Contoh

4m 2m

Tampak Samping (Y-Z)

Tampak Atas
Data Luas Batang
A1 = 30,000 mm2
A2 = 40,000 mm2
A3 = 20,000 mm2
A4 = 30,000 mm2
E= 200,000 MPa

Koordinat titik kumpul/Nodal (satuan mm)

Titik X Y Z
1 2,000 4,000 8,000
2 8,000 0 0
3 8,000 6,000 0
4 0 0 0
5 0 6,000 0

Panjang Batang dan Cosinus sudut arah

Titik Nodal
Batang L lx=cosqxx
i j
1 2 1 10,770 -0.557086
2 3 1 10,198 -0.588348
3 4 1 9,165 0.218218
4 5 1 8,485 0.235702
 4 5 6 1
557,086 0 0 -557,086
0 0 0 0
k1 = 0 0 0 0
-557,086 0 0 557,086
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

1 0 0 -1
0 0 0 0
k1 = 557,086 0 0 0 0
-1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

4 5 6 1
0.3103 -0.2069 -0.4138 -0.3103
-0.2069 0.0963 -0.0642 0.2069
K1 (global) 557,086 -0.4138 -0.0642 0.5517 0.4138
-0.3103 0.2069 0.4138 0.3103
0.2069 -0.0963 0.2069 -0.2069
0.4138 -0.0642 -0.5517 -0.4138
4 5 6 1
172,889 -115,259 -230,518 -172,889
-115,259 53,655 -35,770 115,259
K1 (global) = -230,518 -35,770 307,358 230,518
-172,889 115,259 230,518 172,889
115,259 -53,655 115,259 -115,259
230,518 -35,770 -307,358 -230,518

1 2 3 4
504,501 -22,462 -352,313 -172,889
-22,462 150,824 -4,641 115,259
-352,313 -4,641 1,751,167 230,518
-172,889 115,259 230,518 172,889
115,259 -53,655 -35,770 -115,259
230,518 115,259 -307,358 -230,518
Kglobal -271,545 -90,515 362,061 0
-90,515 -93,996 31,332 0
362,061 -90,515 -482,747 0
-20,783 -41,565 -83,131 0
-41,565 -990 1,979 0
-83,131 -41,565 -332,522 0
-39,284 39,284 -157,135 0
39,284 -2,182 -2,182 0
-157,135 39,284 -628,539 0
 X

Y Z

8
3

6 X

Koordiat X Y z
4 0 0
3 6 2 8
 Z

8m
8m

Titik 4 & 5
2m 6m

Tampak Samping (X-Z)

Samping (Y-Z)

Tiga dimensi
Sudut Batang 1
qxx = 123.855 Sudut antara sumbu x dengan sumbu x
qxy = 100.702 Sudut antara sumbu x dengan sumbu y
qxz = 42.031 Sudut antara sumbu x dengan sumbu z
qyx = 68.199 Sudut antara sumbu y dengan sumbu x
qyy = Sudut antara sumbu y dengan sumbu y
qyz = Sudut antara sumbu y dengan sumbu z
qzx = Sudut antara sumbu z dengan sumbu x
qzy = Sudut antara sumbu z dengan sumbu y
qzz = Sudut antara sumbu z dengan sumbu z

-0.557086

Ux=cosqxy Vx = cosqzx lx2 lx*Ux lx*Vx Ux2

0.371391 0.742781 0.310345 -0.206897 -0.413793 0.096314

-0.196116 0.784465 0.346154 0.115385 -0.461538 0.119822
0.436436 0.872872 0.047619 0.095238 0.190476 0.002268
-0.235702 0.942809 0.055556 -0.055556 0.222222 0.003086
 2 3 7 8
0 0 4 784,465 0
0 0 5 0 0
0 0 6 k2 = 0 0
0 0 1 -784,465 0
0 0 2 0 0
0 0 3 0 0

0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 k2 = 784,465 0 0
0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0

2 3 7 8
0.2069 0.4138 0.3462 0.1154
-0.0963 -0.0642 0.1154 0.1198
0.2069 -0.5517 K2 (global) = 784,465 -0.4615 0.0399
-0.2069 -0.4138 -0.3462 -0.1154
0.0963 -0.0642 -0.1154 -0.1198
-0.0642 0.5517 0.4615 0.0399
2 3 7 8
115,259 230,518 4 271,545 90,515
-53,655 -35,770 5 90,515 93,996
 115,259 -307,358 6 -362,061 31,332
-115,259 -230,518 1 -271,545 -90,515
53,655 -35,770 2 -90,515 -93,996
-35,770 307,358 3 362,061 31,332

5 6 7 8 9 10
115,259 230,518 -271,545 -90,515 362,061 -20,783
-53,655 115,259 -90,515 -93,996 -90,515 -41,565
-35,770 -307,358 362,061 31,332 -482,747 -83,131
-115,259 -230,518 0 0 0 0
53,655 -35,770 0 0 0 0
-35,770 307,358 0 0 0 0
0 0 271,545 90,515 -362,061 0
0 0 90,515 93,996 31,332 0
0 0 -362,061 31,332 482,747 0
0 0 0 0 0 20,783
0 0 0 0 0 41,565
0 0 0 0 0 83,131
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
6 X
 Px

12 15

11 14
10 13
6 9
X
Titik 2 & 3
4
5 8
7

Sudut Batang 2 Sudut Batang 3 Sudut Batang 4

qxx = qxx = qxx =
qxy = qxy = qxy =
qxz = qxz = qxz =
qyx = qyx = qyx =
qyy = qyy = qyy =
qyz = qyz = qyz =
qzx = qzx = qzx =
qzy = qzy = qzy =
qzz = qzz = qzz =

Vx*Ux Vx2 lx*Vx

-0.064209 0.551724 -0.128419
0.039941 0.615385 -0.159763
0.004535 0.761905 0.009070
-0.003086 0.888889 0.012346
 9 1 2 3 10 11
0 -784,465 0 0 7 436,436 0
0 0 0 0 8 0 0
0 0 0 0 9 k3 = 0 0
0 784,465 0 0 1 -436,436 0
0 0 0 0 2 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0

0 -1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 k3 = 436,436 0 0
0 1 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0

9 1 2 3
-0.4615 -0.3462 -0.1154 0.4615 0.0476 0.0952
0.0399 -0.1154 -0.1198 0.0399 0.0952 0.0023
0.6154 0.4615 -0.1154 -0.6154 k3 = 436,436 0.1905 0.0045
0.4615 0.3462 0.1154 -0.4615 -0.0476 -0.0952
-0.1154 0.1154 0.1198 0.0399 -0.0952 -0.0023
-0.6154 -0.4615 0.0399 0.6154 -0.1905 0.0045
9 1 2 3 10 11
-362,061 -271,545 -90,515 362,061 7 20,783 41,565
31,332 -90,515 -93,996 31,332 8 41,565 990
 482,747 362,061 -90,515 -482,747 9 83,131 1,979
362,061 271,545 90,515 -362,061 1 -20,783 -41,565
-90,515 90,515 93,996 31,332 2 -41,565 -990
-482,747 -362,061 31,332 482,747 3 -83,131 1,979

11 12 13 14 15
-41,565 -83,131 -39,284 39,284 -157,135 1
-990 -41,565 39,284 -2,182 39,284 2
1,979 -332,522 -157,135 -2,182 -628,539 3
0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 6
0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0 9
41,565 83,131 0 0 0 10
990 1,979 0 0 0 11
1,979 332,522 0 0 0 12
0 0 39,284 -39,284 157,135 13
0 0 -39,284 2,182 -2,182 14
0 0 157,135 -2,182 628,539 15
Y
 12 1 2 3 13 14 15 1
0 -436,436 0 0 10 707,107 0 0 -707,107
0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 12 k4 = 0 0 0 0
0 436,436 0 0 1 -707,107 0 0 707,107
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

0 -1 0 0 1 0 0 -1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 k4 = 707,107 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 -1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.1905 -0.0476 -0.0952 -0.1905 0.0556 -0.0556 0.2222 -0.0556

0.0045 -0.0952 -0.0023 0.0045 -0.0556 0.0031 -0.0031 0.0556
0.7619 -0.1905 -0.0952 -0.7619 k4 = 707,107 0.2222 -0.0031 0.8889 -0.2222
-0.1905 0.0476 0.0952 0.1905 -0.0556 0.0556 -0.2222 0.0556
-0.0952 0.0952 0.0023 0.0045 0.0556 -0.0031 0.0556 -0.0556
-0.7619 0.1905 0.0045 0.7619 -0.2222 -0.0031 -0.8889 0.2222
12 1 2 3 13 14 15 1
83,131 -20,783 -41,565 -83,131 10 39,284 -39,284 157,135 -39,284
1,979 -41,565 -990 1,979 11 -39,284 2,182 -2,182 39,284
 332,522 -83,131 -41,565 -332,522 12 157,135 -2,182 628,539 -157,135
-83,131 20,783 41,565 83,131 1 -39,284 39,284 -157,135 39,284
-41,565 41,565 990 1,979 2 39,284 -2,182 39,284 -39,284
-332,522 83,131 1,979 332,522 3 -157,135 -2,182 -628,539 157,135
 2 3
0 0 13
0 0 14
0 0 15
0 0 1
0 0 2
0 0 3

0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0

0.0556 -0.2222
-0.0031 -0.0031
0.0556 -0.8889
-0.0556 0.2222
0.0031 -0.0031
-0.0031 0.8889
2 3
39,284 -157,135 13
-2,182 -2,182 14
 39,284 -628,539 15
-39,284 157,135 1
2,182 -2,182 2
-2,182 628,539 3
 SPACE TRUSS
Soal :
y

15 m
10 m E,A = Konstan
200 kN E = 200,000 Mpa
0 x A = 2000 mm2
15 m

150 kN 1m = 1000 mm
20 m

Pemodelan Struktur : Posisi Kedudukan Masing-masing Titik :

y 8 Titik
Koordinat
x y z
7
11 4 9 1 20000 0 0
3
2 0 0 15000
10 3
12 3 0 0 -15000
2
1 4 0 10000 0
0 2 x
1
1 3
2
5
4
z 6
 1
1 3
2
5
4
z 6
1

Posisi Kedudukan Masing-masing Titik :

Koordinat
Titik
x y z
1 20000 0 0
2 0 0 15000
3 0 0 -15000
4 0 10000 0

Panjang batang, dan nilai fungsi trigonometri dari sudut yang terbentuk :

Koordinat cos θx cos θy cos θz

Batang Titik L
x y z
2 0 0 15000
1 25000 0.8 0 -0.6
1 20000 0 0
4 0 10000 0
2 22361 0.9 -0.45 0
1 20000 0 0
3 0 0 -15000
3 25000 0.8 0 0.6
1 20000 0 0
2
Matriks Transformasi :

cos θx cos θy cos θz 0 0 0

[T]
0 0 0 cos θx cos θy cos θz

0.8 0 -0.6 0 0 0
[T]1
0 0 0 0.8 0 -0.6

0.9 -0.45 0 0 0 0
[T]2
0 0 0 0.9 -0.45 0

0.8 0 0.6 0 0 0
[T]3
0 0 0 0.8 0 0.6

Matriks Transpose :
Batang 1 Batang 2
cos θx 0
cos θy 0 0.8 0 0.894427 0
cos θz 0 0 0 -0.447214 0
[T]T=
0 cos θx -0.6 0 0 0
[ T ]1 T = [ T ]2 T =
0 cos θy 0 0.8 0 0.894427
0 cos θz 0 0 0 -0.44721
0 -0.6 0 0
 3

Batang 3

0.8 0
0 0
0.6 0
[ T ]3 T =
0 0.8
0 0
0 0.6

Matriks Kekakuan Dalam Sistem Koordinat Lokal :

Batang 1
E.A 1 -1
k=
L -1 1 16000 -16000
k1 =
-16000 16000
E = 200,000 Mpa
A = 2000 mm2 Batang 2

E.A 17888.54 -17888.5

Batang L k2 =
L -17888.54 17888.54
1 25000 16000
2 22361 17888.54 Batang 3
3 25000 16000
16000 -16000
k3 =
-16000 16000
4
Matriks Kekakuan Dalam Sistem Koordinat Global :

[K] = ( [T]T.[k] ).[T]

Batang 1
12800 -12800
0 0
-9600 9600
[ K ]1 = x [T]1
-12800 12800
0 0
9600 -9600

4 5 6 1 2 3
10240 0 -7680 -10240 0 7680 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 5
-7680 0 5760 7680 0 -5760 6
[ K ]1 =
-10240 0 7680 10240 0 -7680 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
7680 0 -5760 -7680 0 5760 3

Batang 2
16000 -16000
-8000 8000
0 0
[ K ]2 = x [T]2
-16000 16000
8000 -8000
0 0
 5
10 11 12 1 2 3
14310.84 -7155.42 0 -14310.8 7155.418 0 10
-7155.42 3577.709 0 7155.418 -3577.71 0 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 12
[ K ]2 =
-14310.8 7155.418 0 14310.84 -7155.42 0 1
7155.418 -3577.71 0 -7155.42 3577.709 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 3

Batang 3
12800 -12800
0 0
9600 -9600
[ K ]3 = x [T]1
-12800 12800
0 0
-9600 9600

7 8 9 1 2 3
10240 0 7680 -10240 0 -7680 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7680 0 5760 -7680 0 -5760 9
[ K ]3 =
-10240 0 -7680 10240 0 7680 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
-7680 0 -5760 7680 0 5760 3
 6

y 8
7
11 4 9
3
10 3
12 2
1
0 2 x
1
1 3
2
5
4
z 6
Matriks Kekakuan Struktur Dari Masing-masing Batang :

4 5 6 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 4
0 0 0 0 0 0 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 6
[ S ]1 =
0 0 0 10240 0 -7680 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 -7680 0 5760 3

10 11 12 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 12
[ S ]2 =
0 0 0 14310.84 -7155.42 0 1
0 0 0 -7155.42 3577.709 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 3

7 8 9 1 2 3
0 0 0 0 0 0 7
0 0 0 0 0 0 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 9
[ S ]3 =
0 0 0 10240 0 7680 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 7680 0 5760 3
 7
Matriks Kekakuan Struktur Secara Keseluruhan :

1 2 3
34790.835056 -7155.418 0 1
[S] = -7155.417528 3577.709 0 2
0 0 11520 3

Invers Matriks Kekakuan Struktur :

1 2 3
4.8828125E-05 9.77E-05 0 1
[S] -1
= 0.00009765625 0.000475 0 2
0 0 8.6805556E-05 3

Gaya Yang Berkerja Terhadap Konstruksi :

200 1
P= -150 2
0 3

Besarnya Perpindahan Yang Terjadi :

0 4
0 5
{d} = [ S ] -1 * {P} 0 6
0 7
{d} 0 =
-0.0048828125 1 0 8
{d} = -0.0516918996 2 0 9
0 3 0 10
0 11
0 12
8
Gaya-gaya Ujung Untuk Masing-masing Batang Dalam Sistem Koordinat Lokal dan Global adalah :

Batang 1 Batang 2

{v} dapat ditentukan dengan menganggap {v} = {d}

0 4 0 10
0 5 0 11
{v} 1 = 0 6 {v} 2 = 0 12
-0.00488 1 -0.00488 1
-0.05169 2 -0.05169 2
0 3 0 3

Perpindahan ujung-ujung batang dalam sistem koordinat lokal, {u} = {T} . {v}

0 0
{u} 1 = {u} 2 =
-0.00391 0.01875

Diperoleh gaya aksial dalam sistem koordinat lokal adalah : {Q} = [k] . {u}

62.5 -335.41
{Q} 1 = {Q} 2 =
-62.5 335.4102

Besarnya aksial dalam sistem koordinat global adalah : {F} = [T]T . {Q}

50 4 -300
0 5 150
{F} 1 = -37.5 6 {F} 2 = 0
-50 1 300
0 2 -150
 37.5 3 0
9

Batang 3

{v} dapat ditentukan dengan menganggap {v} = {d}

0 7
0 8
{v} 3 = 0 9
-0.00488 1
-0.05169 2
0 3

Perpindahan ujung-ujung batang dalam sistem koordinat lokal, {u} = {T} . {v}

0
{u} 3 =
-0.00391

Diperoleh gaya aksial dalam sistem koordinat lokal adalah : {Q} = [k] . {u}

62.5
{Q} 3 =
-62.5

Besarnya aksial dalam sistem koordinat global adalah : {F} = [T]T . {Q}

50
0
{F} 3 = 37.5
-50
0
-37.5

10
 [K] x {v} = {F} ; {Q}

Batang 1

10240 0 -7680 -10240 0 7680 0 50 4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5
-7680 0 5760 7680 0 -5760 0 -37.5 6 62.5
-10240 0 7680 10240 0 -7680 -0.00488 -50 1 -62.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.05169 0 2
7680 0 -5760 -7680 0 5760 K1 0 v1 37.5 3 Q1

Batang 2

14310.84 -7155.42 0 -14310.8 7155.418 0 0 -300 10

-7155.418 3577.709 0 7155.418 -3577.71 0 0 150 11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 -335.41
-14310.84 7155.418 0 14310.84 -7155.42 0 -0.00488 300 1 335.4102
7155.418 -3577.71 0 -7155.42 3577.709 0 -0.05169 -150 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 K2 0 v2 0 3 Q2

Batang 3

10240 0 7680 -10240 0 -7680 0 50 7

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
7680 0 5760 -7680 0 -5760 0 37.5 9 62.5
-10240 0 -7680 10240 0 7680 -0.00488 -50 1 -62.5
0 0 0 0 0 0 -0.05169 0 2
-7680 0 -5760 7680 0 5760 K3 0 v3 -37.5 3 Q3
 11
CONTROL :

Batang
P UL
1 2 3
1 -50 300 -50 200
2 0 -150 0 -150
3 37.5 0 -37.5 0
4 50 50
5 0 0
6 -37.5 -37.5
7 50 50
8 0 0
9 37.5 37.5
10 -300 -300
11 150 150
12 0 0
0 0 0 0
12