R2 – September 2018
Komplikasi
Anestesi Neuraksial
• Respon/efek yang
berlebihan dari tubuh
• Insersi jarum/kateter
• Toksisitas sistemik
• Gejala awal :
• Baal pada ekstremitas
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical
Anesthesiology. 6th ed.
High Spinal Block
• This level of blockade is usually unintentional,
resulting from unanticipated patient movement,
inappropriate positioning, or inappropriate doses
of local anesthetic.
Mulroy, M.F., et al. 2009. A Practical Approach to Regional Anesthesia. 4th ed.
High Spinal vs Total Spinal
High spinal Total spinal
• Gejala : • Meluas sampai dengan
• Penurunan kesadaran nervus kranial
• Apneu
• Hipotensi
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical
Anesthesiology. 6th ed.
Management of High Block
• Immediate Management: consider placing the
woman in head up position (reverse
Trendelenberg)
• When using hyperbaric or “heavy” solutions of
local anaesthetic, if head down position is used to
establish a block, it should be reversed as soon as
possible.
• Block height can be manipulated with positioning for 20-
30 mins when using hyperbaric solutions.
Poole, M. 2009. Update in Anesthesia: Management of high regional block in obstetrics.
Management of High Block
• Management is supportive and dependent on
degree and height of block.
• Early recognition is vital as block progression may
be mitigated (reverse trendelenberg/head raised)
or serious cardio-respiratory compromise avoided.
Newman, B. 2010. Complete Spinal Block Following Apinal Anaesthesia. Anaesthesia Tutorial of the
week. World Federation of societies of anaesthesiologists
Henti Jantung & Retensi Urin
HENTI JANTUNG RETENSI URIN
• Penyebab : • Blok S2-S4
• Respon vagal menurunkan tonus
• Preload rendah bladder
menghambat refleks
berkemih
• Pencegahan koreksi
hipovolemia
• Pertimbangan
pemasangan kateter
urin
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018.
Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th ed.
Anestesi Inadekuat &
Injeksi Intravaskuler
ANESTESI INADEKUAT INJEKSI INTRAVASKULER
• Penyebab : • Kadar obat anestesi
• Fiksasi kurang baik lokal yang tinggi dalam
pergerakan jarum saat pembuluh darah
injeksi • Sistem saraf pusat :
• Insersi jarum inkomplit kejang, penurunan
pada ruang sub kesadaran
araknoid • Sistem kardiovaskuler :
• Potensi obat anestesi hipotensi, aritmia,
lokal berkurang penurunan
kontraktilitas
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018.
Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th ed.
Post Dural Puncture Headache
• Manipulasi apapun terhadap dura dapat menyebabkan
postdural puncture headache
• Gejala :
• Nyeri kepala bilateral pada daerah frontal, retroorbital dan
oksipital
• Menjalar ke leher, berdenyut, konstan
• Fotofobia, nausea
• Khas : dipengaruhi posisi tubuh
• Diperburuk posisi duduk / berdiri, berkurang pada saat berbaring
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology.
6th ed.
Post Dural Puncture Headache
• Penyebab :
• Kebocoran cairan serebrospinal
• Cairan serebrospinal yang keluar lebih banyak daripada
produksinya traksi meninges, dura dan tentorium
• Hipotensi intrakranial
• Traksi pembuluh darah dilatasi vena serebral
• Traksi nervus kranial diplopia, tinnitus
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018. Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology.
6th ed.
Epidural blood patch
Cedera Saraf
• Cedera saraf dapat dihindari jika blok neuraksial
dilakukan di bawah konus
• L1 – pada dewasa
• L3 – pada pediatrik
• Gejala :
• Injeksi korda spinalis paraplegia
• Disfungsi nervus sacral : paralisis m.bisep femoris, fungsi
bowel dan bladder menurun
• Onset : segera
• Gejala :
• Nyeri tajam pada tungkai dan punggung
• Kelemahan motorik
• Disfungsi sfingter
• Manajemen :
• Imaging neurologi : MRI, CT
• Konsultasi bedah saraf
Butterworth, J.F., Mackey, D.C., Wasnick, J.D. 2018.
Morgan & Mikhail’s Clinical Anesthesiology. 6th ed.