Gol I --- Garam Ca tak Larut

Gol II --- Garam Ba tak Larut

Gol III--- Garam Zn tak Larut

Gol IV--- Garam Ag tak Larut
Gol V--- Gol sisa

+ HCl / H2SO4e
CO3-2, HCO3-, SO3-2, S2O3-2, S-2, NO2-2, ClO-, CN-, CNO
+ H2SO4 p
F-, SiFe-2, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-, MnO4-, BrO3-, Fe(CN)6-4,
Fe(CN)6-3, BO3-3, CNS-, HCOO-, CH3COO-, (COO)2-2, (C4H4O6)-2,
(C6H5O7)-3

Reaksi pengendapan
SO4-2, S2O3-2, PO4-3, HPO3-2, H2PO2-, AsO4-3, AsO3-3, CrO4-3,
Cr2O7-2, SiO3-2, (SiF6)-2, C6H5COO
Reaksi Redoks
MnO4-, CrO4-2, Cr2O7-2

1. NO2Kertas KI + H2SO4e --- tttskn lart --- biru (+)

NO2- (+) --- dihilangkan + asam sulfamat --- biru (-)
1Bila NO2- (-)
Lart + H2SO4 --- dinginkan --- lwt dinding tabung +
FeSO4, Diamkan 1-2--- cincin coklat NO3- (+) (Reaksi diganggu Br-,
I-, ClO3-, NO2-)

1SCNLart + 1 tts FeCl3 --- merah darah

1S2O3-2
Lart + 2 tts AgNO3 --- end putih (+) --- kuning --- hitam
(+)
Sudah tes pendahuluan
Larutan dinetralkan dengan NaOH ad sedikit alkalis (pH
7-8)

+ NaoH ad netral / agak alkalis + Ca(NO3)2 ad mengendap sempurna

Tapisan Gol II, III, IV, V

Endapan Gol I Cuci dgn air

End terdiri dari : CaCO3, CaSO4, CaF2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2,

Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat Endapan dibagi dua

2. + HCl dipanaskan,
dinginkan + air Brom dan
BaCl2

1+ HCl --- gas Ca(OH)2 --- end (+) CO3-2, SO3+ air Brom dan BaCl2 --- and (-) --- SO3-2 (-)
Tapisan : CaF2, CaCl2, CaC2O4, Ca3(AsO3)2, Ca3(AsO4)2,
Ca3(PO4)2, Ca tartrat
+ NaOH ad alkalis + Mg(NO3)2, diamkan 10, saring

Tapisan + H2O2 [ oksalat tartrat (-) ]

dipanaskan, dinginkan, saring
1End putih AsO3 (+)
2Filtrat dipanaskan ad H2S hilang + NH4OHp
+ Mg(NO ) --- end putih PO (+)

Endapan
BaSO4

Endapan Mg.(NH4)PO4.6H2O
Mg.(NH4)AsO4.6H2O
Lart + Hcle + NaHCO3 padat <<
+ KI padat --- kuning coklat AsO4,
As2O3 (+)

Tapisan II, III, IV, V

Netralkan pH 7-8 + Ba(NO3)2 ad sempurna

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V

Endapan Gol II
Cuci, BaSO4; BaCrO4 + HCl ad pH 1

Endapan BaSO4 + H2SO4p dipanaskan,

dinginkan --- end putih (kristal rozet)

Tapisan II, III, IV,

Jika tidak berwarna CrO4 (-)
Warna Kunig + NaOH ad netral --- end kuning orange CrO 4 (+)

Tapisan Gol III, IV, V

+ HNO3 e ad sedikit asam + Zn(NO3)2 bertetes ad megendap sempurna

Endapan Gol III

Zn(CN)2, ZnFe(CN)6, Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2
+ NH4OHad end larut + AgNO3
+ Na2SO3 ad warna coklat (-), saring

Tapisan Gol IV, V

Endapan + HCle + bbrp tts FeCl3

1End biru / warna biru Fe(CN)2 (+)
2End coklat Fe(CN)3 (+)

Tapisan
NH4[Ag(CN)2] + HNO3 dipanaskan ad NH3 hilang, saring

Endapan Ag2CN + (NH4)2S

Tapisan AgCNS + HCl

+ FeCl3 --- merah darah CN (+)

End Ag2S

Tapisan dibuang

Tapisan Gol IV, V

+ HNO3 ad asam + AgNO3 ad mengendap sempurna
Endapan Gol IV
AgCl, AgBr, AgI, AgCNS, AgS2O3 (---Ag2S)
+NH4OH ad larut, hangatkan + (NH4)2S ad endapan hitam habis

Endapan Ag2S

Tapisan
Gol V

Tapisan NH4Cl, NH4I, NH4Br, NH4CNS

dipanaskan ad bau NH3 hilang, dinginkan + HNO3 ad asam
+ 3-5 ml CCl4/ CHCl3, gojog 3
Lapisan air
Dipanaskan + KMnO4 <<
+ CCL4 / CHCl3, gojog

Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- ungu I2 (+)

Lapisan air dibagi dua

1+ FeCl3 << --- merah CNS (+)
2+ NaNO2 + AgNO3 --- end putih Cl2 (+)
Lapisan CCL4 / CHCl3--- kuning coklat Br2 (+)

Tapisan Gol V
ClO3-, CH3COO-, NO3-, NO2Tapisan dibagi dua:
+ 1 ml H2SO4 e
+ AgNO3 dipanaskan end putih
+ NH4OH --- larut ClO3- (+)
Dinetralkan + FeCl3
--- end merah CH3COO- (+)

1 CO3-2
a dengan HCle
CO3-2 + H+ --- CO2
+ H2O
CO2 + Ca+2 + 2 OH- --- end CaCO3 + H2O
CO2 + Ba+2 + 2 OH- --- end BaCO3 + H2O
b Dengan AgNO3
2 Ag+ + CO3-2 --- end perak Ag2CO3
HCO31
Pendidihan
HCO3- dipanaskan 100OC, CO2

--- + Ca+2 + OH- -- end CaCO3 + H2O

SO3-2
1
Dalam HCle --- SO3-2 + 2H+ --- SO2

(bau S-2) + H2O

S2O3-2
1
+ HCl --- end S + SO2 + H2O
+ I2 --- 2I- + S4O6-2 (tetrationat)
1S-2
+ HCl --- H2S
+ AgNO3 --- Ag2S

+ Pb+2 (hitam) --- larut dalam HNO3 e, dipanaskan

1[Fe(CN)6]-4 (Heksasianoferat (II)

+ FeCl3 --- end Fe4[Fe(CN)6]-3 (biru) [Feriferosianida]
+ CuSO4 --- end Cu2[Fe(CN)6] (coklat)
1CNAgNO3 --- CN- + Ag+ --- end Ag(CN) + CN- ---[Ag(CN)2]
1SCN+ CuSO4 --- end Cu(SCN)2 hijau + HSO3- --- hitam
end Cu(SCN)2 + SO2 +2 H2O --- end 2CuSCN (putih) +2 SCN- + SO4-2 + 4H+

1NO2- (nitrit)
+ HCl e --- HNO2 dipanaskan HNO3 + 2NO
+ H 2O
+ CH3COOH --- HNO2 + CH3COO3 HNO2 --- H2O + HNO3 + 2 NO
+ FeSO4 + NO
--- [Fe(NO)]SO4
1[Fe(CN)6]-3 (Heksasianoferat (III)
+ FeCl3 --- end Fe [Fe(CN)6] (coklat)
+ CuSO4 --- end Cu3[Fe(CN)6]-2 (hijau)

1Cl+H2SO4p : HClp + HSO4- + Pb(CH3COO)2 --- end PbCl2 (putih)

1I+ H2SO4 --- I2
+ SO4-2 + 2 H2O
I2 + Pb+2--- end PbI2 (kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
1ClO3+ H2SO4 --- 2 ClO2
+ ClO4- + 3 SO4-2 + 2H+ + K+ + H2O
+ HI --- I2
+ Cl- + 3 H2O
(kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
1Br+ HNO3 --- 3 Br2
+ 2NO
+ 6 NO3- + 4 H2O
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ ai Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah
1BrO3+ Ag --- End AgBrO3 (putih) + 2NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + BrO3+ HI --- I2
+ Cl- + 3 H2O
(kuning)
I2 + Amylum --- biru
+ H2SO4 --- HBr + HSO4- + K+ (lart coklat kemerahan)
+ air Klor (Cl2) --- Br2 + 2 Cl- (gojog dgn kloroform/ CCl4) --- lapisan CHCl3 merah

1ClO4-2 (perklorat)
+ K+ --- end KClO4 (putih)
+ NH3 --- end NH4ClO4 (putih)
1CrO4-2 dan Cr2O7-2
CrO4-2 + Ba+2 --- end BaCrO4 (kuning)
Cr2O7-2 + 2 Ba+2 + H2O --- end 2 BaCrO4 (kuning dipinggir) + 2H+
1MnO4+ 5 H2S + 6 H+ --- end S-2 + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O
+ 5 Fe+2 + 3 H+ --- end 5 Fe+3 + Mn+2 + 4 H2O
+ 5 NO2- + 6 H+ --- end 5 NO3- + 2 Mn+2 + 8 H2O

1SO4-2
+ Ba+2 --- end BaSO4 (putih)
+ Pb+2 --- end PbSO4 (putih)
+ 2 Ag+ --- end Ag2SO4 (putih)
1IO3+ Ag --- End AgIO3 (putih) + 2 NH3 --- [Ag(NH3)2]+ + IO3[Ag(NH3)2]+ + H2SO3 --- end AgI + 3 SO3-2 + 2 NH4 + 4 H+ (beda dgn
BrO3-