FIZIK TINGKATAN 4

BAB 2

DAYA DAN GERAKAN

2.1 GERAKAN LINIER

APA YANH KAMU LIHAT DARI GAMBAR INI ?

4m A B 3m

JARAK

Jarak, d : Jumlah panjang lintasan bagi suatu jasad bergerak. : Unit S.I. nya adalah meter(m)
: Ialah kuantiti skalar

4m A B 3m

CONTINUE

SESARAN

Sesaran, s : Jarak suatu jasad bergerak pada lintasan yang pendek dalam arah tertentu. Unit S.I. nya adalah meter (m) Ialah kuantiti vektor.

PERBEZAAN
JARAK SESARAN
1. Jumlah jarak yang dilalui dari 1. Jarak antara dua tempat satu tepat ke satu tempat yang dikira dengan mengambil jarak yang paling dekat. 2. Kuatiti skalar- hanya mempunyai magnitud
B A C A

2. Kuatiti vektor mempunyai magnitud dan arah

B

3. A

C = jarak

3.A

C = sesaran

LAJU

Laju : Kadar perubahan jarak laju = jarak ; v d t masa Unit S.I. nya adalah ms Ialah kuantiti skalar
1

HALAJU

Halaju : Kadar perubahan sesaran halaju = sesaran; v s t masa Unit S.I. nya adalah ms Ialah kuantiti vektor
1

Acceleration
In general, Acceleration means change in velocity per unit time. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

Acceleration =

Change in velocity Time taken for the change

Acceleration,

a=

Final velocity-Initial velocity Time taken

a= vu t
Where,

v = final velocity u = initial velocity t = time taken

Vector Quantity SI unit of acceleration is ms-2

Deceleration
Deceleration is the rate of decrease in velocity
STOP MOVING

Time taken is 20s v = 0 ms-1 u = 50 ms-1

PENYELESAIAN MASALAH
SOALAN 1
A 100 m 80 m 50 m C B

Berapakah jumlah jarak dari A ke D?

PENYELESAIAN
Jumlah jarak, d = 100 m + 80 m + 50 m = 230 m

SOALAN 2
A 100 m 80 m 50 m C B

Jika masa yang diambil oleh bas untuk bergerak dari A ke D adalah 300 saat, berapakah purata laju bas tersebut?

PENYELESAIAN
Jumlah jarak dilalui, d m Purata Laju ,v Jumlah masa , t s
= 230 m / 300 s = 0.767 m/s

SOALAN 3
Seekor lembu berjalan sepanjang jalan melengkung dari P ke Q, iaitu 70 meter dari P. Q terletak di barat daya dari P. jarak yang dilalui oleh lembu adalah 240m dan mengambil masa selama 160 s.
N P

Kira a)purata laju

b)purata halaju
yang dilalui oleh lembu.

PENYELESAIAN
Jumlah jarak, d= 240 m Sasaran, s = 70 m

Masa, t= 160 s

a)

Jumlah jarak dilalui, d m Purata Laju ,v Jumlah masa , t s

= 240 m / 160 s = 1.5 m/s

b)

sasaran, s m Purata Halaju ,v masa , t s

= 70 m / 160 s = 0.44 m/s (dari timur laut arah

P)

Example :
A sprinter runs from the starting line and achieves a velocity of 18ms-1 in 3s.Calculate his acceleration. Answer: We know that: u = 0ms-1 v = 18ms-1 t = 3s a = v-u t = 18 - 0 ms-1 3s = 6 ms-2

Problem to solve..
A stationary car achieves a velocity of 40ms-1 in 10 seconds. Calculate the acceleration of the car. (Assume that the acceleration of the car is uniform throughout the journey).

Answer :
Acceleration = Change of velocity Time = Final velocity Initial velocity Time = 40ms-1 0ms-1 10s = 4ms-2

Problem to solve..
Suppose the car was moving with an initial velocity of 12 ms-1 and takes 6s to stop. Calculate its acceleration.

Answer :
We know that, u = 12 ms-1 v = 0 ms-1 t=6s a = v - u = 0ms-1 - 12 ms-1 = -2 ms-2 t 6s So, we can say that the car accelerates at -2 ms-2 or the car decelerates at 2 ms-2 .

SUMMARY
Distance is the total path length travelled from one to location to another. It is a scalar quantity has magnitude only. Displacement is the distance between two locations measured along the shortest path connecting them. It is a vector quantity has magnitude and direction. The SI unit of distance and displacement is meter (m). Speed is the rate of change of distance. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.

The SI unit of speed and velocity is meter per second (m/s)

Conclusion
change in velocity (ms-1)

v
change in time (s)

acceleration (ms-2)