Vit Adek1
Vit Adek1
VITAMIN :
Senyawa organik vital dalam diet
Bukan K, L, P, M
CH3
CH3
Retinil ester
bersama khilomikron
pemb. Limfe
aliran darah
Hidrolisa
Aporetinol Retinol
holoretinol (di golgi aparatus)
Peredaran darah
Target organ
Fungsi Vitamin A
- Anti oksidan lemak dalam keadaan tek O2 rendah
- (β karoten) anti kanker
RETINOL
Fungsi analog dengan molekul reseptor hormon
steroid intra sel. Berperan dalam kontrol
ekspresi gen-gen tertentu.
Fungsi reproduksi
Fungsi penglihatan
Rhodopsin Light energi
Porphyropsin (merah)
Iodopsin (hijau)
Cyanopsin (biru)
Fungsi Vit. A
β karoten (antioksidan)
Retinol Retinil
(n. steroid) (sintesa glikoprotein)
Retinoic acid
(h. steroid)
As. RETINOAT
DEFISIENSI VIT. A
1. Gangguan pertumbuhan
- tulang
- jaringan lunak
- gigi
2. Gangguan penglihatan
xerophthalmia
nyctalopia
keratomalacia
kebutaan
Sumber Vit. A :
- sayur dan buah hijau atau kuning
- Margarin, susu, kuning telur, keju, ginjal , hati, ikan
PENENTUAN VIT. A
1. Kualitatif
- reaksi Carr – Price
2. Kuantitatif
- reaksi Carr – Price
- Spektrofotometri
- Fluorometri
Kebutuhan Vit. A
: 5.000 IU/hari
: 4.000 IU/hari
Anak : 1400 – 3500 IU/hari
Hami : 6.000 IU/hari
Laktasi
l : 8.000 IU/hari
1 IU 0,3 μg retional
Kadar Vit. A drh : 80 – 200 IU/100 drh
VITAMIN D
Sekelompok prohormon senyawa sterol
turunan siklopentano perhidrofenantren
25
CH3
CH3
CH2
Vitamin D3
1
HO
Tidak mudah dioksidasi
Vitamin “anti rachitic”
± 10 komponen
Yang terpenting, merupakan, pro Vit. D
25 (OH) D3
7 dehydrocholesterol liver drh
(skin)
sunlight blood
Vit. D3
dietary sources Vit. D3
Vit. D2 (Kholekalsiferol)
Kidney
25 (OH) D3
Blood Blood
RECEPTORS RECEPTORS ll Ca BP
BONE (± semua jar)
PARATHYROID
BONE
INTESTINE
KIDNEY
Reabsorbsi Ca++ BP
Absorbsi Ca++ BP
Mobilisasi Ca++ BP
(7-dehydrocholesterol)
Target Sel
Translasi Ca BP
di riboso m
FUNGSI VIT. D
Prohormon mengatur metab Ca
Prohormon mengatur metab P
Kebutuhan Vit. D
Anak-anak : 400 – 800 IU/hari
1 IU Aktivitas 0,025 μg
Kristal murni Vit. D3
Vitamin D from Sunlight
Derived from cholesterol in skin
Synthesis from sun exposure 10
minutes of summer sun on the face
& hands to produce 10 µg (400 IU)
More skin pigment, the less vitamin
D is made
Note: aging decreases production by
about 75% after 70 years old
Vitamin E = tokoferol
Tokos : melahirkan
Phero : membawa
ol : alkohol
Αlfa-Tokoferol R1, R2, dan R3 semua metil
Beta- R2 = H
Tokoferol
Gama-Tokoferol R1 = H
Delta-Tokoferol R1 dan R2 = H
CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3
Small Intestine
Tissue Uptake
Vit. E Vit. E
Esters Dietary fat LDLE
Pankreas HDLE
Vit. E Mono G
FFA Blood
Chol
Bile Mixed Mono G E E
Liver Apolipoprot CM CM
Acids Micelles Enterocyte VLDL
Mesenteric
CM = Chylomicron Lymphatic
BIOCHEMIVCAL FUNCTION
Merupakan “antioksidan” alami yang penting
paling
ROO + Toc OH ROOH + Toc O
ROO + Toc O ROOH +
CH3 CH3
OH O C=O
CH3 CH2 C
Sumber Vit. K
Tumbuhan hijau, tomat, keju, hati, kuning telur
Disintesa bakteri usus
Kebutuhan : ?
Sources of Vitamin K
Resistant to cooking losses
Limited vitamin K stored in the body
RDA for Vitamin K
60-65 mg/day for women
65-80 mg/day for men
RDA met by most
Excess vitamins A and E interferes vitamin K
with Newborns are injected with
vitamin K Toxicity unlikely; readily
excreted Deficiency most likely for
newborn
Diet provides 3 times RDA