2678162
9755.9387
9469.697
E
###
###
7. Perancangan Kondensor Menara Distilasi I
Fungsi : mengkondensasikan hasil atas menara distilasi I
Tujuan perancangan :
- Menentukan tipe kondensor uap Hot water
- Menentukan bahan konstruksi
- Menentukan dimensi Kondensor
Tipe : shell and tube E-03
DTLMTD =
30 , 798−7 , 859
=16 , 7954
30 , 798Tavg = ½ (117,259 + 116,798) = 117,0285 oF
ln
7 ,859t avg = ½ (109,4 + 86) = 97,7 oF
v Menghitung UD
Dari tabel 8 Kern hal. 840, untuk sistem light organik sebagai fluida panas dan air sebagai fluida dingin didapat U D =
10
. L.n
=
0 , 00028 x ( 669251 , 0811 ) x 10 x 4
5 , 22 . 10 . D . s . ϕt 5 , 22 x 10 10 x 0 , 0402 x 1 x 1
DPr =
[ ][ ]
2
4n v
Dari
s fig.27
2 g Kern diperoleh
[ ]
=v0,06
2
DP
2 gr =
[= 10,96
4 x4
]( 0psia
, 06 )
jumlah persilangan,
N+1=
12 L 12 x 10
=B 22,22
= » 22 cross
5,4
DPs =
2 2
= 50,7959
2 psi. De . s . = 12
1 ƒ . Gs . Ds . ( N +1 )
, 22 . 1010
0 , 003 x( 21191 , 5879 ) x 2 , 2499 x 22
5 , 22 x 1010 x 0 , 0608 x 0 , 0132
summary :
550 h outside 647,8080
Uc
297,4553
UD
150
Rd calculated
0,0033
Rd required
0,003
0,7959 Calculate 3,35 psi
psi d DP
2,0 psi Allowabl 10,0 psi
e DP
uap Hot water
cooling water
ebagai fluida dingin didapat U D = 75 –150 Btu/jam.ft2.oF, maka dipilih UD = 150 Btu/jam.ft2.oF.
5. MENARA DISTILASI
Kode : KD-02
Fungsi : Memurnikan Styren dari Ethylbenzene.
Tujuan : - menentukan tipe kolom CD-001
PU-401
Plate ke 1
Komposisi cairan L1 yang meninggalkan plate ke 1 dapat diperkirakan dengan anggapan bahwa pada suhu dan tekan
Penentuan kondisi plate dilakukan dengan trial suhu .
Trial suhu plate 1 = 413,7919K
P = 1,1 atm
Distribusi komposisi seimbang pada plate 1:
P= 836 mmHg = 1.1 atm
T= 413.7919 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y1/k y2
EB 0.913936 1.02346470.89298270.893895
Styrene 0.086064 0.80420360.10701730.106105
Total 1 1 1
y2 didapatkan dari persamaan garis operasi atas.
dengan cara yang sama didapat distribusi komposisi untuk tiap plate sebagai berikut:
Plate ke 2
P= 843.6 mmHg = 1.11 atm
T= 414.3389 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.893895 1.02885760.86882250.869914
Styrene 0.106105 0.80886840.13117750.130086
Total 1 1 1
Plate ke 3
P= 851.2 mmHg = 1.12 atm
T= 414.9219 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.869914 1.03528700.84026320.841554
Styrene 0.130086 0.81437970.15973680.158446
Total 1 1 1
Plate ke 4
P= 858.8 mmHg = 1.13 atm
T= 415.5446 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.841554 1.04285980.80696710.808472
Styrene 0.158446 0.820826 0.19303290.191528
Total 1 1 1
Plate ke 5
P= 866.4 mmHg = 1.14 atm
T= 416.2093 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.808472 1.05165410.76876260.770491
Styrene 0.191528 0.82827260.23123740.229509
Total 1 1 1
Plate 6
P= 874 mmHg = 1.15 atm
T= 416.9167 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.770491 1.06170210.72571270.727661
Styrene 0.229509 0.83674760.27428730.272339
Total 1 1 1
Plate 7
P= 881.6 mmHg = 1.16 atm
T= 417.665 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.727661 1.07297270.67817330.680327
Styrene 0.272339 0.84622730.32182670.319673
Total 1 1 1
Plate 8
P= 889.2 mmHg = 1.17 atm
T= 418.4495 K
Kompone y1 k x1 = y/k y2
EB 0.680327 1.08535770.62682280.629151
Styrene 0.319673 0.85662520.37317720.370849
Total 1 1 1
Plate 9
P= 896.8 mmHg = 1.18 atm
T= 419.2625 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.629151 1.09866620.57265010.575109
Styrene 0.370849 0.86778690.42734990.424891
Total 1 1 1
Plate 10
P= 904.4 mmHg = 1.19 atm
T= 420.0938 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.575109 1.11262990.51689160.519425
Styrene 0.424891 0.87949390.48310840.480575
Total 1 1 1
Plate 11
P= 912 mmHg = 1.2 atm
T= 420.9315 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K y2
EB 0.519425 1.12692140.46092410.46347
Styrene 0.480575 0.89147880.53907590.53653
Total 1 1 1
Plate 12
P= 919.6 mmHg = 1.21 atm
T= 421.7628 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.46347 1.14118290.40613120.408627
Styrene 0.53653 0.90344860.59386880.591373
Total 1 1 1
Plate 13
P= 927.2 mmHg = 1.22 atm
T= 422.5757 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.408627 1.15506160.35377040.356158
Styrene 0.591373 0.91511340.64622960.643842
Total 1 1 1
Plate 14
P= 934.8 mmHg = 1.23 atm
T= 423.3597 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.356158 1.16824250.30486630.307098
Styrene 0.643842 0.92621350.69513370.692902
Total 1 1 1
Plate 15
P= 942.4 mmHg = 1.24 atm
T= 424.1068 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.307098 1.18047440.26014830.262192
Styrene 0.692902 0.93654110.73985170.737808
Total 1 1 1
Plate 16
P= 950 mmHg = 1.25 atm
T= 424.8117 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K y15
EB 0.262192 1.19158370.22003620.221871
Styrene 0.737808 0.94595210.77996380.778129
Total 1 1 1
Plate 17
P= 957.6 mmHg = 1.26 atm
T= 425.472 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.221871 1.20147680.18466510.186284
Styrene 0.778129 0.95436750.81533490.813716
Total 1 1 1
Plate 18
P= 965.2 mmHg = 1.27 atm
T= 426.0875 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.186284 1.21013150.15393720.155345
Styrene 0.813716 0.96176750.84606280.844655
Total 1 1 1
Plate 19
P= 980.4 mmHg = 1.29 atm
T= 426.9696 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.155345 1.21729380.127615 0.128822
Styrene 0.844655 0.96821360.872385 0.871178
Total 1 1 1
Plate 20
P= 988 mmHg = 1.3 atm
T= 427.5 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.128822 1.22360690.10528040.106305
Styrene 0.871178 0.97368840.89471960.893695
Total 1 1 1
Disini terlihat bahwa komposisi umpan berada diantara plate ke 19 dan ke 20, jadi umpan masuk diantara plate ke 19
Plate 21
P= 995.6 mmHg = 1.31 atm
T= 427.9941 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.106305 1.22890060.08650410.087366
Styrene 0.893695 0.97832410.91349590.912634
Total 1 1 1
Plate 22
P= 1003.2 mmHg = 1.32 atm
T= 428.4561 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.087366 1.23328960.07083970.071559
Styrene 0.912634 0.98221380.92916030.928441
Total 1 1 1
Plate 23
P= 1010.8 mmHg = 1.33 atm
T= 428.8898 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K y15
EB 0.071559 1.23689050.05785390.05845
Styrene 0.928441 0.98545330.94214610.94155
Total 1 1 1
Plate 24
P= 1018.4 mmHg = 1.34 atm
T= 429.2992 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.05845 1.23981570.04714430.047636
Styrene 0.94155 0.98813460.95285560.952364
Total 1 1 1
Plate 25
P= 1026 mmHg = 1.35 atm
T= 429.6878 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.047636 1.24216870.03834940.038754
Styrene 0.952364 0.99034260.96165060.961246
Total 1 1 1
Plate 26
P= 1033.6 mmHg = 1.36 atm
T= 430.0586 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K y15
EB 0.038754 1.24404190.03115130.031482
Styrene 0.961246 0.99215330.96884870.968518
Total 1 1 1
Plate 27
P= 1041.2 mmHg = 1.37 atm
T= 430.4144 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.031482 1.24551640.02527640.025546
Styrene 0.968518 0.99363330.97472360.974454
Total 1 1 1
Plate 28
P= 1048.8 mmHg = 1.38 atm
T= 430.7576 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.025546 1.24666150.02049190.020712
Styrene 0.974454 0.99483960.97950810.979288
Total 1 1 1
Plate 29
P= 1056.4 mmHg = 1.39 atm
T= 431.09 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.020712 1.24753610.01660220.016781
Styrene 0.979288 0.99582090.98339780.983219
Total 1 1 1
Plate 30
P= 1064 mmHg = 1.4 atm
T= 431.4134 K
Kompone y k X = Y/K Y2
EB 0.016781 1.24818950.01344430.01359
Styrene 0.983219 0.99661770.98655570.98641
Total 1 1 1
Komposisi pada plate ke 30 sudah memenuhi, maka jumlah plate ideal yang dibutuhkan adalah 30 buah.
(
51N Ideal
εo ) ( )
−1=
30
0 , 58
−1≈¿ ¿
( ) plate(aktualnya
N Ideal
Jumlah
εo
−1=
30
) adalah 51 buah.
0 , 58
−1≈¿ ¿
a. menghitung BM campuran.
BM campuran dihitung berdasarkan persentase keberadaannya dalam campuran.
komponenXD BM xi . BM
EB 0.1344 106 14.242746
Styrene 0.8656 104 90.025985
Total 1.0000 104.26873
BM campuran = 104,27 kg/kmol
( VL )×( konstanta
dengan ρ ) a dan b didapatkan:
0,5
ρv
a = 0.0774t + 0,01173
b=0,0304t + 0,015
dimana t adalah tray spacing dalam satuan meter.
Direncanakan tray spacing sebesar 20 in ( 0,508 m), sehingga:
a = 0,0495
b = 0,0304
t = 7,285 . 10-4 N/m
sehingga didapatkan:
Cf = 0,047866
( 4 ×10
4⋅A t
0,5
=
π
a. menghitung BM campuran.
komponenXB BM xi . BM
EB 0.001962 106 0.2080078
Styrene 0.998038 104 103.79592
Total 1 104.00392
{ } { 0 ,τ02 }
0,2
1
α⋅Log +β ×
( )×( )
0,5
L ρv
Dari tabel 6.2. treyball dalam hubungan antara harga V ρl
( VL )×( konstanta
dengan ρ ) a dan b didapatkan:
0,5
ρ
v
a = 0.0774t + 0,01173
b=0,0304t + 0,015
dimana t adalah tray spacing dalam satuan meter.
Direncanakan tray spacing sebesar 20 in ( 0,508 m), sehingga:
a = 0,0495
b = 0,0304
t = 1,37 . 10-4 N/m
sehingga didapatkan:
Cf = 0,017654
f. menghitung kecepatan flooding.
Vf =
Cf
(
0,262
ρv )
ρ l m/det
− ρ v 0,5
=0 , 017654 × (
Faktor koreksi 80% maka
4 , 11 ) =
909 , 92 −4 , 11 0,5
( 4 ×4,3 )
4⋅A t 0,5
D= = =
π π
f 12650
E = 0,8
C = 0,125
Tebal shell dapat dihitung dengan :
P.r
ts=
dimana:
fE−0,6 P
P design = 1,1 x 1,4x 20,58 psia = 22,6 psia
ravg =
4,98 ft =59,78
7,7 +12 , 25
2 ×2
= in
Sehingga:
0,2589
ts= in
22 , 6×59 , 78
12650×0,8 −0,6 ×22 , 6
+ 0 , 125 =
( ( ) ) ( ( ))
1,73 1 8 rc 0,5 1 144
0,5
W= 3+ = × 3+ =
174in, 787×54×1
0,344 icr ,73 4 3
th= +0 ,125=
9
digunakan tebal standar 1/2 in., 787 8
2×0,8×12650−0,2×17
( ( ))
0,98 1 8 rc 0,5
( ( ) )
0,5
1 90
W= 3+ = × 3+ =
224in, 63×90×0.
0,223 icr 98 4 7
th=
digunakan tebal standar 5/16 in
+0 , 8125=
5
2×0,8×12650−0,2×22 ,63
ID = 147,066 in
th = 1/2 in
icr 9
3
sf ###
8
r 144
IDin 147 , 066
73,53
a= = =
b=r− √ ( BC
2 22 2
AB =
) −( AB )
64,158
ID
2
−icrin=147 ,2066 −9 , 375 =
BC = r – icr = 144 – 9,375 = 134,625 in
25,65 in
b=144− ( √
134,625
OA = th + b + sf
) 2
− ( 73 ,53 ) 2
=
OA = 0,5 + 25,65 + 2 = 28,15 in
6. KONDENSOR
Kode : C-02
Fungsi : Mengembunkan uap hasil atas kolom distilasi II
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan jenis kondensor
2. Menentukan dimensi kondensor
3. Menghitung faktor kekotoran
4. Menghitung pressure drop
uap
water out
Tin = 30o C = 86 o F
Tout = 45 o C = 113 o F
Wt = 480027,4 kg/jam =1058278 lb/jam
Fluida panas = hasil atas kolom distilasi II (shell)
Tin = 285,8 o F
Tout = 285,4 o F
Ws = 85114,78 kg/jam = 187645,7 lb/jam
Beban panas = 7200411 kcal / jam = 28573540 Btu /jam
1. Menentukan jenis kondensor
Kondensor yang dipilih adalah shell and tube dengan pertimbangan dengan asumsi awal luas perpindahan pana
T2=113 o F T1=86 o F
Δt1 = T1 – t2 = 172,425 o F
Δt2 = T2 - t1 = 199,8oF
ΔT LMTD =
172 , 425− 199 , 8
= 185,98 F
ln (
199 , 8
o
172 , 425
)
HOT COLD
FLUID : FLUID :t
shell side ube side ,
, uap air
* as =
ID x
C ' xB * Flow
144 xPT area , at’
= 0,546
in2.
= 27 x at’ =
0,25x22 Ntxat '
144x1,25 144 xn =
=1,289
ft2.
334 x0 ,546 '
= 0,6332
ft2.
144 x2
* Gs =
W * Gt =
=as w
1058278 at =
=1,289 1058278
820967,2 0 , 6332
lb /
jam.ft
=
296341,2
36 lb
/jam.ft2
Pada T = *
tc = 95,5 Menghit
F ung
bilangan
Reynold
m = 1,4 Pada Tc
cp = = 285,6
3,388 lb /
jam.ft
De = m = 0,02
0,72 in. = cP
0,06 ft.
Res = =
0,0484
lb/ft.hr
DexGs D=
μ 0,834 in
= =
0,0695 ft
0,06x820967,2 D×Gt
=3,388 Re=
μ
14538,97
0 , 0695×296341 , 236
Re=
0 , 0484
jH = 60 * Pada
Re=425531
Re = , 321
425331,3
21
diperoleh
nilai
Pada jH =
T=95,5 F 400
K=1 k=
0,03
C = 0,43 c=
0,58
K(cm/ K(cm/
k)1/3 = k)1/3 =
1,133628 0,029343
Btu/jam.f Btu/jam.f
t2. ( F/ft) t2. ( F/ft)
Fs = 1,0 Ft = 1,0
ho = jH hi = jH
( ) =(D400
k ) x
kcμ
3-Jan kcμ
3-Jan
=D 60
k x
1,133628 0 ,029343
=0,06 = 0168,88
,0695
1133,628
hio = hi
xID
=OD
0,834
168,88×
= 140,85 1
f = 0,002 f
ft2. / in2. = 0,0001
ft2. / in2.
S =1 S
= 0,9
No. of DPt =
crosses ,
N+1 =
12 ( L /
B)
2
N+1 = fxG t xLxn
12 x
5 , 22 x 1010 xDxsx Φt
16
= 8,73
22 Ds =
= 2,25 ft
De 0. 0001 x 296341,236 2 x 16 x 2
= 0,06 ft 10
5 ,22 x 10 x 0 , 0695 x 0,9 x 1
DPs = =
8,45psi
fxGs2 xDsxN +1
5 , 22 x 1010 xDexs
=
0, 002 x 802967 ,22 x8 ,73 x16
5 ,22 x 1010 x 0,06 x1
= 0,08
psi
SUMMARY
SHELL : TUBE :
hot fluid cold fluid
### ho , 140,85
Btu /
jam.ft2.o
F
UC =
125,28Bt
u/
jam.ft2.o
F
UD =
109,81
Btu /
jam.ft2.o
F
Rd
perhitung
an =
0,0011
Rd
minimu
m=
0,0001
0,08 DP 8,45
perhitung
an , psi
2 DP 10
diijinkan
, psi
7. REBOILER
Kode : RB-02
Fungsi : Menguapkan kembali produk bawah menara distilasi II
Tujuan : 1. Menentukan jenis reboiler
2. Menentukan dimensi reboiler
3. Menghitung faktor kekotoran.
4. Menghitung pressure drop.
Steam
Δt1 = T1 – t2 = 74.644357 F
Δt2 = T2 - t1 = 74.63707 F
ΔT LMTD =
= 74,72
74 F
, 644357−74 , 63707
74 ,644357
ln ( )
74 ,63707
1.2. Menentukan harga UD
Untuk sistem perpindahan panas antara steam dengan light organic memiliki
harga UD =100 – 200 Btu / jam.ft2. F
Pada perancangan ini dipilih harga UD = 136 Btu / jam.ft2. F
!.3 Menentukan spesifikasi tube
= 1 in.
14
= 0,834 in.
= a0,546
t’ in2.
ao = 0,2618 ft2.
= 16 ft.
1.4. Menghitung luas perpindahan panas
Beban panas = 6744535 lcal/jam
= 26764478 btu/jam
A=
=Q
26764478
= 2647,3216
UDx
136 Δt , 72 ft2.
x 74
HOT COLD
FLUID : FLUID :
tube shell side
side , , Bottom
Steam
* Flow as = ID x
area , at’
= 0,546
in2.
at’ = C ' xB
Ntxat ' =14437xPT
x
144 xn
= 0,25 x 30
632 x 0, 546 '
= 0,599 144 x1,25 =
ft2.
144 x 4 2,4088
ft2.
* Gt = * Gs =
W W
=at =as
215481,9 27543,15
0 ,599 2 , 4088
215481,9 27543,15
= 0 ,599 =2 , 4088
359685,9 11434,13
39 lb / lb /
jam.ft2 jam.ft
Pada T = Pada T =
392 F 2317,35
F
m = m =
0,015 cp 0,018 cp
= 0,0363 =
lb / 0,04356
jam.ft lb /
jam.ft
D= De =
0,834 in. 0,72 in. =
= 0,0695 0,06 ft.
ft.
Re = Res =
DexG DexGs
= μ = μ
0 , 0695 x 359685
0, 06 x, 11434,13
939
= =
0 , 0363 0, 04356
688654,8 15749,49
98
Pada Re
=
688654,8
98
diperoleh
nilai
jH =
500
k=
0,067
c=
0,61
K(cm/
k)1/3 =
0,04632
Btu/jam.f
t2. ( F/ft)
Ft = 1,0
ho = jH
( )
kcμ
3-Jan
=D 500
k x ·
hio
for
cond
ensin
g
stea
m=
1500
0,04632
=0,067
333,26
hio = hi
xID
OD
0,834
=333,26×
1
3. Menghitung
=277 , 94 faktor kekotoran
Clean overall coefficient , UC
UC =
hioxho
=
= 234,488
hio+
277
Btu / jam.ft2. F
277 , 94 x 1500
ho+ 1500
, 94
Faktor kekotoran
Rd =
UC−UD
=
=UCxUD
0,0031
234 , 48−135 , 3
234 , 48 x 135 ,3
Rd minimum
Harga fouling factor untuk :
- treated bfw = 0,001
- liquid organic = 0,001
Rd min = 0,002
4. Menghitung pressure drop
TUBE SHELL
SIDE SIDE
Res =
15749,49
Pada f =
Re = 0,0017
6886 ft2. / in2.
54,9
f= S = 0,84
0,0001
ft2. /
in2.
S =91
No. of
crosses ,
N+1
=12(L /
B)
DPt = N+1 =
12 x
16
fxG 2t xLxn
= 6,4
5 , 22 x 1010Ds30 = 37
xDxsx Φt/
12 = 3,08
ft.
= De =
0,72/12 =
0,06 ft
0. 0001 x 359685 .939 2 x 16 x 4
5 , 22 x 1010*x 0DPs
, 0695= x0 , 91 x 1
= fxGs 2 xDsx (N +1 )
0,2psi 5 , 22 x 1010 xDexsX ΦS
=
2
0 , 0017 x 11434,13 x 3, 08 x 6,4
= 50,002
, 22 x 1010 x 0 , 06 x0 ,84 x 1
psi
Ringkasan:
TUBE : SHELL
hot fluid : cold
fluid
1500 ho , Btu / 277,94
jam.ft2.
F
UC =
234,5
Btu /
jam.ft2.
F
UD =
135,3
Btu /
jam.ft2.F
Rd
perhitung
an =
0.0031
Rd
minimu
m =0,002
0,2 DP 0,002
perhitung
an , psi
2 DP 10
diijinkan
, psi
D-001
Vent
AC-01
RB-01
U-401
asi dan konsep kesetimbangan fase yang digunakan secara berurutan dan bergantian.
wa pada suhu dan tekanan tertentu komposisi uap dan cairannya berada dalam keseimbangan.
asuk diantara plate ke 19 dan plate ke 20 dihitung dari atas.
ah 30 buah.
ndisi umpan maka pada kondisi ideal umpan dimasukkan diantara plate ke 19 dan ke 20 dari atas menara. Pada kondisi aktual tem
×104 ,27
=
205×414
×104 ,27
=
942 ×104 , 27
=
3 , 3765
6 ×104
=
9 , 92
804 , 5942 ×104
= =
4 , 11
l luas perpindahan panas yang ada lebih dari 200 ft 2
0 Btu / jam.ft2. o F
e inilah feed dimasukkan.
Pada kondisi aktual tempat dimasukkannya umpan adalah pada tray ke 32 dan 33 dihitung dari atasa menara.
8. Reboiler Menara Distilasi 1 (E-02)
Fungsi : Menguapkan hasil bawah menara distilasi 1
Tujuan perancangan :
- Menentukan tipe reboiler
- Menentukan dimensi reboiler
Tipe : Shell and tube –kettle reboiler
Data operasi :
v Fluida panas : steam
Suhu masuk : 200 oC = 392 oF
Suhu keluar : 200 oC = 392 oF
Laju alir massa (W) : 3259,2732 kg/jam
: 7185,3465 lb/jam
v Fluida dingin : cairan hasil bawah menara distilasi 1
Suhu masuk : 414,731 oK = 141, 731 oC = 287,1158 oF
Suhu keluar : 463,275 oK = 190,275 oC = 374,495 oF
Laju alir massa (W) : 13562,9457 kg/jam
: 29906,2953 lb/jam
v Beban panas (Q): 1509248,7230 kkal/jam
: 5988698,933 Btu/jam
v Menghitung UD
Dari tabel 8 Kern hal. 840 untuk sistem perpindahan panas antara light organic dan steam mempunyai harga U D = 10
v Memilih jenis ukuran pipa (Tabel 10 Kern)
OD = 1 in
BWG 12
L = 12 ft
Ao = 0,2618 ft2/lin ft
at’ = 0,479 in2
ID = 0,782 in
( )
ID
hio
OD= 1500 x
(=01173
,782
1 )Btu/jam ft2 oF
v Fluida dingin (cairan hasil bawah distilasi) : shell side
Menghitung luas area dalam shell
C = Pt – OD = 1 ¼ - 1 = 0,25 in
B = 1/5 x IDs = 1/5 x 23,25 = 4,65
as =
IDxCxB
=
23,25x
144 xPt0,25ft2x4 ,65
= 0,1501
144 x1,25
Menghitung kecepatan massa dalam shell
Gs =
=Ws
=29906 , 2953
as199242,4737
De0=,1501
0,72
= 0,06 ft (Fig. 28 Kern, hal. 838)
m12= 0,41 cp = 0,9922 lb/ft jam
Res =
De
= .Gs
0=,06
12048,5269
μ x 199242 ,4737
0, 9922
De .Gs
0 ,06
μ x 199242 ,4737
jH = 620, 9922 (Fig. 28 Kern, hal. 838)
k = 0,220 Btu/jam ft oF
cp = 0,68 Btu/lb oF
( )
1/3
ho k cx μ
=
= jHxx x
62
φs De k
( )( )
1/3
0 ,22 0 ,68 x 0,9922
x
= 697,1859
0 ,06 0Btu/jam
,22 ft2 oF
ho
ho= xφs x 1
= 697,1859
φs
= 697,1859 Btu/jam ft2 oF
Rd calculated 0,0031
Rd required 0,003