DASAR-DASAR PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ANJUNGAN MIGAS LEPAS

PANTAI
Oil and Gas Operation Life cycle
 PERSYARATAN PENGAWAS
ASURANSI
OPERASIONAL DAN
KECELAKAAN
SERTIFIKASI

PEMILIK KONSULTAN GALANGAN

OPERATOR
PERENCANA KAPAL

TENDER TENDER TENDER

TERBUKA TERBUKA TERBUKA
KRITERIA
STANDAR
 + A1 F(LNG) PLSO, UWILD, SH-DLA,
SFA(30), AMCCU, RCM (Cargo/Fire),
SHCM

Keterangan sebagai berikut:

+ = Simbol pengawasan Full Class Survey, A1 = Desain Hull memenuhi
persyaratan Klas, F(LNG) = Instalasi Floating LNG, PLSO = Persyaratan Fasilitas
Gas Processing, Liquefaction, Storage, dan Offloading, UWILD = Persyaratan
tanpa dry-docking, SH-DLA = Safe Hull – Dynamic Loading Approach, SFA =
Spectral Fatique Analysis (30 tahun), AMCCU = Sistem Control Permesinan
Otomatis, RCM = Reliability Centered Maintenance Program untuk Sistem
Cargo Handling dan Fire Extinguisher, SHCM = Safe Hull Construction
Monitoring.
CODES / KRITERIA STANDAR
 Offshore Standards (OS):
Provides technical requirements and acceptance
criteria for general application by the offshore
industry eg.DNV-OS-C101
 Recommended Practices(RP): Provides proven
technology and sound engineering practice as well
as guidance for the higher level publications eg.
API-RP-WSD
 BS 6235: Code of practice for fixed offshore
structures.
 British Standards Institution 1982.
 Mainly for the British offshore sector.
Subsea production trees used
in conjunction with a fixed
jacket structure (Intec
Engineering, Houston).
 Kriteria Perencanaan
Anjungan

Kemampuan Stuktur Ekonomis Struktur

1. Function Ability 1. Producibility
2. Habitability 2. Inspect Ability
3. Reliability 3. Maintainability
4. Availability 4. Disposability
5. Safety 5. Cost and Weight
6. Damage
Tolerance
 Tahapan Perancangan Struktur
Anjungan Lepas Pantai

Kriteria Perancangan Perancangan

Operasional Konseptual Terperinci

• Informasi mengenai derrick dan

• Fungsi Anjungan, cargo barge yang tersedia. • Analisa struktur
• Sistem • Studi peralatan produksi, meliputi untuk segala
penentuan Preliminary Process Flow
Pengeboran, Diagram (PFD), piping dan instrument kondisi
• Pola Transportasi diagram (P&ID), lay-out fasilitas • Gambar hasil
Personil, • Analisa awal pembebanan, perencanaan dan
• Penyelidikan oceanografi, hidrografi,
• Pola Transportasi dan meteorology, geofisik dan
perancangan
Hasil Produksi geoteknik.
• Rute dan ukuran pipa penyalur
(pipeline)
• Perkiraan biaya dan jadwal
pembangunan.
• Menyiapkan dokumen dan informasi
untuk keperluan tahapan
perencanaan berikutnya.
Prosedur Perancangan
Anjungan Migas Lepas Pantai

1. Menentukan lokasi dan karakteristik lingkungan dalam besaran-besaran angka

2. Memilih konfigurasi struktur (geometri, bahan struktur dan ukuran awal)
3. Menganalisa respon struktur terhadap gaya-gaya yang bekerja, untuk
memeriksa unjuk kerja struktur terhadap kondisi kerjanya.
4. Menelaah dan mengadakan evaluasi akhir terhadap struktur yang
direncanakan hingga diperoleh besaran-besaran respons (tegangan,
lendutan, frekuensi natural dan sebagainya) dalam batas-batas yang diizinkan
oleh peraturan yang ada.
Jenis Anjungan
Berdasarkan Strukturnya
a. Struktur Terpancang; seperti Jacket
Steel Platform, Grafity Platform
b. Struktur Terapung; seperti Semi
Submersible, Jack Up, SPARS, Drill Ship
c. Struktur Lentur; seperti Tension Leg
Platform, Guyed Tower
• TOPSIDE:
• Facilities are tailored to achieve
weight and space saving
• Incorporates process and utility
equipment
• Drilling Rig
• Injection Compressors
• Gas Compressors
• Gas Turbine Generators
• Piping
• HVAC
• Instrumentation
• Accommodation for operating
personnel.
• Crane for equipment handling
• Helipad
Berat Anjungan

1. Berat Kering (Dry Weight, DW)

2. Berat Operasional (Operational Weight, OW)
OW ≈ (1,3 s/d 1,35) DW
3. Berat Pengangkatan (Lifting Weight, LW)
LW ≈ (0,05 s/d 0,08) DW
4. Berat Pengetesan (Testing Weight, TW)
TW ≈ (1 s/d 2 ton)

Total Berat Anjungan = DW+OW+LW+TW

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
 Loads:
 Offshore structure shall be designed for
following types of loads:
 Permanent (dead) loads.

 Operating (live) loads.

 Environmental loads

 Wind load

 Wave load

 Earthquake load

 Construction - installation loads.

 Accidental loads.

 The design of offshore structures is dominated

by environmental loads, especially wave load
BARGE LOADOUT: 
Various methods are deployed based
on availability of resources and size of
structure.

 Barge Crane

 Flat over - Top side is installed on

jackets. Ballasting of barge

 Smaller jackets can be installed by

lifting them off barge using a
floating vessel with cranes.

 Large 400’ x 100’ deck barges capable

of carrying up to 12,000 tons are
available
Jacket Ke Lokasi Pemasangan Dengan
Menggunakan Launch Barge
Cara Penarikan Suatu Konstruksi
Fondasi Anjungan
PLATFORM PARTS
 MOORINGS & ANCHORS:
 Used to tie platform in place
 Material
 Steel chain
 Steel wire rope
 Catenary shape due to heavy weight.
 Length of rope is more

 Synthetic fiber rope

 Taut shape due to substantial less weight
than steel ropes.
 Less rope length required
 Corrosion free
PLATFORM PARTS
 RISER:
 Pipes used for production, drilling,
and export of Oil and Gas from
Seabed.
 Riser system is a key component
for offshore drilling or floating
production projects.
 The cost and technical challenges
of the riser system increase
significantly with water depth.
 Design of riser system depends on
filed layout, vessel interfaces, fluid
properties and environmental
condition.
PLATFORM PARTS
 RISER:
 Remains in tension due to self
weight
 Profiles are designed to reduce
load on topside. Types of risers
 Rigid
 Flexible - Allows vessel motion
due to wave loading and
compensates heave motion
 Simple Catenary risers: Flexible pipe
is freely suspended between surface
vessel and the seabed.
 Other catenary variants possible