• SKRT:
– 59,04% laki-laki
– 4,83% perempuan
• WHO Tobacco Atlas 2002
– 59% laki-laki
– 3,7% perempuan
– Total : 31,4% penduduk Indonesia
merokok (62. 800.000 orang)
Current Smokers
• Total selebritis
– 31 laki-laki current smokers (64,6%)
– 33 perempuan current smokers (42,3%),
jauh lebih tinggi dari nasional
• Artis sinetron & Film
– 23 laki-laki current smokers (62%)
– 17 perempuan current smokers (34%)
Rokok dan Lingkungan
• Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is very
high in all countries. In Bulgaria, Northern Mariana
Islands, and selected cities in Burkina Faso, India,
Indonesia and Mali, over 75% of young people
surveyed indicated significant exposure to second-
hand smoke in public places. (GYTS , 2000 & 2002)
1. National Toxicology Program. 11th Report on Carcinogens; 2005. Available at: http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov. 2.
Mackay J, Eriksen M. The Tobacco Atlas. World Health Organization; 2006. 3. Harvard Health Letter. May 2005.
Kerja Rokok (Nikotin)
Potensial Adiksi terhadap Rokok
(Nikotin)
Rokok terbukti paling adiktif, apabila dibandingkan
dengan zat lain, termasuk kokain dan heroin
25
PENYAKIT
KANKER GANGGUAN
KEHAMILAN
LAIN-LAIN
Berhenti Merokok
Manfaat Berhenti Merokok
100
Never smoked or not
susceptible to smoke
FEV1 (% of value at age 25)
75
Stopped at 45
Smoked regularly
50 and susceptible
to its effects
Disability
Stopped at 65
25
Death
0
25 50 75
Age (years)
1. Hughes JR. New treatments for smoking cessation. CA Cancer J Clin. 2000;50:143-151
2. FoulisJ, Burke M, Steinberg M, William JM, Ziedonis DM. Advances in pharmacotherapy for tobacco dependence. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs.
2004;9:39-53
3. Department of Health. Smoking kills: a White Paper on Tobacco. London, England: Stationery Office; 1998
Mengapa ini bisa terjadi ?
Ketergantungan Rokok
Digolongkan menjadi 2 tipe:
Fisiologis
1. Fiore MC, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence. US Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service; June 2000.
Available at: www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco/default.htm.
2. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Brief interventions and referral for smoking cessation in primary care. Available at:
www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=299611. Accessed September 2006.
Peranan Healthcare Professional
1. http://www.talktoyourpatients.org/index.html
Tingkatan Keberhasilan
Terapi non-Farmakologis
N N Pooled OR*
Perbandingan
Trials Participants (95% CI)
Saran Dokter1
Singkat vs tanpa saran/pem.biasa 17 >13,000 1.74 (1.48–2.05)
Intensive vs saran minimal 15 >9,000 1.44 (1.24–1.67)
Konseling Individu2
17 >6,000 1.56 (1.32–1.84)
Vs bantuan minimal
Konseling Kelompok3
Vs self-help 16 >4,000 2.04 (1.60–2.60)
Vs tanpa bantuan 7 815 2.17 (1.37–3.45)
Proaktif Konseling via Telepon4
13 >16,000 1.56 (1.38–1.77)
Vs bantuan yang lebih minimal
Self-help5
11 >13,000 1.24 (1.07–1.45)
Vs tanpa bantuan
*Abstinence assessed at least 6-months following intervention.
1. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD000165. 2. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(2):CD001292. 3. Stead LF, Lancaster T. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4): CD001007. 4. Stead LF et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(4):CD002850. 5. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(3):CD001118.
Waktu konseling
Berpengaruh pada Angka Abstinensi1
Waktu konseling Angka Abstinensi
U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking, Nicotine Addiction. A report of
the Surgeon General. DHSS publication No. 88-8404;1988.
Gejala Putus Nikotin, Sebab,
Durasi & Tips1,2
1. http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/stressmanagement/a/stresstips.htm
2. http://www.quit-smoking-stop.com/nicotine-addiction.html
Gejala Sebab Durasi Tips
Batuk Terdapat sekresi Beberapa hari Minum Air, Makan
mukus yang permen
berlebihan
Sakit Kepala Kadar CO ↓ dan 1-2 Minggu Analgesik, Minum
kadar O2 ↑ Air
Emosi yang Tidak Ketagihan Nikotin 2-4 Minggu Berjalan-jalan,
Stabil Menhgindari kafein
Nafsu Makan yang Indera Pengecap Beberapa Minggu Minum Air, Makan
Meningkat kembali berfungsi cemilan rendah
kalori
Insomnia Fungsi Gelombang 2-4 Minggu Latihan Relaksasi,
Otak Kembali Menghindari kafein
Normal
1. http://quitsmoking.about.com/od/stressmanagement/a/stresstips.htm
2. http://www.quit-smoking-stop.com/nicotine-addiction.html
ALHAMDULILLAH