BUKU PENGAYAAN

BAHASA INGGRIS

KELAS XII

SEMESTER GENAP

MA AS’ADIYAH SUNGAI NYAMUK

BERDASARKAN KURIKULUM 2013

1
 BAB 1

May I help you?

Halo? Bagaimana kabarnya hari ini? Semoga semua sehat dan bahagia ya. Selamat ya
sudah di tingkat akhir MA. Yuk kita mulai pembelajaran bahasa Inggris kelas 12 bab 1
tentang menawarkan bantuan (offering help) dan bagaimana menanggapinya
(responses of help). Sebelum lebih lanjut ke pembahasan, yuk simak beberapa dialog
berikut.
Dialogue 1
dr. Nahda : Hello... (Halo…)
Fafa : Hello, doctor. (Halo, dokter)
dr. Nahda : You look terrible. What can I do for you? (Kamu terlihat kurang sehat.
apa yang bisa kulakukan untukmu )
Fafa : I can’t go to school today. (Saya tidak bisa ke sekolah hari ini)
dr. Nahda : Oh, I am sorry to hear that. What’s the problem? (Oh, Maaf
mendengarnya. Ada masalah?)
Fafa : My stomach hurts terribly. I think I have a fever as well. (perutku sakit
sekali. Saya pikir saya demam)
dr. Nahda : Okay, let me check your stomach.(The doctor puts the stethoscope in Fafa’s
belly and strikes it lightly). Does it hurt here? (Okay, izinkan saya cek
perutmu – dokter menaruh stetoskop di pusar Fafa dan menekan dengan
pelan. Apakah ini sakit?)
Fafa : Not that one. (tidak kalau itu)
dr. Nahda : Here? (disini?)
Fafa : Yes, that’s really terrible. (yes, itu sakit sekali)
dr. Nahda : Alright then, I’ll give you a prescription. You have to take the pills three
times a day, okay? (Baik, saya akan memberimu resep. Kamu harus minum
obatnya tiga kali sehari)
Fafa : Okay, doctor. (baik, dokter)
dr. Nahda : Good. Get well soon, Fafa. Bye. (Bagus. Lekas sembuh ya,
Fafa. Daa)
Fafa : Thanks a lot. Bye, doctor. (terima kasih banyak. Sampi
jumpa, dokter)
Nah, itu salah satu contoh percakapan sehari-hari yang mungkin kamu sudah tidak asing
lagi. Diantaranya banyaknya kalimat, kalian bisa fokus ke kalimat yang dicetak miring dan
digaris bawahi, itulah salah satu ekspresi untuk menawarkan jasa atau bantuan.
Dialogue 2
Selanjutnya yuk, kita pelajari dialog lainnya sambil memperkaya kosa kata dengan mengisi
bagian yang kosong.
Roy : You know what! Our favourite singer Maher Zain is touring again here next
month. (Tahukah kamu! penyanyi favorit kita akan mengadakan konser lagi
bulan depan)
Roni : Wow! That sounds fantastic. (Wow! Terdengar keren)

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Roy : We will get a discounted price for the concert ticket in the news agency if we
can show our student ID card. Would you like me to get your ticket? (kita akan
mendapatkan harga diskon tiket konser di agensi berita jika kita bisa
menunjukkan kartu siswa kita. Maukah kamu ikut mendapatkan tiketnya?)
Roni : Of course. I am fine. We can do it together. (tentu. Kita akan mendapatkannya
bersama)
Dialogue 3
Zahra : Have you heard the latest news about our school? (sudahkah kamu mendengar
kabar terakhir dari sekolah kita?)
Raisa : No. What about it? (Belum, tentang apa?)
Zahra : It got Grade A from the National Accreditation Body. (Mendapatkan
akreditasi A dari Badan Akreditasi Nasional)
Raisa : Wow! That’s awesome We should be very proud. (Wow! Itu luar biasa. Kita harus
bangga)
Zahra : We are. It means that our school is of high quality school. ( benar. Ini
berarti sekolah kita termasuk sekolah berkualitas baik)
Raisa : We should celebrate it, don't you think? (kita harus merayakannya. Bukankah
begitu?)
Zahra : Yes, you’re right. What about drinking ice juice? (ya, kamu benar.
Bagaimana jika minuma es jus?)
Raisa : That would be good. Thanks for having the initiatives. (boleh saja. Makasih
sudah memberikan inisiatif)
Dialogue 4
Diani : What do we have to prepare for the next trip? (apa yang harus kita siapkan
untuk perjalanan selanjutnya)
Riana : We are supposed to bring winter clothes. Three pieces at least. We also have
to take our personal medication. (kita mungkin akan membawa pakaian musim
dingin. 3 baju setidaknya. Kita juga harus membawa obat-obatan pribadi)
Diani : Oh, I don’t have any winter clothe and I don’t have enough time to find
ones. (Oh, saya tidak punya pakaian dingin dan saya tidak punya cukup waktu
untuk membelinya)
Riana : My sister has two jackets good enough for going out in mountain What if I
borrow them for you? (saudaraku punya dua jaket yang cukup bagus untuk
mendaki gunung. Bagaimana jika saya pinjamkan untukmu?)
Diani : That would be very helpful. Thank you very much. (itu sangat membantu. Terima
kasih banyak)
Riana : No worries, mate. (gak masalah, teman)
Diani : Are we supposed to bring some food as well? (apakah kita juga akan membawa
makanan yang cukup)
Riana : No. the food will be provided by the school. (tidak. Makanan sudah disediakan
dari sekolah)
Itulah beberapa dialog yang bisa kamu pelajari. Dalam dialog tersebut, ada kalimat yang
mengandung offering help dan bagaimana cara meresponnya. Nah, bagi kalian yang ingin
belajar lebih lanjut mengenai offers ini, bisa dimak ulasannya sebagai berikut:
Offers
Offering ialah memberikan sesuatu kepada orang lain, baik itu bantuan, barang atau yang
lainnya yang mana bisa ditolak maupun diterima. Nah, jika kamu ingin memberikan
tawaran, maka kamu bisa menggunakan ekspresi sebagai berikut:
1. May I…?
● May I give you a hand? (bolehkah saya membantumu?)
2. Can I…?
● Can I help you? (Bolehkah saya membantumu?)
3. Shall I…?

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 ● Shall I bring you some fruit? (haruskah aku membawakan buah untukmu)
4. Would you…?
● Would you like another coffee? (maukah kamu kopi lagi?)
5. How about I…?
● How about I help you? (Bagaimana jika saya membantumu?)
Untuk memberikan tawaran (offers), kamu bisa juga menggunakan model verbs: would,
shall, could, dan
will dengan rumus sebagai berikut:
Modal verb + Subject + Verb + Object
● Could I offer you something? ( Bisakah saya menawarkan sesuatu kepadamu?)
● Will you have some fruit? ( maukah kamu makan buah?)
Accepting & Declining Offers
Bagaimana jika kita ingin menerima atau menolak tawaran? Nah, berikut ekspresi
yang bisa kamu gunakan:
Making offers Accepting offers Declining offers
Can I help you Yes please. I really appreciate It’s okay, I can do it myself
(bisakah saya membantumu?) it (tidak masalah. Saya
(Baik, silahkan. Saya bisa melakukannya
sangat menghargainya) sendiri)
Shall I bring you some fruit? Thank you. It is very kind of No, thank you.
(haruskah aku you (Tidak terima kasih.)
membawakan buah (terima kasih. Kamu sangat
untukmu) baik)
Would you like another coffee? Yes, please. That would be No, thank you. I don’t want
(maukah kamu kopi lagi?) lovely another help
(Baik, silahkan. Itu (Tidak terima kasih. Saya tidak
sangat menyenangkan) membutuhkan bantuan)
How about I help you? Yes, please that will be very Don’t’ worry I will do it myself
(Bagaimana jika saya kind of you (jangan khawatir, saya akan
membantumu?) (Baik silahkan, itu akan sangat melakukannya sendiri)
membantuku)
Exercise
Choose the best answer!

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1. Woman : Would you like me to help himself.
you with your project? b. The waman is very pleased to
Man : Sure. Would you help me help.
design the cover? c. The man refuses to accept
Woman : Of course. I like designing assistance.
very much. d. The woman has to finish the
Man : OK. It should be simple assignment.
but impressive. I know you are e. The man is a skillful cover
skilful at it. designer.
Woman : No problem. I will have it 3. Girl : Excuse me. May I see Mr
done soon. Kusuma?
Man : I’m lucky to have a friend Man : I am so sorry. He has just
like you. left this room. What can I do for
Woman : I am glad to help you. you?
Man : Thanks a lot. You are very Girl : Just tell him that I have
kind. left my assignment on his desk.
Woman : Don’t mention it. Man : Sure. I will inform him of
What is the woman doing? it.
a. She is looking for the project. Girl : Thank you.
b. She is asking for assistance. Man : You’re welcome.
c. She is offering help to the man Where does the dialogue probably
d. She is designing a book cover take place?
e. She is asking for a solution. a. In the teacher's room.
2. Woman : Would you like me to help b. In the classroom.
you with your project? c. In the office.
Man : Sure. Would you help me d. In the rest room.
design the cover? e. At the hospital.
Woman : Of course. I like designing 4. Girl : Excuse me. May I see Mr
very much. Kusuma?
Man : OK. It should be simple Man : I am so sorry. He has just left
but impressive. I know you are this room. What can I do for you?
skilful at it. Girl : Just tell him that I have left
Woman : No problem. I will have it my assignment on his desk.
done soon. Man : Sure. I will inform him of it.
Man : I’m lucky to have a friend Girl : Thank you.
like you. Man : You’re welcome.
Woman : I am glad to help you. What does the girl request the man
Man : Thanks a lot. You are very to do?
kind. a. To inform Mr. Kusuma about her
Woman : Don’t mention it. assignment.
What can we infer from the b. To find Mr. Kusuma in his room.
dialogue? c. To submit the assignment to Mr.
a. The man can finish his project by Kusuma.
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 d. To leave her assignment on Mr. c. To carry her bag.
Kusuma's desk. d. To book a ticket.
e. To put the students' assignments e. To take a taxi.
on the desk. 7. Woman : Can I help you, sir?
5. Man : Did you have a nice flight, Man : May I have another glass,
ma’am? please?
Woman : Yes, but a little Woman : Sure. Would you like to
turbulence. have one or two?
Man : Let me help you with the Man : I think one will be
bag. enough.
Woman : Thank you. It’s very kind Woman : Alright. Would you like
of you. anything else?
Man : Do you want to take a taxi Man : No. That’s all. Thank you.
or the bus? Woman : You’re welcome. I’ll be
Woman : A taxi will be OK with me. right back with your glass.
Man : But, getting a taxi at this What does the woman probably do
time may be difficult. next?
Woman : No problem. I’ll wait. a. Find the glass.
Where does the dialogue probably b. Take another glass.
take place? c. Get the man another glass.
a. At the bus station. d. Clean the glass.
b. At the hospital. e. Remove the glass.
c. At the supermarket. 8. Woman : Can I help you, sir?
d. At the hospital. Man : May I have another glass,
e. At the train station. please?
6. Man : Did you have a nice flight, Woman : Sure. Would you like to
ma’am? have one or two?
Woman : Yes, but a little Man : I think one will be
turbulence. enough.
Man : Let me help you with the Woman : Alright. Would you like
bag. anything else?
Woman : Thank you. It’s very kind Man : No. That’s all. Thank you.
of you. Woman : You’re welcome. I’ll be
Man : Do you want to take a taxi right back with your glass.
or the bus? How many glasses does the man
Woman : A taxi will be OK with me. want?
Man : But, getting a taxi at this a. One.
time may be difficult. b. Four.
Woman : No problem. I’ll wait. c. Five.
What does the man offer to do for d. Two.
the woman? e. Three.
a. To take the bus.
b. To remove her bag.
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 9. Man : Have you done your slides Woman : I still need to make a few
for the presentation? more slides.
Woman : I still need to make a few Man : Can I give you a hand?
more slides. Woman : Sure. Please correct my
Man : Can I give you a hand? work and underline the incorrect
Woman : Sure. Please correct my words.
work and underline the incorrect Man : Sure. Let me do that for
words. you.
Man : Sure. Let me do that for
you. What is true about the dialogue?
a. The man does not have a high
What is the woman probably doing? literacy level.
a. Making slides. b. The man does not understand the
b. Raising her hand. presentation.
c. Checking her work. c. The woman has finished her
d. Doing a presentation. work.
e. Writing an article. d. The man refuses to check the
woman's work.
10. Man : Have you done your slides for e. The woman needs some help to
the presentation? revise her work.

BAB 2

Why Don’t You Visit Seattle?

Halo kalian, siap untuk belajar lagi ya? Yuk kita lanjutkan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris kelas
12 bab 2, tentang bagaimana meminta informasi terkait pengandaian diikuti oleh
perintah/saran. Namun sebelum membahasa lebih lanjut, pelajari teks berikut ya.
Six Things to Do If You Visit Seattle
6 Hal Untuk dilakukan Jika Kamu mengunjungi Seattle
There are 6 must-have experiences that you should do if you visit Seattle where city and
nature come together. If you visit Seattle, arrive with this list in hand and you’ll be off to a
foolproof start for exploring the Emerald City’s most unforgettable sights and sounds. If you
visit Seattle:
Ada 6 pengalaman wajib yang harus kamu lakukan jika mengunjungi Seattle dimana kota
dan alam menyatu. Jika Anda mengunjungi Seattle, tibalah dengan daftar ini di
tangan dan Anda akan memulai dengan sangat mudah untuk menjelajahi pemandangan
dan suara Kota Zamrud yang paling tak terlupakan. Jika Anda mengunjungi Seattle:

Feel the fresh air on your face as you sail to Bainbrige Island on a Washington State Ferry.
From the ferry you can enjoy the view of the Seattle skyline. You can also stroll around
downtown’s galleries, boutiques, coffeehouses and cafes. Seasonal gardens and natural

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Rasakan udara segar di wajah Anda saat berlayar ke Pulau Bainbrige dengan Kapal
Feri Negara Bagian Washington. Dari feri Anda dapat menikmati pemandangan
cakrawala Seattle. Anda juga dapat berjalan-jalan di sekitar galeri, butik, kedai kopi,
dan kafe di pusat kota. Taman musiman dan hutan alami di Boedel Reserve adalah
pilihan lain.
 woodlands at the Boedel Reserve is another option.
Why don’t you tour Pike Place Market’s produce stands and buy something you’ve never
tasted. The Pike Place Market is much more than a farmers’ market. Its entire district full of
shopping, attractions and favorite sights. The area is festival of sounds, tastes and smells is
part of the reason it’s called the ‘soul of Seattle’. Amid all the joyful hubbub, make sure you
take time to spot these beloved icons.
Book a night at one of the many cozy B & Bs or resorts available throughout the Sun Juan
Islands. Cozy bed and breakfasts are perfect way to enjoy the friendly island culture. Here,
you can tour the numerous art galleries in Friday Harbor. You can also enjoy naturalist-
guided tours, wildlife spotting, whale watching and storm watching.
Mengapa Anda tidak mengunjungi stan produk Pike Place Market dan membeli
sesuatu yang belum pernah Anda cicipi. Pasar Pike Place lebih dari sekadar pasar
petani. Seluruh distriknya penuh dengan belanja, atraksi, dan pemandangan favorit.
Daerah ini adalah festival suara, rasa dan bau adalah bagian dari alasan itu
disebut 'jiwa Seattle'. Di tengah semua keriuhan yang menyenangkan, pastikan Anda
meluangkan waktu untuk melihat ikon-ikon tercinta ini.
Pesanlah satu malam di salah satu dari banyak B & B atau resor nyaman yang
tersedia di seluruh Kepulauan Sun Juan. Tempat tidur dan sarapan yang nyaman
adalah cara sempurna untuk menikmati budaya pulau yang ramah. Di sini, Anda
dapat mengunjungi berbagai galeri seni di Friday Harbor. Anda juga dapat menikmati
tur berpemandu naturalis, melihat satwa liar, mengamati paus, dan mengamati badai.

See exciting and experimental works at Chihuly Garden and Glass. A visit to this site is an
opportunity to take full advantage of the location at the Seattle Center, a premier destination for
arts, entertainment and leisure activities. Explore the Space Needle and Pacific Science Center.
Experience Music Project and a variety of cultural activities offered throughout the year.
Watch the world’s most sophisticated aircraft be built before your eyes at the Boeing factory
Lihat karya-karya menarik dan eksperimental di Chihuly Garden and Glass.
Kunjungan ke situspaling
Saksikan pesawat ini merupakan
canggih dikesempatan
dunia dibuatuntuk memanfaatkan
di depan mata Anda sepenuhnya
di pabrik
lokasi di di
Boeing Seattle Center,Jelajahi
Mukilteo. tujuan utama untuk penerbangan
dinamika kegiatan seni, dan
hiburan, dan rekreasi.
rasakan inovasi
Jelajahi Space Needle dan Pacific Science Center. Nikmati Proyek
penerbangan baru. Pergi ke belakang layar di Boeing untuk menonton jet yang Musik dan
berbagai
sama yangkegiatan
mungkinbudaya
suatuyang
hari ditawarkan
nanti Anda sepanjang tahun.
menjadi penumpang saat dirakit.
in Mukilteo. Explore the dynamics of flight and experience new aviation innovation. Go
behind the scenes at Boeing to watch the very same jets you may one day be a passenger on
being assembled.
For a sweet treat, tour the Theo Chocolate factory in Freemont and learn how their
delicious confections are made. This factory has a mission to create change in the
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where it has 300,000 square miles of farmable land
but only 2% is being farmed due to conflict there. The factory trains 2,000 Congolese
Untuk suguhan manis, kunjungi pabrik Theo Chocolate di Freemont dan pelajari cara
membuat kue manis yang lezat. Pabrik ini memiliki misi untuk menciptakan perubahan
di Republik Demokratik Kongo (DRC) di mana ia memiliki 300.000 mil persegi lahan
pertanian tetapi hanya 2% yang ditanami
8 karena konflik di sana. Pabrik tersebut
melatih 2.000 petani Kongo untuk menanam kakao berkualitas tinggi.
farmers to grow high quality cocoa.
IF Clause / Conditional Sentence
Ini merupakan salah satu jenis clausa yang digunakan untuk membentuk conditional
sentence. Nah, ‘IF” itu menandakan bahwa sesuatu/kejadian itu belum terjadi.
Struktur umum IF Clause ini, ialah:
If Clause + Main Clause atau Main Clause + IF Clause
Type of IF Clause
Ada beberapa tipe of IF Clause yang bisa kamu ketahui diantaranya:
● IF Clause Type 0
● IF Clause Type 1
● IF Clause Type 2
● IF Clause Type 3
IF Clause Type 0
Biasa juga disebut sebagai zero Conditional Sentences. Jenis kalimat ini dipakai ketika
konskuensi atau hasil terwujud atau menjelaskan sebuah kebenaran (general truth) dan
fakta ilmiah.
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, Simple Present
Contoh:
1. If you drink too much ice, you get stomachache. ( Jika kamu minum
terlalu banyak, kamu sakit perut)
2. Your teeth are clean if you brush them. (gigimu bersih jika
kamu membersihkannya)
IF Clause Type 1
Merupakan jenis kalimat pengandaian yang hasil atau konsekuensinya mungkin terjadi di
masa mendatang. Itu bisa terjadi karena didukung oleh realitas yang masuk akal atau
mungkin bisa terjadi.
Rumusnya:
If + Simple present, simple future “will”/ imperative
Contoh:
1. If I have a lot money, I will buy a new car. ( Jika saya punya uang banyak, saya
akan beli mobil baru)
2. If my MArtphone is broken, I am going to buy the new one. (Jika ponsel
saya rusak, saya akan membeli yang baru)
IF Clause Type 2
Merupakan jenis kalimat pengandaian yang hasil atau konsekuensinya mungkin terjadi di
masa mendatang namun presentasi terjadinya kecil. Bisa dikatakan realitasnya belum
tentu akan terjadi atau menjadi kenyataan.
Rumusnya:
If + Simple past/were, would/could/might + bare infinitive
Modal would/could/might itu akan menjelaskan seberapa besar, kemungkinan
konsekuensi itu akan terjadi.
Contoh:
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 1. If I had a billion dollars, I would like travel to Mars. ( Jika saya punya
jutaan dolar, saya akan pergi ke Mars)
2. If I were you, I would buy land for investment. (Jika saya jadi kamu, saya
akan membeli tanah untuk investasi)
IF Clause Type 3
Merupakan jenis kalimat pengandaian yang hasil atau konsekuensinya tidak mungkin
terjadi. Intinya ini menggambarkan kondisi yang mustahil terjadi, atau hanya imajinasi
atau angan-angan belaka.
Rumusnya:
If + Past Perfect, would/could/should/might + have + past Participle
Contoh:
1. If you had given me much money, I would have bought Toyota Alphard.
(Jika kamu dulu sudah memberiku banyak uang, saya akan membeli Toyota
Alphard)
2. If I had studied hard, I could have got the better job. (Jika saya dulu
belajar rajin, saya dapat mendapatkan pekerjaan yang lebih baik)
Another Type of IF Clause
Selain keempat jenis IF Clause di atas, ada jenis If Clause lainnya dan diantaranya ialah
sebagai berikut.
● If Clause + Reminder
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, Simple Present (must/have to/has to) atau
Simple Present (must/have to/has to) If + Simple Present Contoh:
1. If you want to pass the exam, you must study hard. ( Jika kamu ingin
lulus ujian, kamu harus belajar rajin)
2. You have to be diligent if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. (kamu
harus rajin jika kamu ingin menjadi pengusaha sukses)
● If Clause + Suggestion
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, Simple Present (should/ought to/had better)
atau
Simple Present (should/ought to/had better) If + Simple Present Contoh:
1. If you don’t get sick, you should take a rest. ( Jika kamu tidak ingin sakit, kamu
seharusnya istirahat)
2. You had better do your homework if you want to get A score. (kamu
sebaiknya mengerjakan PR-mu jika kamu ingin mendapat nilai A)
● If Clause + Imperative
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, V1 + Object atau
V1 + Object If + Simple Present
Contoh:
1. If you don’t get sick, take a rest. ( Jika kamu tidak ingin sakit, istirahatlah!)

10
2. Do your homework if you want to get A score. (kerjakan PR-mu jika kamu
ingin mendapat nilai A)
● If Clause + General Truth
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, Simple Present/ Simple future atau
Simple Present/ Simple future If + Simple Present
Contoh:
1. If there is no oxygen, there is no life for the human being. (Jika tidak ada oksigen,
tidak ada kehidupan untuk mahluk hidup)
● If Clause + Dream
Rumusnya:
If + Simple Present, Simple future atau
Simple future If + Simple Present
Contoh:
1. If I am a rich man, I will buy many cars. (Jika saya seorang yang kaya,
saya akan membeli banyak mobil)
2. If I can drive a car, I will go to Jogja beaches. (Jika saya bisa
mengemudikan mobil, saya akan pergi ke pantai-pantai jogja)
EXERCISE
Choose the best answer!
1. I would never lend to you if I … 4. Nothing is going to change my love
before. for you if you always … me too.
A. know A. love
B. knows B. loves
C. knew C. loving
D. had known D. will love
E. knowing E. loved
2. If Tina had not taken the bus, she … 5. If Mika … you, she … to the doctor.
late. A. were, would go
A. would not have come B. was, would go
B. does not come C. were, would goes
C. would not come D. was, would goes
D. will come E. was, will go
E. would have come 6. He would not be late if she … early.
3. Eid will be so silent if Corona … A. come
soon. B. comes
A. not leave C. had come
B. don’t leave D. cames
C. doesn’t leave E. came
D. had left 7. If Amanda … too much, she gets fat.
E. didn't ending A. eat
B. ate
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 C. had eaten B. found
D. eats C. have found
E. will eat D. had found
8. Our team … the match if it had been E. finds
a home game. 14. Which sentence is correct?
A. won A. If I were you, I would give up
B. would have won smoking
C. will win B. If I was you, I will give up
D. would has won smoking
E. win C. If I were you I would give up
9. If I were rich, I … many branded smoking
bags. D. If I was you, I will gived up
A. collected smoking
B. would collect E. If I were you, I will gave up
C. had collected smoking
D. would collected 15. Indonesian people would be safe
E. collected from corona if they … healthy
10. I … as soon as if the babysitter environment.
arrives. A. keep
A. leaves B. kept
B. will leave C. keeping
C. would leave D. had kept
D. would have leaved E. keeps
E. do not leave 16. If you had caught the bus, you … late
11. John always has a headache if she … for work.
to loud music. A. wouldn't have been
A. listens B. would have been
B. listen C. wouldn’t be
C. would listen D. would be
D. would have listened E. would have be
E. listened 17. If … as I told her, she would have
12. Mamat would buy tens of luxury cars succeeded.
if he … the lottery. A. she has done
A. win B. she had done
B. wins C. she does
C. won D. she did
D. had won E. She had been done
E. winning 18. If the snow … down in Indonesia, I …
13. If I … her address, I’ll send her an a snowman.
invitation. A. fell, would build
A. find B. fell, would built

12
 C. fall, would built 20. He …. if I had not reminded him.
D. fall, would build A. may forget
E. fall, would building B. should forget
19. If we … a big house, we … all friends. C. might have forgotten
A. had, would invite D. must forget
B. have, will invite E. must forgot
C. had, would invited
D. have, would invited
E. has, would invite

BAB 3

Creating Captions
Tentu saja, kalian sebagai generasi milenial, sudah tidak asing lagi bukan dengan menulis
caption? Tiap upload foto atau gambar di social media pasti ditambahi caption agar lebih wah
dan bermakna postingan itu. Namun pernahkah kamu menulis caption dalam bahasa
Inggris? Menulis lho ya bukan copy paste? Jika belum, yuk kita pelajari bersama. Ternyata
menulis Caption itu ada aturannya loh! Seperti apa? Simak ulasannya sebagai berikut ya.
What is Caption?
Apa sih caption itu? Mungkin sebagian dari kamu masih bingung dengan definisi dari caption.
Berikut ialah definisi Caption diambil dari Wikipedia:
A caption, also known as a cutline, is a text that appears below an image. Most
captions draw attention to something in the image that is not obvious, such as its
relevance to the text.
Caption, juga dikenal sebagai cutline, adalah teks yang muncul di bawah gambar. Sebagian besar
keterangan menarik perhatian pada sesuatu dalam gambar yang tidak jelas, seperti relevansinya dengan
teks.
Captions can consist of a few words of description, or several sentences. Along
with the title, lead, and section headings, captions are the most commonly read
words in an article, so they should be succinct and informative.

Caption dapat terdiri dari beberapa kata deskripsi, atau beberapa kalimat. Bersamaan dengan
judul, lead, dan section-heading, caption adalah kata-kata yang paling sering dibaca dalam sebuah artikel,
jadi harus ringkas dan informatif.

Captions also include a short title or heading of an article in a magazine or

newspaper. Words shown on a cinema or television screen to establish the scene of a
story are also called captions. Captions can also be inserted below/above charts,
figures, graphics and tables.

Caption juga mencakup judul pendek atau heading artikel di majalah atau surat kabar. Kata-kata
yang ditampilkan di layar bioskop atau televisi untuk menetapkan adegan sebuah cerita juga disebut
Caption. Caption juga dapat disisipkan di bawah/di atas grafik, gambar, grafik dan tabel.

13
 There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption clearly identifies
the subject of the picture without detailing the obvious. It is succinct. It establishes the
picture's relevance to the article, provides context for the picture, and draws the reader
into the article.
Ada beberapa kriteria untuk caption yang baik. Caption yang baik dengan jelas mengidentifikasi
subjek gambar tanpa merinci yang jelas. Hal ini singkat. Ini menetapkan relevansi gambar dengan artikel,
memberikan konteks untuk gambar, dan menarik pembaca memahami artikel.

Generic Structure of Caption

Struktur umum yang biasanya diterapkan dalam Caption, ialah:
● The title
● The lead
● Section Heading
Language Features of Captions
Ada beberapa fitur kebahasaan yang biasanya digunakank dalam caption, diantaranya:
● prepositional phrases
● infinitive -phrases
● participial phrases
● adjective phrases
● questions
● exclamations
How to Write Caption?
1. Observe the selected photo or video (Observasi foto atau video yang telah dipilih)
2. Find out the message from the picture (Cari pesan yang ingin disampaikan dari gambar)
3. Write concise phrase or sentence under the picture (Tulis frasa atau kalimat di bawah
gambar)
A Note to Remember
Ada beberapa hal yang perlu kamu ingat ketika kamu ingin membuat caption, diantaranya
ialah sebagai berikut:
1. Hindari penggunaan articles: a, an, atau the.
2. Gunakan present tense.
3. Caption memberikan pejelasan yang tidak ditemukan di gambar
4. Caption itu melengkapai gambar bukan pengganti gambar
5. Tidak perlu diawali dengan nama
6. Tidak perlu menambah sesuatu yang sudah jelas, seperti: pictured here, above.
7. Boleh sebutkan nama jika memang benar-benar perlu.
Types of Captions
Ada beberapa caption yang biasa digunakan dan diantaranya ialah sebagai berikut:
1. Identification bar
Jenis caption ini hanya menjelaskan siapa orang yang ada digambar
2. Cutline
Jenis caption ini hanya menjelaskan siapa orang yang ada digambar serta apa yang

14
 dilakukannya.
3. Summary
Jenis caption ini memberikan penjelasan lengkap siapa yang ada digambar, apa yang
dilakukan, kapan terjadinya, dimana lokasi terjadinya, dan mengapa hal itu terjadi.
4. Expanded
Ini lebih lengkap dari summary, terkadang juga memuat bagaimana kejadiannya serta
ada kutipannya.
5. Group Identification
Hampir sama dengan caption identification bar, biasanya digunakan untuk gambar
yang memuat lebih dari 1 orang.
6. Quote
Berisi kutipan ucapan seseorang yang berhubungan dengan gambar.
Nah, itulah kalian serba-serbi tentang captions yang bisa kamu tahu. Untuk semakin
memantapkan pengetahuan tentang caption, yuk kita coba mendeskripsikan gambar dengan
caption yang berbeda-beda sebagai berikut.

Ada 1 gambar yang sama, namun captionnya berbeda-beda. yuk kita coba bedah 1 per
satu. Mulai gambar yang paling kiri, ada caption “Poor Boy!”. Pesan dari gambar itu kita bisa
mengambilkan kesimpulan bahwa penulis mengajak pembaca untuk kasihan dengan anak itu.
Sementara gambar tengah, dengan caption Oh, my goodness! Itu seolah
mencurahkan isi hati anak lelaki itu mengapa dia diberhentikan polisi, padahal hanya
bersepeda bahkan dilengkapi helm. Atau bisa juga menggambarkan kebingungan polisi kepada
anak mengapa dia menggunakan helm ketika menggunakan sepeda.
Gambar paling kanan, show me your driving license, itu merupakan sindiran
kepada petugas polisi yang suka mencari-cari kesalahan dari pengendara.
Dari contoh di atas, kita bisa tahu bahwa satu gambar pun bisa memberikan pesan yang
berbeda-beda tergantung dari caption yang diberikan. Sekarang tahu kan betapa pentingnya
caption itu?
Exercise
Choose the best answer!

15
Caption Text 1 d. Central Kiev
e. Reuter
5. What does “Bloomed” mean?
a. blossom
b. wither
c. wilt
d. droop
e. decay
Caption Text 2

1. What kind of caption is in the

picture?
a. Group Identification bar
b. Summary
c. Cutline
d. Expanded
e. quote
2. What is the function of the caption?
a. To make the picture look beautiful
b. To give description more detail of
the picture 6. What is the purpose of the caption?
c. To tell about who was the viewer of a. To make the picture look better
the picture b. To give a description of what is
d. To explain how beautiful the going on in the picture
flowers are c. To tell about who was taking the
e. To make readers see the beautiful picture
flowers d. To explain the news
e. To make readers ignoring the
3. According to the caption on the
picture
picture, when was the photo taken?
a. July 19 2018 7. According to the caption on the
b. February 1 2017 picture, when was the photo taken?
c. May 3, 2019 a. July 19 2018
d. December 7 2015 b. February 1 2017
e. August 15 2014 c. January 14 2016
d. December 7 2015
4. Where was the location in the
e. August 15 2014
picture?
a. Central Park 8. Where was the location in the
b. Garden picture?
c. Floristry a. Sudirman, Jakarta
b. Tanah Abang, Jakarta
c. Blok M, Jakarta
16
 d. Thamrin, Jakarta d. To make surpised
e. Pasar Senin, Jakarta e. To motivate readers
9. Who is the main subject in the 14. What is the meaning of “goal”?
picture that is described in the a. Tujuan
caption? b. Harapan
a. Indonesian President, Joko c. Keinginan
Widodo d. Cita-cita
b. Former Indonesian President, SBY e. Impian
c. Vice President, Jusuf Kalla 15. Why does the caption text above use
d. Governor of DKI Jakarta, Anies old man in the picture?
Baswedan a. To represents of the goal
e. The president’s ministers b. To represents of the dream
10. What kind of caption is in the c. To represents set the goal
picture? d. To motivation that an old man can
a. Identification bar reach the dream
b. Summary e. To inform that an old man can
c. Cutline reach dream
d. Expanded Caption Text 4
e. quote
Caption Text 3

16. What is the meaning of the sentence?

a. Love can be represent by music
11. Who is the author of the text? b. It is about how to play music
a. C.S Lewis >>> c. Love is music
b. The beatles d. A child loves music
c. Queen Elisabeth e. A father plays music for his child
d. I.r Soekarno 17. What is the aim of the text?
e. Donald Trump a. To make readers understand about
12. What is the meaning of “dream”? love
a. Impian b. To make readers what to know
b. Mimpi about music
c. Lamunan c. To inform readers that music can
d. Angan-angan make love to everyone
e. Keinginan d. To inform that a father loves his
child
13. What is the purpose of the text?
e. To inform that music can bring
a. To make fuuny
love
b. To inform readers
c. To educate readers

17
 18. What is advantage of the text?
a. Motivate others to care
b. To make others understand love
c. To inform other about music
d. To inform that a father loves his
child
e. To inform that music can show a
love
19. Why does father in the picture play
bamboo flute? Because, bamboo
flute…
a. A simple way of music
b. Cheap things
c. It can be found everywhere
d. Everybody can use it
e. Bamboo represent simple, warm,
and traditional
20. Why does a child look happy?
a. A child likes a bamboo
b. A child likes his father
c. A child feels his father’s love
d. A child seems get flute
e. A child can sing together
25. What do you feel after reading the
Caption Text 5
Caption Text 6
21. “I can’t change the direction of the
wind”. What does the sentence
mean?
a. We can follow the wind blows
b. We can’t change the God’s will
c. We need to change our wind blows
d. We need someone to direct our
18
ways
e. We should follow the rule
22. What does the word adjust means in
the caption?
a. We can decide our ways
b. We can arrange our plans
c. We can make our ways
d. We need someone to give advances
e. We should appreciate our ways
23. The words Sails mean….
a. Our goal
b. Our decision
c. Our dream
d. Our ways
e. Our believing
24. How can we reach our destination
based on the caption?
a. We should sail over the sea
b. We should know our destination
c. We should organize our ways
d. We can manage our dream
e. We should determine our ways
caption?
a. Sad
b. Get motivation
c. Confused with the world
d. Feel better in my life
e. Settle the ways to reach dream
26. What is the meaning of the text?
a. Name is not a mistake
b. The writer’s name is fault
 c. Ms. World is just a program d. A tool of internet
d. We can not depend on the program e. A tool of computer
e. We have to be grateful with our 29. What is “spelling” in Indonesia?
name a. Mengeja
27. What is the purpose of the text? b. Membaca
a. To make funny c. Menulis
b. To inform readers d. Berbicara
c. To educate readers e. Mendengar
d. To make surprised 30. What is “mistake” in Indonesia?
e. To get knowledge a. Kesalahan
28. What is the Microsoft Word? b. Keinginan
a. A channel on tv c. Keingintahuan
b. A program of internet d. Kemauan
c. A program of computer e. Kesayangan

BAB 4

Do You Know How to Apply for a Job?

Mungkin ada dari kamu yang ingin melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih
tinggi ataupun langsung bekerja. Nah, tidak ada salahnya bukan, kita
mempelajari bagaimana membuat surat lamaran kerja yang baik dan benar itu.
Tentu kalian punya pekerjaan impian bukan? Ada banyak pekerjaan yang ada
dan setiap pekerjaan itu ada tugas pokok fungsi (Tupoksi). Yuk coba kita sebut
beberapa pekerjaan dan identifikasi apa saja tanggung jawab serta tupoksinya.
1. An Engineer
● Making plans using detailed drawings (membuat rencana dengan gambar detail)
● Preparing estimates and budgets (menyiapkan perkiraan dan anggaran)
● Creating accurate project specifications (membuat spesifikasi project yang akurat)
● Designing engineering experiments (mendesain percobaan engineering)
● Creating technical reports for customers (membuat laporan teknis untuk klien)
● Completing regulatory documents concerning safety issues (melengkapi dokumen
peraturan berkaitan dengan masalah keamanan)
● Finishing projects on time and within budget (menyelesaikan pekerhaan tepat
waktu sesuai dengan anggaran)
2. A Manager
● Managing MAll project teams to develop, execute and complete assignments
(mengatur pekerjaan kecil kepada projek team untuk mengembangkan, mengeksekusi
dan menyelesaikan tugas)
● Organizing team roles and evaluating employee performance (mengatur
peran tim dan mengevaluasi kinerja pegawai)
● Documenting operational tasks and reporting to upper-level management
(mendokumentasikan tugas operasional dan melaporkan ke atasan)
19
 ● Performing employee reviews and assessments (memberikan review pegawi dan
penilaian)
● Assist with new employee onboarding and training program (membantu pegawai baru
menjalani dan program pelatihan)
3. A Librarian
● helping people find books and check them out (membantu pengunjung menemukan
buku dan mengambilkannya)
● Helping people do research (membantu orang melakukan penelitian)
● Helping look for material (membantu mencari materi)
● maintain the library’s database (mengatur database perpustakaan)
4. An Animator
● Conceptualizing ideas for characters, scenes, backgrounds and other animation
elements
(mengkonsepkan ide untuk karakter, scenes, background, dan elemen animasi lainnya)
● Creating character sketches for new animations (membuat sket karakter untuk animasi
baru)
● Developing storyboards for animation projects (mengembangkan storyboard
untuk projek animasi)
● Working with the story editors to merge the various layers of animation (bekerja
dengan editor cerita untuk menggabungkan layer animasi)
5. A Market Researcher
● Monitor and predict sales and marketing trends. (mengawasi dan memprediksi tren
penjualan dan marketing)
● Measure how well marketing strategies and programs are working. (mengukur
bagaimana strategi dan program penjualan yang bagus bisa bekerja)
● Develop and evaluate ways to collect data including opinion polls, questionnaires, and
surveys.
(mengembangkan dan mengevaluasi cara untuk mengumpulkan data)
● Collect data on market conditions, competitors and consumers. (mengumpulkan data
dan kondisi pasar, pesaing dan konsumen)
● Analyze collected data with statistical software. (menganalisis data terkumpul dengan
software statistic)
● Convert findings and complex data into tables, written reports and graphs clients can
understand. (mengkonversi penemukan dan data yang kompleks menjadi table,
laporan tertulis, grafik yang bisa dipahami oleh klien)
● Create reports and share results with management and clients. (membuat
laporan dan menyebarkan hasil dengan managemen maupun klien)
Application Letter

20
Setelah kalian menganalisis beberapa pekerjaan di atas, saatnya sekarang mempelajari bagaimana
membuat surat lamaran pekerjaan itu. Perlu kalian ketahui bahwa ada berbagai versi atau
format surat lamaran pekerjaan, dan salah satunya ialah sebagai berikut:

Dalam contoh surat di atas, ada beberapa bagian surat yang perlu kamu ketahui (perhatikan
penanda angka di atas)
1. Your address (alamatmu)
2. The address of the company you are writing to. Use complete title and address; don't
abbreviate.
(alamat perusahaan yang kamu lamar. Gunakan judul dan alamat yang lengkap, jangan
disingkat)
3. Always make an effort to write directly to the person in charge of hiring.
(usahakan untuk menulis nama orang langsung yang bertanggung jawab
terhadap lowongan tersebut)
4. Opening paragraph – Use this paragraph to specify which job you are applying for,
or, if you are writing to inquire whether a job position is open, question the
availability of an opening. (Paragraf pembuka – gunakan paragraph ini untuk
21
 mengkhususkan pekerjaan mana yang ingin kamu lamar, atau jika kamu menulis untuk
menanyakan lowongan yang tersedia, tanyakan ketersediaan lowongan)
5. Middle paragraph(s)/body – This section should be used to highlight your work
experience which most closely matches the desired job requirements presented in the
job opening advertisement. Do not simply restate what is contained in your resume,
but give strong reasons why you are suited to the position. (paragraph tengah – bagian
ini harus berisikan penegasan pengalaman kerja yang sesuai dengan persyaratan
pekerjaan yang dibutuhkan. Jangan hanya meringkas apa yang sudah kamu tuliskan di
resume, tetapi berikan alasan kuat mengapa kamu cocok dengan posisi tersebut)
6. Closing paragraph – Use the closing paragraph to ensure action on the part of the
reader. One possibility is to ask for an interview appointment time. Make it easy for
the personnel department to contact you by providing your telephone number and
email address. (Paragraf penutup – gunakan paragraf ini untuk meyakinkan aksi
kepada pembaca. Kemungkinan untuk meminta waktu wawancara. Mudahkanlah
perusahaan untuk menghubungi kamu dengan menuliskan nomor telpon dan alamat
email)
7. Always sign the application letter. ("enclosure" indicates that you are enclosing your
resume.)
(berikan tanda tangan di surat lamaran)
Itulah kalian struktur ataupun hal-hal yang bisa kamu perhatikan ketika kamu ingin membuat
surat lamaran pekerjaan. Boleh kok kamu coba praktekkan membuat surat lamaran, untuk
belajar sekaligus persiapan jika kamu ingin melamar pekerjaan.
Grammar Review – Passive Voice
Secara umum, passive voice mempunyai rumus sebagai berikut:
S + be + past participle + (by agent)
Keterangan
S : Subjek
be : auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be, dll) past
participle : kata kerja bentuk ke 3 (Past pasticiple)
(by agent) : pelaku dari tindakan
Perlu diketahui ya kalian, dalam membuat passive voices itu tidak terlepas dari tenses, yang
pernah kita pelajari sejak kelas tujuh baik itu simple present tense, present continuous
tense, present perfect tense, dan yang lainnya.
Intinya beda tense, berbeda rumusnya dan yang berbeda hanyalah auxiliary verb-nya (kata kerja
bantunya). Untuk lebih jelasnya, kalian bisa simak sebagai berikut.
a. Simple Present Tense (S + am/is/are + V3)
b. Present Continuous Tense (S + am/is/are + being + V3)
c. Present Perfect Tense (S + have/has + been + V3)
d. Simple Past Tense (S + was/were + V3)
e. Past Continuous Tense (S + was/were + being + V3)
f. Past Perfect Tense (S + had + been + V3)
g. Simple Future Tense (S + will/shall + be + V3)
h. Future Continuous Tense (S + will/shall + be + being + V3)
22
i. Future Perfect Tense (S + will/shall + have been + V3)
Contoh:
1. Active voice: They had invented something in our land. Passive voice: Something had
been invented by them in our land.
2. Active voice: Soldiers will not say something behind us. Passive voice: Something will
not be said by soldiers behind us.
3. Active voice: Elena resembles a flower with this actress. Passive voice: Flower is
resembled by Elena with this actress.
4. Active voice: Stefan painted your house yesterday. Passive voice: Your house was
painted by Stefan yesterday.
5. Active voice: Damon is listening to Japanese music. Passive voice: Japanese music is
being listened to by Damon.
6. Active voice: Ray has repaired your motorcycle. Passive voice: Your motorcycle had
been repaired by Ray.
7. Active voice: Caroline wears a unique jacket. Passive voice: Unique jacket is worn by
Caroline.
8. Active voice: We have tried this game last Sunday. Passive voice: This game have been
tried by us last Sunday.
9. Active voice: You and I will kill the Netherland soldiers. Passive voice: The Netherland
soldiers will be killed by You and I.
10. Active voice: John will visit Felicia next week. Passive voice: Felicia will be visited by
John next week.
11. Active voice: Vano was listening to a good song yesterday morning. Passive voice: A
good song was being listened to by Vano yesterday morning.
12. Active voice: Anthony Kurniawan gave a flower to me in front of this class. Passive
voice: A flower was given by Anthony Kurniawan to me in front of this class.
13. Active voice: Harry pulled the door until it broke last week. Passive voice: The door was
pulled by Harry until broken last week.
14. Active voice: We saw this movie last night at bioscope. Passive voice: This movie was
seen by us last night at bioscope.
15. Active voice: Andrea and Helena will play badminton next week. Passive voice:
Badminton will be played by Andrea and Helena next week.
16. Active voice: I listen to this song every night. Passive voice: This song is listened to by
me every night.
17. Active voice: Joseph will take the fruit tomorrow. Passive voice: The fruit will be taken
by Joseph tomorrow.
18. Active voice: Ron has read my book last time. Passive voice: My book has been read by
Ron last time.
19. Active voice: Ginny has brought a good bag. Passive voice: A good bag has been brought
by Ginny.
20. Active voice: You were pulling this door last night at 8 o’clock. Passive voice: This door
was being pulled by you last night at 8 o’clock.

23
 Setelah itu, yuk coba kita kerjakan soal sebagai berikut, mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi
kalimat pasif
1. He manages the local branch of a national shoe retailer.
The local branch of a national shoe retailer is managed by him.
2. The company has advertised the job opportunity in the national newspaper.
The job opportunity in the national newspaper has been advertised by the
company.
3. He developed time management tools for staff.
Time management tools for staff were developed by him
4. She will enclose her resume in the application
letter. Her resume in the application letter will
be enclosed
5. Linda is writing an application letter for the position as a secretary.
An application letter for the position as a secretary is being written by Linda
Okay, kalian, kita sudah mempelajari bagaimana mengindentifikasi pekerjaan, menulis surat
lamaran dan mereview kembali passive voice. Selanjutnya silahkan kerjakan soal latihan
berikut.
Exercise
Change this sentence into passive voice!
1. A dog bit that chew toy.
2. They had opened a new shop near the park.
3. Rahmi was saving her money in the bank.
4. We were feeding two kittens at home.
5. He is reading a comic book in his bedroom.
Choose the best answer!
1. Daddy drinks A cup of coffee every a. My brother was repaired the
day. motorcycle yesterday
Passive voice is: b. The motorcycle was repaired by
a. A cup of coffee was drink by my brother yesterday
daddy every day c. The motorcycle was repaired by
b. A cup of coffee is drink by daddy my brother yesterday
every day d. My brother was being repaired
c. A cup of coffee is drunk by daddy the motorcycle yesterday
every day e. The toy had been fixed by my
d. A cup of coffee is drank by daddy aunt yesterday
every day 3. Johan has taken an English course.
e. A cup of coffee was being drink Passive voice is:
by daddy every day a. Johan has been taken an English
2. My brother repaired the motorcycle course
yesterday. b. An English course taken by Johan
Passive voice is: c. An English course has been taken
by Johan

24
 d. English courses have taken by e. will invite
Johan 8. Her first book _________
e. English course will be taken by tomorrow morning.
Johan a. is launched
4. Mr. Joko is teaching English at b. was launched
Junior High School. c. will be launched
d. will launch
a. Mr. Joko is teached English at Junior e. launchs
High School. 9. A plate of fried rice ______ every
b. English is teaching by Mr. Joko at Sunday morning by my mother.
Junior High School. a. were cooked
c. English is taught by Mr. Joko at b. is cooked
Junior High School. c. are cooked
d. English is being taught by Mr. d. will cook
Joko at Junior High School. e. cooks
e. English are taught by Mr. Joko at 10. ‘Last night a thief broke into my
Junior High School. brother’s house’
5. They were watching a horror film at ‘Really? What …. from the house?’
cinema. a. the took
a. A horror film is watching by them at b. was to take
cinema. c. was being taken
b. They were watched a horror film d. was taking
at cinema. e. was taken
c. A horror film was watched by
them at cinema.
d. A horror film was being watched
by they at cinema.
e. A horror film was being watched
by them at cinema.
6. Pilihlah jawaban yang passive voice
nya paling tepat untuk melengkapi
kalimat pada soal dibawah ini:
In the 1930’s, this TV ________
a. is manufactured
b. was manufactured
c. will be manufactured
d. is manufacturing
e. manufactures
7. He ____ to my wedding party.
a. are invited
b. have been invited
c. has been invited
d. invited
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 BAB 5

Who was Involved?

Halo kalian? Semoga semuanya sehat dan bahagia ya. Yuk, kita lanjutkan pembelajaran bahasa
Inggris kelas 12 bab 5 tentang news item text.
News Item Text
Sederhananya, news item ini merupakan teks yang menyerupai berita, yang umumnya
menceritakan kejadian atau peristiwa dengan runut, lengkap, serta menarik. Biasanya kejadian
yang diberitakan juga berita-berita yang penting, bukan berita biasa-biasa saja. Isi dari news item
ini pun juga memiliki dampak yang besar, misalnya perlu diketahui banyak orang atau bisa
mempengaruhi banyak orang. Namun perlu diperhatikan bahwa isi dari teks ini juga harus
berupa fakta dan terpercaya, tidak jarang dilengkapi dengan sumber dalam tulisan, baik itu
jurnal, saksi mata atau yang lainnya.
Generic Structure of News Item
Dalam teks news item, ada 3 struktur utama yang bisa kamu ketahui dan diantaranya ialah
sebagai berikut:
● Newsworthy event
Bagian ini juga disebut main event atau peristiwa inti yang menjadi headline utama dalam
sebuah teks. Umumnya berisikan berita yang diringkas dan mudah dipahami oleh pembaca.
● Background event
Bisa disebut sebagai latar belakang kejadian. Bagian ini perlu dituliskan sedetail mungkin
dan memiliki unsur 5W+1H agar pembaca lebih mudah memahami isi dan konteks berita.
Latar belakang yang tidak lengkap akan membuat pembaca bingung dan pastinya
menjadikan tulisan tidak layak untuk diberitakan.
● Source
Ini merupakan sumber kejadian yang dicantumkan dalam berita. Pastikan akan
keabsahan atau keaslian sumber terlebih dulu, sebelum diterbitkan. Sumber berita ini
bisa saksi mata, pendapat ahli atau jurnal ilmiah.
Main Points of News Item
Ketika kamu ingin menuliskan news item, maka ada beberapa hal penting yang perlu kamu
ketahui dan diantaranya sebagai berikut.
1. Fokus pada inti berita. Hindari menuliskan panjang lebar. Tulisan yang bertele-tele
akan mengurangi bagian penting dari berita.
2. Pastikan menggunakan bahasa yang baik, benar dan mudah dimengerti.
3. Menggunakan past tense untuk kejadian yang sudah berlalu, atau menggunakan
present tense jika peristiwa masih berlangsung.

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 4. Umumnya menggunakan kalimat kutipan, seperti: told, informed, reported, stated
dan yang lainnya.
5. Mencatumkan lokasi kejadian di awal kalimat, seperti: Jakarta, Jogja, Bekasi atau
wilayah lainnya.
6. Pada bagian headline khususnya dan bagian yang lain, pastikan tulisan singkat,
padat, serta jelas.
Example of News Item
Supaya kamu lebih jelas tentang teks news item, yuk baca dan pahami contoh news item
sebagai berikut:
The construction of the Jakarta metropolitan area’s new 21-kilometer-long Antasari–
Depok–Bogor toll road kicked off on Thursday as the government boosted efforts to support the
capital city’s expansion.
The toll road connection will give the public an alternative access to ease congestion on Jl.
Sawangan and Jl. Margonda in Depok, which is the only major route to Jakarta from Depok.
“The Antasari- Depok toll road is an important project as it is part of the ring and radial road
system in Jakarta,” Public Works Ministry Director General of Highways Djoko Murjanto said
during the launch.
(Source: The Jakarta Post, May 9, 2014)
Setelah membaca teks di atas, kira-kira informasi apa yang bisa kamu dapatkan? Yuph,
informasi utama dalam berita di atas ialah pada paragraf pertama, yang memberitakan
bahwa Jalan toll Antasari-Depok-Bogor sepanjang 21 km mulai dibangun oleh pemerintah
sebagai upaya ekspansi kota megapolitan.
Paragraf kedua, merupakan penjelasan tambahan mengenai berita, yang berisikan 5W + 1H:
What? The construction of the Jakarta metropolitan area’s new 21-kilometer-long Antasari–
Depok–Bogor toll.
Why? as the government boosted efforts to support the capital city’s expansion.
Who? The Indonesian government, especially Public Works Ministry
Where? on Jl. Sawangan and Jl. Margonda in Depok, which is the only major route to
Jakarta from Depok
When? The toll road kicked off on Thursday
Linguistic Features
Dari teks berita di atas, kita bisa menemukan bahwa ada ciri kebahasaan yang bisa ditemui,
diantaranya:
● Menggunakan past tense, contohnya: the toll road kicked off on Thursday
● Menggunakan kutipan,
“The Antasari- Depok toll road is an important project as it is part of the ring and
radial road system in Jakarta,” Public Works Ministry Director General of Highways
Djoko Murjanto said during the launch.

Reported Speech
Kali ini kita akan belajar tentang reported speech. Reported speech pada dasarnya merupakan
perubahan direct speech (kalimat langsung) menjadi indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
Reported speech sendiri biasanya digunakan untuk menyampaikan kembali apa yang dikatakan.
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Ada beberapa hal yang perlu kamu tahu ketika mengubah kalimat langsung menjadi tidak
langsung, diantaranya ialah sebagai berikut:
● Tidak perlu lagi menggunakan tanda kutip (“”), seperti pada kalimat tidak langsung.
● Biasanya ada tambahan kata that, namun opsional. Selain that, terkadang
juga ditambah if atau whether.
● Ubah pronoun menjadi orang ketiga. Pastikan kamu sudah tahu siapa
yang menyampaikan pesan pertama kali.
● Dalam kalimat tidak langsung, terkadang ada keterangan waktu (time of reference)
agar informasi lebih jelas.
● Sesuaikan dengan grammar yang dipakai, kalau past tense ya past tense, dan sebagainya.

Perkataan atau direct speech yang diubah ke dalam reported speech dapat berupa
pernyataan (statement), perintah atau ajakan (imperative), atau pertanyaan (yes-or-no
question), serta pertanyaan yang menyangkut suatu informasi (information question).
Dalam reported speech, kita mengubah format perkataan seseorang (direct
speech) sehingga dapat lebih mudah dipahami oleh pembaca berikut ini beberapa
contohnya:

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1. He said he wanted to order coffee.
(Dia bilang ia ingin memesan kopi)
2. He asked what he wanted to eat for lunch.
(Dia bertanya ia ingin makan apa untuk makan siang)
3. He said he couldn’t pick up my sister from school today.
(Dia bilang ia tidak dapat menjemput adikku sekolah hari ini)
4. He said he wanted to add sweet vanilla to my coffee.
(Dia bilang ia ingin menambahkan vanilla manis di kopiku)
5. She asked if I wanted to go to the library.
(Dia bertanya apakah aku ingin pergi ke perpustakaan)
6. She said he wants to go to the beach this weekend.
(Dia bilang ia ingin pergi ke pantai akhir minggu ini)
7. She told me that he will graduate from university next year.
(Dia memberitahuku bahwa ia akan lulus dari universitas tahun depan)
8. Jihan said that the weather that day was very good.
(Jihan berkata bahwa cuacanya hari itu amat baik)
9. He warned me not to come home late.
(Dia memperingatkan agar aku tidak pulang terlambat)
10. Jessica asked me to send the report.
(Jessica memintaku untuk mengirim laporannya)
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