Settlement Building 10 at MIT

Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

The building underwent differential settlement and was

slightly

Settlement of building in downtown Adapazari

Geotechnical Engineering

TEORI KONSOLIDASI

Proses mengecilnya volume tanah secara perlahan-lahan pada tanah jenuh

dengan permebilitas rendah akibat pengaliran sebagian air pori.
Proses ini berlangsung terus sampai dengan kelebihan tekanan air pori
yang disebabkan oleh kenaikan tegangan total telah hilang
p
ANALOG KONSOLIDASI

U0 = 0

U1 = p

p
p = U2 + p1

p
p = U3 + p2

U4 = 0

Laju penurunan akibat keluarnya air pori

DOUBLE DRAINED
POROUS

Ht

H
Ht
2

Ht

POROUS

SINGLE DRAINED
POROUS

Ht

Ht H
Tv.H t2
Cv
t

TIDAK POROUS

2
U
4
U 60% Tv 0,933 log1 U 0,085
U 60% Tv

Casagrande (1938), Taylor (194

penurunan akibat konsolidasi

agrande (1938), Taylor (1948)

U 60% Tv U 2
4
U 60% Tv 0,933 log1 U 0,085
U

St
%
Sc

4Tv

8
1

Tv 0,287 U 1 2 exp 2Tv

Tv 0,287 U

S t USc

U
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

Tv
0
0.008
0.031
0.071
0.126
0.197
0.287
0.403
0.567
0.848

100

0
10
20
30
40
50
U, %
60
70
80
90
100

2
U
4

U 60% Tv

U 60% Tv 0,933 log1 U 0,085

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Tv

sagrande dan Fadum (1940)

R 0 18,97

og-time Fitting MethodU=50%

t

0
0.25
1
2.25
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
121
144
169
196
400
1444

19.202
19.074
18.712
18.541
18.44
18.306
18.237
18.196
18.167
18.13
18.107
18.096
18.093
18.082
18.075
18.075
18.06
18.051
18.031

R100 18,09
R50

R 0 R100 18,97 18,09

18.53
18,53
2
2

19.20
19.10
19.00

18,97
18.90
18.80

R0

18.70
18.60

Settlement, mm
18.50
18.40
18.30
18.20

R50

18.10
18.00
17.90
17.80

18.09
17.70
17.60
17.50
0.1

R100
1

2,3

10

100

Log(time), min

1000

10000

U 50 Tv ?
U
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

Tv
0
0.008
0.031
0.071
0.126
0.197
0.287
0.403
0.567
0.848

100

0
10
20
30
40
50
U, %
60
70
80
90
100

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.197

Tv

U 50 Tv 0,197
Tv .H t2
Cv
t50
HR
double drained
2
H
H akhir
H R awal
2
Ht

19,202 18,031
18,6165
2
18,6165
Ht
9,30825
2
0,197 0,9308252
Cv
2,3 60

HR

0.001237cm 2 /det

ylor (1948)

quare Root of Time MethodU=90%

19.4

t
0
0.25
1
2.25
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
121
144
169
196
400
1444

t
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
20
38

H
19.202
19.074
18.712
18.541
18.44
18.306
18.237
18.196
18.167
18.13
18.107
18.096
18.093
18.082
18.075
18.075
18.06
18.051
18.031

19.2
19
18.8
H,mm
18.6
18.4
18.2
18
17.8
0
O

4
3,35

OR = 1,15 OP P R

10

12

14

16

18

20

U 90 Tv ?
U
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

Tv
0
0.008
0.031
0.071
0.126
0.197
0.287
0.403
0.567
0.848

100

0
10
20
30
40
50
U, %
60
70
80
90
100

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

0.848

Tv

U 50 Tv 0,848
Tv .H t2
Cv
t90
HR
double drained
2
H
H akhir
H R awal
2
H t2

19,202 18,031
18,6165
2
18,6165
Ht
9,30825
2
0,848 0,9308252
Cv
3,352 60

HR

0.001091cm 2 /det

Uji Konsolidasi
Di Lab

Z1, 1
Pasir
Z2, 2
Lapisan lempung
Cc

Pasir

p0=Z11 + Z22
p akibat bangunan

P
(kN/m2)
0
25
50
100
200
400
800
0

Initial Dial
Reading

Final Dial
Reading

10

10.215
10.351
10.481
10.652
10.849
11.05
10.75

0.215
0.351
0.481
0.652
0.849
1.05
0.75

H, mm

H, mm

20

0.215
0.351
0.481
0.652
0.849
1.05
0.75

19.79
19.65
19.52
19.35
19.15
18.95
19.25

e=
(H-Hs)/Hs

e wGs
0,245 x 2,7 0,662

H
1 e
19,25

11,582
1 0,662

Hs

P
Initial Dial Final Dial
H, mm
(kN/m2) Reading Reading
0
25
50
100
200
400
800
0

10
10.215
10.351
10.481
10.652
10.849
11.05
10.75

0
0.215
0.351
0.481
0.652
0.849
1.05
0.75

0
0.215
0.351
0.481
0.652
0.849
1.05
0.75

H, mm
20
19.79
19.65
19.52
19.35
19.15
18.95
19.25

e=
(HHs)/Hs
0.727
0.709
0.697
0.685
0.671
0.653
0.636
0.662

19,79 11,582
11,582
19,65
11,582

19,52
11,582
11,582

19,35
11,582
11,582

19,15
11,582
11,582

11
,582
18,95
11,582

11,582

q=

400 kN/m2

Cc =

0.731

Cv =

5E-10 m2/det

e0 =

q = 400 kN/m2

B = 2m

0.727

B=

2 m

Z=

7 m

B+Z=

9 m2

(B+Z)2 =

81 m2

= 18,6 kN/m3
H1 = 5m
pasir

H2 = 4m

= 18,4 kN/m3
Cc = 0,731
Cv = 5 X 10-10 m2/det

p0 = z = 5*18,6+2*18,4
p0 =
p =A0/Az*q =
S=

129.8 kN/m2
19.7531

0.1042 m
10.4161 cm

t =1272345025 det
353429.174 jam

U=

0.45

Su =

4.6873

14726.2156 Hr

Tv =

0.159

40.3458 th

Ht =

pasir

Z=7m
= p0
=p

lempung

NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED
e

p = Z

Log p

OVER CONSOLIDATED
e

Z0
Z1
p0 = Z0
p1 = Z1
Log p

p0 = Z0

> p 1 = Z 1

NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED

OVER CONSOLIDATED

e
e0

Log p

Log p
Log p
e
e

0,42e

0,42e

Cc

e
log p

p0' p
Cc

SC
H log
'
1 e0
p0

Log p

P0

e
CR
P Pc
log P
e
Cc
P Pc
log P

Log p

OVER CONSOLIDATED
e
e0

0,42e
P0

Pc

Log p

OVER CONSOLIDATED

e
P Pc
log P
e
Cc
P Pc
log P
CR

e
Log p

e0

Log p

p 1 p p0'
p 1 pc'

SC

P
OCR c
P0

p
CR
H log 1'
1 e0
p0

p 1 p p0'
p1 pc'
pc'
p
C
CR
SC 1
H log ' c H log 1'
1 e0
p0 1 e0
pc

0,42e
P0

Pc

Log p

e =

p (kN/m2)

H (mm)

H (mm)

0,08635xH

20

0,727

50

19,649

0,351

0,0303

0,696

100

19,519

0,481

0,0415

0,685

0,652

0,0563

0,670

0,849

0,0733

0,653

0,0945

200

19,348

400

19,151

1,094

800

18,906

0,75

19,25

0,632
0,0648 0,662

e = w Gs
= 0,245 x 2,7
= 0,662
e 1 e

H
H
H
1 e
H

0,75
1 0,662
19,25

0,0648
e 1 e

H
H
e

1 e H
H

1 0,662 H
19,25

0,08635 H

e1 = 0,663
e2 =
0,641
200
Cc

e1 e2
log P2 log P1

e1 e2
log

P2
P1

0,663 0,641
600
log
300
0,0731

Sc

600

p p
Cc

H log 0
1 e0
p
0

p p
0,0731

H log 0
1 0,727
p
0

Cc = Indeks kompresi
Compresion index

e=

p (kN/m2)

H (mm)

H (mm)

20

0,727

50

19,649

0,351

0,0303

0,696

100

19,519

0,481

0,0415

0,685

200

19,348

0,652

0,0563

0,670

400

19,151

0,849

0,0733

0,653

800

18,906

1,094

0,0945

0,632

19,25

0,75

0,0648

0,662

0,08635xH

av = koefisien
pemampatan
mv =koefisen
perubahan
e e1 e2 volume
av

p p 2 p1
mv

av
1 e1

s mv Hp
0,670 0,653
0,000085
400 200
0,000085
mv
0,0000509
1 0,670
s 0,0000509 Hp
av