Rev 4 - Fix - Pedoman Ta Farmasi 2021-Lampiran All (Tanpa Peraturan Dekan)
Rev 4 - Fix - Pedoman Ta Farmasi 2021-Lampiran All (Tanpa Peraturan Dekan)
PANDUAN PELAKSANAAN
TUGAS AKHIR
PRODI FARMASI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA
2021
SAMPUL………………………………………………………………………………. ii
DAFTAR ISI ………………………………………………………………………….. iii
SALINAN PERATURAN DEKAN FMIPA UII …………………………………….. iv
PEDOMAN PELAKSANAAN TUGAS AKHIR …………………………………… 1
A. Bentuk dan Format Penulisan …………………………..................................... 1
B. Tata Letak dan Penulisan …………………………………………………….. 17
C. Penulisan Publikasi Ilmiah ……………………………………………………. 22
Lampiran ……………………………………………………………………………… 26
Penulisan Tugas Akhir terdiri atas 2 bagian yakni, Proposal Skripsi dan Skripsi.
Adapun jenis penelitian Proposal Skripsi dan Skripsi terdapat 2 bentuk, yaitu Bentuk
Penelitian dan Kajian Literatur. Perbedaan Bentuk Penelitian dan Bentuk Kajian Literatur
dijabarkan sebagai berikut :
1. Proposal
a. Proposal Penelitian
Proposal Penelitian sebagai persyaratan pelaksanaan seminar terdiri atas :
a) Halaman judul
b) Halaman persetujuan pembimbing
c) Daftar isi
d) Intisari
e) Bab I Pendahuluan (latar belakang, rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian,
luaran penelitian)
f) Bab II Studi Pustaka (berisi kajian singkat penelitian sejenis yang terbaru
yang didukung dengan teori)
g) Bab III Metode penelitian
h) Daftar Pustaka
i) Jadwal Penelitian
Proposal Penelitian ditulis dengan huruf Times New Roman 12, spasi 1,5,
dengan jumlah maksimal 15 halaman keseluruhan. Paragraf diketik dengan batas
kanan 3 cm, atas 4 cm, kiri 4 cm, dan bawah 3 cm dengan format terlampir.
2. Skripsi
Skripsi baik bentuk Penelitan maupun Kajian Literatur dibagi dalam tiga bagian
yakni awal, isi, dan akhir.
a. Bagian Awal
Bagian awal skripsi terdiri atas :
a) Halaman Sampul h) Daftar Isi
b) Halaman Judul i) Daftar Tabel
c) Halaman Persetujuan j) Daftar Gambar
d) Halaman Pengesahan k) Daftar Singkatan (jika ada)
e) Halaman Pernyataan Orisinalitas l) Daftar Persamaan (jika ada)
f) Kata Pengantar/Ucapan Terima Kasih m) Intisari
g) Halaman Persembahan (jika ada) n) Abstract
Lebih rinci tentang format dari masing-masing item diatas adalah sebagai
berikut :
b. Bagian Isi
Bagian Isi Skripsi Bentuk Penelitian
Bagian tubuh/ pokok memuat uraian/ penjabaran/ analisis yang
dilakukan oleh penulis. Penjabaran mencakup pendahuluan, tinjauan
pustaka, metode penelitian, dan hasil serta pembahasannya.
Sistematika yang dipakai dalam penulisan skripsi adalah sebagai
berikut:
a) Judul tiap bab harus diawali dengan kata “BAB”, ditulis dengan huruf
besar (kapital), ditulis tebal, dan simetris di tengah, tanpa diakhiri dengan
titik. Urut-urutan Bab ditulis dengan menggunakan angka romawi
misalnya I, II, III dst.
b) Sub judul ditulis simetris di tengah, huruf yang mengawali tiap kata
dimulai dengan huruf besar (kapital) kecuali kata penghubung dan kata
depan, dicetak tebal, tanpa diakhiri dengan titik. Kalimat pertama
sesudah sub judul diawali dengan alinea baru. Urut-urutan sub judul
ditulis dengan menggunakan angka misalnya 1, 2, 3, dst.
c) Anak sub judul ditulis mulai dari batas tepi kiri tetapi hanya huruf
pertama dari kata awal saja yang berupa huruf besar (kapital), dicetak
tebal, tanpa diakhiri dengan titik. Kalimat pertama sesudah anak sub
judul dimulai dengan alinea baru. Urut-urutan anak sub judul ditulis
dengan menggunakan angka arab misalnya 1, 2, 3, dst. Contoh:
BAB II
STUDI PUSTAKA
Lebih rinci tentang sistematika penulisan bagian isi dalam skripsi bentuk
penelitian adalah sebagai berikut :
1. BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Pendahuluan ditulis paling banyak 2 halaman.
6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Cara penulisan daftar pustaka dapat dilihat pada tata cara penulisan
daftar referensi proposal penelitian dan skripsi.
b) Jurnal
Judul jurnal harus disingkat. Singkatan jurnal bisa dilihat secara
online di List of Journals in MEDLINE with abbreviations atau di
Medical Journal Abbreviations (Internationally recognised
abbreviations for journal titles). Contoh:
8. Lampiran
Dalam lampiran (jika ada) terdapat keterangan atau informasi yang
diperlukan pada penelitian, misalnya gambar, tabel, kuesioner dan
sifatnya hanya melengkapi usulan penelitian. Bukti Surat keterangan
kelaikan etik/ ethical clearance harus dilampirkan pada penelitian yang
memenuhi kriteria.
Untuk penelitian bidang farmasi klinis dan SBA wajib menyerahkan
bukti orisinalitas penelitian, misalnya inforedm consent atau keterangan
telah melakukan penelitian dari pihak rumah
sakit/puskesmas/apotek/tempat pengambilan sampel yang lain yang
ditandatangani dan diberi stempel dari tempat tersebut, atau bukti isian
kuisioner dari responden.
1. BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Elemen dari pendahuluan paling sedikit terdiri dari tiga paragraf
yang mampu menggambarkan: (1) Latar belakang yang memuat topik
umum, masalah, atau bidang perhatian untuk mendeskripsikan konteks
kajian liteartur. (2) "Masalah" dapat berupa tren, perspektif baru,
kesenjangan, konflik, atau suatu masalah. (3) Motivasi / justifikasi, yang
memuat alasan penulis untuk melakukan kajian literatur, uraian
pendekatan dan organisasi teks. Secara rinci pada pendahuluan meliputi
deskripsi konteks (paragraf 1 - 3), motivasi untuk mengkaji literatur
(paragraf 4, kalimat 1), dan mendefinisikan fokus (paragraf 4, kalimat 2 -
3).
Bagian akhir bab I ini dengan menuliskan luaran penelitian yang
diperoleh minimal pada jurnal nasional terindeks Sinta 6 dengan status
minimal submitted. Nama jurnal, website dan ISSN dicantumkan dengan
lengkap (bukti status artikel (screenshoot atau surat keterangan dari tim
editor jurnal harus dicantumkan pada lampiran).
5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Penulisan daftar Pustaka mengacu pada daftar pustaka skripsi.
4. Persamaan Matematika
Persamaan matematika lebih baik ditulis dalam bentuk yang lazim dalam
matematika walaupun dalam satu baris. Semua persamaan matematika ditulis dengan
tabulasi 1,5 cm dari kiri dan harus mempunyai nomor yang diletakkan di sebelahnya
dan rata kanan terhadap batas kanan pengetikan. Persamaan matematika tidak perlu
diberi kotak pembatas.
Contoh :
I = (V0-V)x 100% (3.2)
5. Penulisan Bilangan
a. Bilangan ditulis dengan angka kecuali pada permulaan kalimat, angka harus
ditulis lengkap (dieja).
Contoh :
Sampel diambil secara random sebanyak 10 buah ….
Sepuluh buah sampel diambil secara random...
b. Bilangan desimal ditandai dengan koma, bukan titik.
c. Satuan yang digunakan haruslah satuan resmi yang berlaku tanpa titik di
belakangnya.
Contoh : mg, ml, kal, cm
Sesuai Peraturan UII No 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Proses Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
di Lingkungan UII, publikasi karya ilmiah menjadi salah satu standar kelulusan. Oleh
karena itu, saat ujian skripsi (pendadaran), mahasiswa wajib mengunggah naskah
publikasi disamping naskah skripsi pada SIM TA serta wajib mengawal proses
publikasi hingga penerbitannya sesuai arahan pembimbing.
Naskah publikasi ini menjadi syarat ujian skripsi, yang akan diperiksa oleh tim
penguji skripsi. Format publikasi sesuai rekomendasi pembimbing dapat berupa :
1. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi (JIF)
2. Jurnal nasional lainnya minimal terindeks Sinta 6
3. Jurnal internasional (bukan kategori predatory journal atau diterbitkan oleh
predatory publisher)
4. Prosiding seminar
Jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang dituju sebagai target luaran sudah
spesifik, misalnya publikasi ke Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia (JKKI)
ataupun ke International Journal of Pharmaceutics (IJP). Format jurnal mengikuti
panduan Instruction for Author jurnal target dan wajib diunduh serta dapat ditunjukkan
ke penguji saat ujian.
Publikasi ilmiah dapat merupakan gabungan 2 atau lebih mahasiswa dengan
mencantumkan pembimbing sebagai penulis. Penulis nama pertama dan penulis
korespondensi ditentukan atas rekomendasi dan persetujuan pembimbing.
Abstract
Merupakan terjemahan intisari yang ditulis dalam Bahasa Inggris.
Pendahuluan/Background
Pendahuluan hendaknya bersumber dari literatur berkualitas yang menunjukkan
alasan ketertarikan peneliti terhadap penelitian/kajian literatur yang dilakukan.
Selain itu, nilai keterbaruan (novelty) penelitian/kajian literatur yang salah satunya
dengan membandingkan dengan penelitian/kajian literatur sebelumnya sehingga
memunculkan perbedaan/keterbaruan dengan penelitian/kajian literatur yang telah
Kesimpulan/Conclusions
Kesimpulan harus menjawab tujuan penelitian dan tidak menulis ulang hasil/temuan
penelitian.
Daftar Pustaka/References
Pustaka menggunakan sumber literatur primer berkualitas terutama maksimal 10
tahun terakhir. Penulisannya menggunakan software (zotero, endnote, mandeley, dan
lain-lain). Style penulisan daftar pustakan menyesuaikan ketentuan jurnal target.
DPPM UII, 2020, Buku Panduan Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, UII
UJIAN SKRIPSI
Oleh:
NAMA MAHASISWA
NIM Huruf besar, tebal, font 14, spasi 1,5
SKRIPSI
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Farmasi (S.Farm.)
Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam
Universitas Islam Indonesia
Font 12,
spasi
1,5
Oleh:
NAMA MAHASISWA
NIM Huruf besar, tebal, font 14, spasi
1,5
SKRIPSI
JUDUL SKRIPSI Huruf besar, font 14
NIM
oleh :
Huruf besar, font 12, spasi 1,5
NAMA MAHASISWA
NIM
Latar belakang logo UII 5,5 x 6,5 cm
(kuning transparan)
Tanggal : ……………..
Mengetahui,
Dekan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Huruf normal,
font 12, spasi
Universitas Islam Indonesia 1,5
PERNYATAAN
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa dalam skripsi ini tidak terdapat karya yang pernah
diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar kesarjanaan di suatu Perguruan Tinggi dan sepanjang
pengetahuan saya juga tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang pernah ditulis atau
diterbitkan oleh orang lain kecuali yang secara tertulis diacu dalam naskah ini dan
diterbitkan dalam daftar pustaka.
Tanda tangan
Nama Mahasiswa
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT, karena atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya,
saya dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Penulisan skripsi ini dilakukan dalam rangka
memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Farmasi Prodi Farmasi Fakultas
MIPA Universitas Islam Indonesia.Saya menyadari bahwa, tanpa bantuan dan bimbingan
dari berbagai pihak, dari masa perkuliahan sampai pada penyusunan skripsi ini, sangatlah
sulit bagi saya untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Oleh karena itu, saya mengucapkan terima
kasih kepada:
(1) Dr. A, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah menyediakan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran
untuk mengarahkan saya dalam penyusunan skripsi ini;
(2) pihak RS X yang telah banyak membantu dalam usaha memperoleh data yang saya
perlukan;
(3) dst…
Akhir kata, saya berharap semoga Allah Swt berkenan membalas segala kebaikan
semua pihak yang telah membantu. Semoga skripsi ini membawa manfaat bagi
pengembangan ilmu dan pengetahuan.
Penulis
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Studi Stabilitas Sediaan Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Asam
Mefenamat dengan Asam Oleat sebagai Fase Minyak
Latar belakang: Asam mefenamat merupakan obat anti inflamasi non steroidal
(AINS) dengan kelarutan yang rendah di dalam air. Salah satu cara untuk
meningkatkan kelarutan dan bioavailabilitas asam mefenamat membuatnya dalam
bentuk sediaan Self Nano-Emulsifying Delivery Drug System (SNEDDS)
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stabilitas SNEDDS asam
mefenamat terhadap berbagai studi stabilitas yang dilakukan
Metode: Uji stabilitas dilakukan dengan uji sentrifugasi, uji siklus panas-dingin, uji
siklus beku-cair, uji ketahanan, uji penyimpanan dipercepat, dan uji kadar.
Hasil: Hasil dari evaluasi uji sentrifugasi yaitu tidak terjadi pemisahan, pada uji siklus
panas-dingin dan uji siklus beku-cair tetap stabil dan tidak terjadi pemisahan fase.
Hasil dari uji ketahanan dan uji penyimpanan dipercepat menunjukkan 2 formula
SNEDDS asam mefenamat yang memiliki stabilitas yang baik dengan komponen Asam
Oleat 10%, Tween 80 80%, PEG 400 10% dan Asam Oleat 10%, Tween 80 70%, PEG
400 20%. Pada uji kadar diperoleh kadar asam mefenamat selama penyimpanan
pada formula diatas adalah 98,20 ± 0,04 % dan 90,98 ± 0,06 %.
Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan sediaan SNEDDS asam mefenamat memiliki
stabilitas yang baik terhadap berbagai studi stabilitas yang dilakukan.
No Kriteria penilaian
1 Ide Penelitian
2 Pembuatan Desain Penelitian
3 Penyusunan Proposal
No Kriteria penilaian
1 Sikap Profesional dan Etika
2 Abstrak
3 Pendahuluan (Latar Belakang, Tujuan Kajian Literatur)
No Kriteria penilaian
1 Presentasi
2 Pemahaman Terhadap Desain Penelitiannya
3 Pemahaman terkait Tema Penelitiannya
4 Kualitas Manuskrip
No Kriteria penilaian
1 Sikap Profesional dan Etika
Intisari
(Terstruktur/Tidak terstruktur Sesuai Bentuk Kajian Literatur
2
yang dipilih-Narrative Review, Scoping Review, Systematic
Review)
Pendahuluan (Latar Belakang, Tujuan Kajian Literatur,
3
Luaran Kajian Literatur)
6. Kesimpulan
8. Ketepatan menjawab
Reviewer Date
The authors should provide clear inclusion (and exclusion criteria where appropriate) for the study
participants. The inclusion/exclusion criteria should be specified (e.g., risk, stage of disease
progression) with sufficient detail and all the necessary information critical to the study.
2. Was the condition measured in a standard, reliable way for all participants included in
the case series?
The study should clearly describe the method of measurement of the condition. This should be done in
a standard (i.e. same way for all patients) and reliable (i.e. repeatable and reproducible results) way.
3. Were valid methods used for identification of the condition for all participants included
in the case series?
Many health problems are not easily diagnosed or defined and some measures may not be capable of
including or excluding appropriate levels or stages of the health problem. If the outcomes were
assessed based on existing definitions or diagnostic criteria, then the answer to this question is likely
to be yes. If the outcomes were assessed using observer reported, or self-reported scales, the risk of
over- or under-reporting is increased, and objectivity is compromised. Importantly, determine if the
measurement tools used were validated instruments as this has a significant impact on outcome
assessment validity.
Methods
Trial design 3a Description of trial design (such as parallel, factorial) including
allocation ratio
3b Important changes to methods after trial commencement
(such as eligibility criteria), with reasons
Participants 4a Eligibility criteria for participants
4b Settings and locations where the data were collected
Interventions 5 The interventions for each group with sufficient details to allow
replication, including how and when they were
actually administered
Outcomes 6a Completely defined pre-specified primary and secondary
outcome measures, including how and when they
were assessed
6b Any changes to trial outcomes after the trial commenced, with
reasons
Sample size 7a How sample size was determined
7b When applicable, explanation of any interim analyses and
stopping guidelines
Randomisation:
Sequence 8a Method used to generate the random allocation sequence
generation 8b Type of randomisation; details of any restriction (such as
blocking and block size)
Allocation 9 Mechanism used to implement the random allocation
sequence (such as sequentially numbered containers),
CONSORT 2010 checklist Page 1
concealment describing any steps taken to conceal the sequence until
interventions were assigned
mechanism
Implementation 10 Who generated the random allocation sequence, who enrolled
participants, and who assigned participants to
interventions
Blinding 11a If done, who was blinded after assignment to interventions (for
example, participants, care providers, those
Discussion
Limitations 20 Trial limitations, addressing sources of potential bias,
imprecision, and, if relevant, multiplicity of analyses
Generalisability 21 Generalisability (external validity, applicability) of the trial
findings
Interpretation 22 Interpretation consistent with results, balancing benefits and
harms, and considering other relevant evidence
*We strongly recommend reading this statement in conjunction with the CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration for important clarifications on all the items. If relevant, we also
recommend reading CONSORT extensions for cluster randomised trials, non-inferiority and equivalence trials, non-pharmacological treatments, herbal interventions, and pragmatic trials.
Additional extensions are forthcoming: for those and for up to date references relevant to this checklist, see www.consort-statement.org.
Item
No Recommendation
Title and abstract 1 (a) Indicate the study’s design with a commonly used term in the title or the abstract
(b) Provide in the abstract an informative and balanced summary of what was done
and what was found
Introduction
Background/rationale 2 Explain the scientific background and rationale for the investigation being reported
Objectives 3 State specific objectives, including any prespecified hypotheses
Methods
Study design 4 Present key elements of study design early in the paper
Setting 5 Describe the setting, locations, and relevant dates, including periods of recruitment,
exposure, follow-up, and data collection
Participants 6 (a) Cohort study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of
selection of participants. Describe methods of follow-up
Case-control study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of
case ascertainment and control selection. Give the rationale for the choice of cases
and controls
Cross-sectional study—Give the eligibility criteria, and the sources and methods of
selection of participants
(b) Cohort study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and number of
exposed and unexposed
Case-control study—For matched studies, give matching criteria and the number of
controls per case
Variables 7 Clearly define all outcomes, exposures, predictors, potential confounders, and effect
modifiers. Give diagnostic criteria, if applicable
Data sources/ 8* For each variable of interest, give sources of data and details of methods of
measurement assessment (measurement). Describe comparability of assessment methods if there
is more than one group
Bias 9 Describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias
Study size 10 Explain how the study size was arrived at
Quantitative variables 11 Explain how quantitative variables were handled in the analyses. If applicable,
describe which groupings were chosen and why
Statistical methods 12 (a) Describe all statistical methods, including those used to control for confounding
(b) Describe any methods used to examine subgroups and interactions
(c) Explain how missing data were addressed
(d) Cohort study—If applicable, explain how loss to follow-up was addressed
Case-control study—If applicable, explain how matching of cases and controls was
addressed
Cross-sectional study—If applicable, describe analytical methods taking account of
sampling strategy
(e) Describe any sensitivity analyses
Continued on next page
1
Results
Participants 13* (a) Report numbers of individuals at each stage of study—eg numbers potentially eligible,
examined for eligibility, confirmed eligible, included in the study, completing follow-up, and
analysed
(b) Give reasons for non-participation at each stage
(c) Consider use of a flow diagram
Descriptive 14* (a) Give characteristics of study participants (eg demographic, clinical, social) and information
data on exposures and potential confounders
(b) Indicate number of participants with missing data for each variable of interest
(c) Cohort study—Summarise follow-up time (eg, average and total amount)
Outcome data 15* Cohort study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures over time
Case-control study—Report numbers in each exposure category, or summary measures of
exposure
Cross-sectional study—Report numbers of outcome events or summary measures
Main results 16 (a) Give unadjusted estimates and, if applicable, confounder-adjusted estimates and their
precision (eg, 95% confidence interval). Make clear which confounders were adjusted for and
why they were included
(b) Report category boundaries when continuous variables were categorized
(c) If relevant, consider translating estimates of relative risk into absolute risk for a meaningful
time period
Other analyses 17 Report other analyses done—eg analyses of subgroups and interactions, and sensitivity
analyses
Discussion
Key results 18 Summarise key results with reference to study objectives
Limitations 19 Discuss limitations of the study, taking into account sources of potential bias or imprecision.
Discuss both direction and magnitude of any potential bias
Interpretation 20 Give a cautious overall interpretation of results considering objectives, limitations, multiplicity
of analyses, results from similar studies, and other relevant evidence
Generalisability 21 Discuss the generalisability (external validity) of the study results
Other information
Funding 22 Give the source of funding and the role of the funders for the present study and, if applicable,
for the original study on which the present article is based
*Give information separately for cases and controls in case-control studies and, if applicable, for exposed and
unexposed groups in cohort and cross-sectional studies.
Note: An Explanation and Elaboration article discusses each checklist item and gives methodological background and
published examples of transparent reporting. The STROBE checklist is best used in conjunction with this article (freely
available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine at http://www.plosmedicine.org/, Annals of Internal Medicine at
http://www.annals.org/, and Epidemiology at http://www.epidem.com/). Information on the STROBE Initiative is
available at www.strobe-statement.org.
2
Lampiran 19. Rekomendasi Instrumen Penilaian Kualitas Penelitian TA Kajian Literatur Narrative Review
Narrative Review Checklist
Reported
Section/topic # Checklist item
on page or
line #
TITLE
Title 1 Identify the report as a Narrative Review of …
ABSTRACT
Unstructured summary 2 Provide an unstructured summary including, as applicable: background, objective, brief summary of narrative review
and implications for future research, and clinical practice or policy development.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale/background 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known.
Objectives 4 Specify the key question(s) identified for the review topic.
METHODS
Research selection 5 Specify the process for identifying the literature search (eg, years considered, language, publication status, study
design, and databases of coverage).
DISCUSSION/SUMMARY
Narrative 6 Discuss: 1) research reviewed including fundamental or key findings, 2) limitations and/or quality of research
reviewed, and 3) need for future research.
Summary 7 Provide an overall interpretation of the narrative review in the context of clinical practice and/or the Nutrition
Care Process for registered dietitian nutritionists, clinical practice for other health professionals, policy
development and implementation, or future research.
Lampiran 20. Rekomendasi Instrumen Penelitian Kajian Literatur bentuk Scoping
Review
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for
Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist
REPORTED
SECTION ITEM PRISMA-ScR CHECKLIST ITEM
ON PAGE #
TITLE
Title 1 Identify the report as a scoping review.
ABSTRACT
Provide a structured summary that includes (as
applicable): background, objectives, eligibility criteria,
Structured
2 sources of evidence, charting methods, results, and
summary
conclusions that relate to the review questions and
objectives.
INTRODUCTION
Describe the rationale for the review in the context of
what is already known. Explain why the review
Rationale 3
questions/objectives lend themselves to a scoping
review approach.
Provide an explicit statement of the questions and
objectives being addressed with reference to their key
Objectives 4 elements (e.g., population or participants, concepts, and
context) or other relevant key elements used to
conceptualize the review questions and/or objectives.
METHODS
Indicate whether a review protocol exists; state if and
Protocol and where it can be accessed (e.g., a Web address); and if
5
registration available, provide registration information, including the
registration number.
Specify characteristics of the sources of evidence used
Eligibility criteria 6 as eligibility criteria (e.g., years considered, language,
and publication status), and provide a rationale.
Describe all information sources in the search (e.g.,
Information databases with dates of coverage and contact with
7
sources* authors to identify additional sources), as well as the
date the most recent search was executed.
Present the full electronic search strategy for at least 1
Search 8 database, including any limits used, such that it could be
repeated.
Selection of
State the process for selecting sources of evidence (i.e.,
sources of 9
screening and eligibility) included in the scoping review.
evidence†
Describe the methods of charting data from the included
sources of evidence (e.g., calibrated forms or forms that
Data charting have been tested by the team before their use, and
10
process‡ whether data charting was done independently or in
duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and
confirming data from investigators.
List and define all variables for which data were sought
Data items 11
and any assumptions and simplifications made.
If done, provide a rationale for conducting a critical
Critical appraisal of
appraisal of included sources of evidence; describe the
individual sources 12
methods used and how this information was used in any
of evidence§
data synthesis (if appropriate).
Describe the methods of handling and summarizing the
Synthesis of results 13
data that were charted.
1
REPORTED
SECTION ITEM PRISMA-ScR CHECKLIST ITEM
ON PAGE #
RESULTS
Give numbers of sources of evidence screened,
Selection of
assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with
sources of 14
reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally using a flow
evidence
diagram.
Characteristics of
For each source of evidence, present characteristics for
sources of 15
which data were charted and provide the citations.
evidence
Critical appraisal
If done, present data on critical appraisal of included
within sources of 16
sources of evidence (see item 12).
evidence
Results of For each included source of evidence, present the
individual sources 17 relevant data that were charted that relate to the review
of evidence questions and objectives.
Summarize and/or present the charting results as they
Synthesis of results 18
relate to the review questions and objectives.
DISCUSSION
Summarize the main results (including an overview of
Summary of concepts, themes, and types of evidence available), link
19
evidence to the review questions and objectives, and consider the
relevance to key groups.
Limitations 20 Discuss the limitations of the scoping review process.
Provide a general interpretation of the results with
Conclusions 21 respect to the review questions and objectives, as well
as potential implications and/or next steps.
FUNDING
Describe sources of funding for the included sources of
evidence, as well as sources of funding for the scoping
Funding 22
review. Describe the role of the funders of the scoping
review.
JBI = Joanna Briggs Institute; PRISMA-ScR = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses
extension for Scoping Reviews.
* Where sources of evidence (see second footnote) are compiled from, such as bibliographic databases, social media
platforms, and Web sites.
† A more inclusive/heterogeneous term used to account for the different types of evidence or data sources (e.g.,
quantitative and/or qualitative research, expert opinion, and policy documents) that may be eligible in a scoping
review as opposed to only studies. This is not to be confused with information sources (see first footnote).
‡ The frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley (6) and Levac and colleagues (7) and the JBI guidance (4, 5) refer to the
process of data extraction in a scoping review as data charting.
§ The process of systematically examining research evidence to assess its validity, results, and relevance before
using it to inform a decision. This term is used for items 12 and 19 instead of "risk of bias" (which is more applicable
to systematic reviews of interventions) to include and acknowledge the various sources of evidence that may be used
in a scoping review (e.g., quantitative and/or qualitative research, expert opinion, and policy document).
From: Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews
(PRISMAScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169:467–473. doi: 10.7326/M18-0850.
2
Lampiran 21. Rekomendasi Instrumen Penelitian Kajian Literatur bentuk Symantic
PRISMA 2009 Checklist Review/ Meta Analysis
Reported
Section/topic # Checklist item
on page #
TITLE
Title 1 Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both.
ABSTRACT
Structured summary 2 Provide a structured summary including, as applicable: background; objectives; data sources; study eligibility criteria,
participants, and interventions; study appraisal and synthesis methods; results; limitations; conclusions and
implications of key findings; systematic review registration number.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known.
Objectives 4 Provide an explicit statement of questions being addressed with reference to participants, interventions, comparisons,
outcomes, and study design (PICOS).
METHODS
Protocol and registration 5 Indicate if a review protocol exists, if and where it can be accessed (e.g., Web address), and, if available, provide
registration information including registration number.
Eligibility criteria 6 Specify study characteristics (e.g., PICOS, length of follow-up) and report characteristics (e.g., years considered,
language, publication status) used as criteria for eligibility, giving rationale.
Information sources 7 Describe all information sources (e.g., databases with dates of coverage, contact with study authors to identify
additional studies) in the search and date last searched.
Search 8 Present full electronic search strategy for at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be
repeated.
Study selection 9 State the process for selecting studies (i.e., screening, eligibility, included in systematic review, and, if applicable,
included in the meta-analysis).
Data collection process 10 Describe method of data extraction from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes
for obtaining and confirming data from investigators.
Data items 11 List and define all variables for which data were sought (e.g., PICOS, funding sources) and any assumptions and
simplifications made.
Risk of bias in individual 12 Describe methods used for assessing risk of bias of individual studies (including specification of whether this was
studies done at the study or outcome level), and how this information is to be used in any data synthesis.
Summary measures 13 State the principal summary measures (e.g., risk ratio, difference in means).
Synthesis of results 14 Describe the methods of handling data and combining results of studies, if done, including measures of consistency
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(e.g., I ) for each meta-analysis.
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PRISMA 2009 Checklist
Reported
Section/topic # Checklist item
on page #
Risk of bias across studies 15 Specify any assessment of risk of bias that may affect the cumulative evidence (e.g., publication bias, selective
reporting within studies).
Additional analyses 16 Describe methods of additional analyses (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression), if done, indicating
which were pre-specified.
RESULTS
Study selection 17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at
each stage, ideally with a flow diagram.
Study characteristics 18 For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and
provide the citations.
Risk of bias within studies 19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12).
Results of individual studies 20 For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each
intervention group (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot.
Synthesis of results 21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency.
Risk of bias across studies 22 Present results of any assessment of risk of bias across studies (see Item 15).
Additional analysis 23 Give results of additional analyses, if done (e.g., sensitivity or subgroup analyses, meta-regression [see Item 16]).
DISCUSSION
Summary of evidence 24 Summarize the main findings including the strength of evidence for each main outcome; consider their relevance to
key groups (e.g., healthcare providers, users, and policy makers).
Limitations 25 Discuss limitations at study and outcome level (e.g., risk of bias), and at review-level (e.g., incomplete retrieval of
identified research, reporting bias).
Conclusions 26 Provide a general interpretation of the results in the context of other evidence, and implications for future research.
FUNDING
Funding 27 Describe sources of funding for the systematic review and other support (e.g., supply of data); role of funders for the
systematic review.
From: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097.
doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097
For more information, visit: www.prisma-statement.org.
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