Contoh Soal

2.1 Sebuah pompa sentrifugal mempunyai sudu

berdiameter, d = 1,3 m mengalirkan air, Q = 3,5
m3/s, kecepatan ujung sudunya (tip speed), U2 =
10 m/s. kecepatan aliran masuk, Cr = Vr = 1,6 m/s
Sudut keluar sudu (β2) = 30o tangen thd keliling
sudu. Anggaplah tidak ada olakan pada sisi
masuk, dan slip pada sudu. Hitung momen puntir
poros yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan sudu
(Nm).
Exercise 2.1
Referring to Fig. 2.5, since there is no slip  2   21
The Euler head is given by Eq. (2.2):

w U 2C x 2  U1C x1
E 
mg g
But Cx1= 0 since there is no inlet whirl component.
U 2C x 2
Therefore E
g
U2
 (U 2  Wx 2 )
g
10 1.6
 (10  )
9.81 tan 30
= 7.26m or W/(N/s)
 Power delivered  E  (mg )
7.36  103  3.5  9.81

60
 4211.8W

Power
Torque delivered 
Angular Velocity

4211.8  0.65

10
= 273.7 N m
 Contoh Soal
2.2 Sebuah pompa sentrifugal mempunyai sudu tipe
backward dengan sudut keluar sudu (β2) = 30o
tangen thd keliling sudu. Lebar sudu pada sisi
keluar (b) = 20 mm, diameter sudu, d2 = 250 mm,
mengalirkan air, Q = 0,028 m3/s, kecepatan putar
poros 1450 rpm. Anggaplah slip pada sudu
sebesar 0,77. Hitung besarnya tinggi tekan yang
dihasilkan sudu (m) dan jumlah sudunya (n).
 Exercise 2.2

Consider first the no-slip condition in Fig. 2.5

Assuming blades of infinitesimal thickness the flow area may be Calculated as

Flow area = Impeller periphery x Blade Depth

   0.02  0,25
 15.7  103 m 2
Flow Velocity Cr 2  Q A
0.028

15.7  10 3

= 1.78 m/s
From the outlet velocity triangle
Cr 2
Wx 2 
tan 30
1.78

tan 30
= 3.08 m/s

Now
U 2  DN / 60
  0.25  1450

60
= 19 m/s
Absolute whirl component C x 2  U 2  Wx 2
= 19 – 3.08
= 15.92 m/s

From Eq (2.2) the Euler head is

U 2C x 2  U1C x1
E
g

And assuming Cx1 = 0 (no whirl at inlet)

19  15.92
E
30.83

= 30.83 m
From Eq. (2.5)
C ' x 2   s  Cx 2

Therefore the theoretical head with slip is

EN = 0.77 x 30.83
= 23.74 m

The Stodola slip factor is given by Eq. (2.6)

 sin  2
 s 1
Z [1  (Cr 2 U 2 ) cot  2 ]
Then
 sin 30
0.77  1 
Z [1  (1.78 19) cot 30]

whence, Z = 8.15
Say, number of blades required = 8
 Contoh Soal
2.3 Sudu sebuah pompa sentrifugal mempunyai jari-jari masuk
(eye radius) r1 = 51 mm dan diameter sudu keluar d2 = 406
mm tipe backward dengan kecepatan putar poros (n) 900
rpm sudut masuk dan keluar sudu terhadap arah aliran
radialnya masing-masing 75o dan 83o. Lebar sudur (b) = 64
mm, Anggaplah tidak ada olakan dan slip. Efisiensi pompa
89%. Hitung besarnya kapasitas (Q), tinggi tekan total
(Htotal) yang dihasilkan sudu (m), daya pompa (P) dan
daya motor(Pm).
Exercise 2.3
(a) Figure 2.5 may be used and in this case  '2   2 where

 2  90  83
 7
And  '1  1
1  90  75
 15
At inlet, tangential impeller velocity is
U1   r1
900  2
( )(0.051)
60
= 4.81 m/s
 From Fig. 2.4

Cr1 C1
tan 1   (since zero whirl)
U1 U1
C1= 4.81 tan 15

= 1.29 m/s

Volume flow through the pump is

Q = A1 V1
 2r1bCr1
 2  0.051 0.064 1.29
= 0.0265 m3/s
(b) using the continuity equation (Eq. (1.21))

r1Cr1 = r2Cr2
0.051 1.29
Cr 2 
0.203

= 0.324 m/s

At outlet, tangential impeller velocity is

U2   r2
900  2
( )(0.203)
60
= 19.13 m/s
 Total head developed by pump
Hydraulic efficiency 
Theoretica l head developed

H
H  (from Eq. (2.22))
E
If the change in potential head across the pump is ignored, the total
head developed by the pump is given by Eq. (2.1):

p2  p1 C22  C12
H ( )( )
g 2g

And for an incompressible fluid the total pressure head difference is

p02  p01 p2 C22 p1 C12

(  )(  )H
g g 2 g g 2 g
 Now

U 2C x 2 U 2
E  (U 2  Wx 2 )
g g
19.13 Cr 2
 (19.13  )
9.81 tan 7
19.13 0.324
 (19.13  )
9.81 tan 7

= 32.15 m

Therefore H = 0.89 x 31.91

= 28.6 m

Whence
p02  p01  28.6 10 3  9.81
= 278.5 kPa
At impeller exit
Cr 2
Cx2  U2 
tan  2
Cr 2
 19.13 
tan 7
= 16.49 m/s

C 2  (C r22  C x22 )1 2
 (0.3242  16.492 )1 2
= 16.49 m/s
Solving for the static pressure head

p2  p1 C22  C12
 H ( )
g 2g
16.49 2  1.29 2
 28.6  ( )
2g

p2  p1  143.5 k Pa

(c) Power given to fluid =  gQH

 10  9.81 0.0265  28.6
3

= 7.13 kW

(d) Input power to impeller = 7.43/0.89

= 8.35 kW
 Contoh Soal
2.4 Sebuah pompa sentrifugal mempunyai kecepatan spesifik
(dimensionless) (ns) 0,075 putaran, sudu tipe forward
dengan sudut keluar sudu (β2) = 120o. Lebar sudu pada sisi
keluar (b) = 1/10 diameter luar-nya, tinggi statik (Hs) = 35 m
mengalirkan air,Q = 0,04 m3/s. Diameter pipa hisap (ds) dan
tekan (dd) keduanya adalah 150 mm dengan panjang total
40 m, faktor gesek(f) =0.005. kehilangan tekan karena
fitting, pembesaran dan lain2 (minor losses) adalah 3 kali
tinggi tekan dinamik ( energi kinetik) pada pipa. Jika luas
sudu pada sisi keliling luasnya 6% dari luas keliling arah
keluar aliran (tegak lurus kecepatan radial) dan efisiensi
pompa 76 %,. Hitung diameter luar sudu (mm). Abaikan slip.
Exercise 2.4
The velocity diagram is shown in Fig. 2.4. From the continuity equation,
the velocity in the pipes is
 Q/A
0.04  4

  0.15 2
= 2.26 m/s
Total losses = Pipe friction losses + Other losses
4 flv 3v 2
 
2 gd 2g
2  0.005  40 v2
(  3)
0.15 2g
8.333  2.26 2

2  9.81
= 2.16 m
Total required head = 35 + 2.16
= 37.16 m

From Eq. (1.16) the speed of the pump is determined

NQ1 / 2
Ns 
( gh) 3 / 4
0.075(9.81 37.16) 3 / 4
N
(0.04)1 / 2

= 31.28 rev/s

Flow area perpendicular to impeller outlet periphery

D
 D   0.94
10
 0.295D 2
Now
Q
Cr 2 
Flow area
0.04

0.295 D 2
0.136
 2
m/s
D
Also U 2  ND
 31.28  D
= 98.3 D m/s
From Eq. (2.22) the hydraulic efficiency is
Fluid power developed by pump
H 
Fluid power supplied to impeller

H

E
Or
gH
Cx2 
U 2
9.81  37.16

98.3D  0.76
= 4.87/D m/s
The outlet velocity triangle gives

Cr 2
tan 60 
Cx2 U 2
0.136

D 2 (4.87 / D  98.3D)

Whence
D3 = 0.0495D - 0.0008
Impeller diameter D = 0.214 m