kronis
OTITIS MEDIA
SUPURATIF KRONIK
Aborigin
1. Lingkungan (Environmental)
2. Genetik (Genetic)
4. Infeksi (Infective)
5. Infeksi saluran nafas atas (Upper respiratory tract infections)
7. Alergic (Allergy)
8. Malfungsi tuba Eustachius (Eustachian tube
malfunction)
1. LINGKUNGAN
7. ALERGI
I. Tipe Tubotimpani
1. Kongenital (Congenital)
2. Didapat (Acquired)
Derlaki dan Clemis (1965) mengajukan 3 kriteria untuk
kolesteatoma kongenital:
1. Anamnesa
2. Otoskopi
Plain radio graphs
3. Ro foto CT
MRI
PENATALAKSANAAN
2. Memperbaiki pendengaran.
I. Intrakranial
1. Abses ekstradural.
4. Meningitis.
5. Abses otak.
6. Hidrosefalus otitis.
II. Dalam tulang temporal
1. Paralisis fasial.
2. Labirinitis.
Staging of attic retraction (Tos, Stangerup and Larsen, 1987)
Diagrammatic distinction between perforations of the tympanic membrane that
are classified as central as opposed to marginal
(after Diamant, 1982)
Classification of attic retraction pocket (Tos, 1988) Grade 1 : Pars flaccida not in
contact with malleus neck. Grade 2 : Pars flaccida in contact with malleus neck.
Grade 3 : Limited outer attic wall erosion. Grade 4 : Severe outer attic wall
erosion.
Plain film, lateral view, showing more extensive bone erosion (arrows).
Reproduced by courtesy of Dr. P.D. Phelps )
Diagram of middle fossa extradural abscesses showing enlargement of the
abscess and erosion through the vault of the skull to produce
a subperiosteal abscess
Diagram of the relations of the petrous apex to show proximity of an apical
extradural abscess to the Vth and Vith cranial nerves
Subdural abscess. ( From Ludman, 1988, Mawson’s Diseases of the Ear, 5th edn,
London : Edward Arnold, by kind permisiion )
CT scan showing subdural abscess in middle fossa
Progression of venous sinus thrombophlebitis. (From Ludman,
1988, Mawson’s Disease of the Ear, 5th ed, London : Edward
Arnold, by kind permission)
Pathogenesis of complication;methods of spread across the meninges:1, an
extradural abscess has broken through the dura, resulting in a subdural abscess or
spread into the subarachnoid space and diffuse meningitis;2, the subarachnoid
space has been obliterated through inflammatory reaction, resulting in direct
invasion of the brain as the dura breaks down; this results in the “ brain abscess
with a stalk.” 3, the infected thrombus in the lateral sinus has extended along a
communicating vessel, resulting I a cerebellar abscess.
Pathogenesis of complicatons : methods of spreads to the meninges : 1, a
cholesteatoma has caused erosion of the mastoid with the matrix lying against
the dura; infection has resulted in an extradural abscee;2, osteitis of the
mastoid has caused thrombophlebitis of the haversian system with resultant
perisinus abscess; a mrual thrombus is forming in the lateral sinus adjacent to
the abscess;3, osteitis has involved a mastoid emissary vein; the infected
thrombus is propagating into the lumen of the lateral sinus.