Referat Chronic Kidney Disease
Referat Chronic Kidney Disease
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine 19 th edition.
United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the
evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
Kriteria Gagal Ginjal Kronik
• Kriteria gagal ginjal kronik (KDIGO 2013) :
– Petanda kerusakan ginjal (1 atau lebih) :
• Albuminuria (AER ≥30 mg/24 jam; ACR ≥30 mg/g [≥3 mg/mmol])
• Sedimen urin abnormal
• Kelainan elektrolit akibat kelainan tubular
• Kelainan yang dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan histologi
• Kelainan structural yang dideteksi dengan pencitraan
• Riwayat transplantasi ginjal
– Penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG)
• LFG < 60 ml/menit/1,73 m2 (Kategori LFG G3a-G5)
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice
guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
Epidemiologi Gagal Ginjal Kronik
Indonesian Renal Registry. 7th report of Indonesian renal registry. IRR: 2014.
Klasifikasi
Penyebab
Klasifikasi
(KDIGO
2013) :
Kategori Albuminuria
LFG
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice
guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
Penyebab
• Nefropati diabetic
• Glomerulonefritis
• Hipertensi terkait GGK (termasuk penyakit ginjal iskemik dan vascular dan
penyakit glomerular primer terkait hipertensi)
• Penyakit ginjal polikistik dominan autosom
• Nefropati kistik dan tubulointerstitial lainnya
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s principles of internal
medicine 19th edition. United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
Etiologi Gagal Ginjal Kronik di Indonesia
Indonesian Renal Registry. 7th report of Indonesian renal registry. IRR: 2014.
Kategori Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus
Identification, Evaluation, and
KDIGO 2013
Management of CKD3
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice
guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
Albuminuria
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice
guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
Rumus Estimasi LFG
Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s principles of internal
medicine 19th edition. United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.
Faktor Risiko
Tidak Dapat Dimodifikasi Dapat Dimodifikasi
Usia tua Hipertensi
Jenis kelamin (♂ lebih cepat) Proteinuria
Ras (Afrika-Amerika lebih cepat) Albuminuria
Hilangnya massa ginjal Glikemia
Genetik Obesitas
Dislipidemia
Merokok
Kadar asam urat
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2017 56 th edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Patofisiologi
• Asimptomatik
LFG 60%
• Gejala & tanda uremia yang nyata (lemas, mual, muntah, rasa kecap logam, pruritus)
• Gangguan keseimbangan air (hipo/hipervolemia); gangguan keseimbangan elektrolit (Na
LFG <30% & K)
Asidosis
Analisa gas metabolik (pH
darah
↓, HCO3 ↓)
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2017 56 th edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Urinalisa Sedimen urin : sel
tubulus ginjal, sedimen
Albumin urin
eritrosit, leukosit,
Protein urin sedimen granuler kasar,
kuantitatif 24 jam eritrosit dismorfik
USG Abdomen
Pemeriksaan BNO-IVP
Penunjang
Biopsi ginjal
EKG
Cegah Komplikasi Röntgen thorax
echocardiography
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2017 56 th edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Tahapan pengobatan CKD
• Terapi spesifik terhadap penyakit dasar
• Pencegahan dan terapi terhadap kondisi komorbid
• Memperlambat perburukan fungsi ginjal
• Pencegahan dan terapi terhadap penykit kardiovaskular
• Pencegahan dan terapi terhadap komplikasi
• Terapi pengganti ginjal (HD atau transplantasi)
Tatalaksana Gagal Ginjal Kronik Berdasarkan LFG
Derajat LFG Rencana tatalaksana
(mL/mnt/1,73 m )
2
Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current medical diagnosis & treatment 2017 56 th edition. United
States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Terapi Komplikasi
Komplikasi Koreksi Obat
Anemia Hb ≤10 g/dL dan Ht ≤30% Epo 2000-4000 IU subkutan,
Hb 10-12 g/dL, Ht >30% 2-3x/minggu selama 4
minggu
Asidosis metabolik HCO3 <22 mmol/L Bicnat 3x2 tab (325-2000 mg)
Rumus koreksi : 0,3 x BB x
∆[HCO3]
Hiperhomosisteinemia As. Folat 15 mg
vit. B12 500µg/hari
Hiperfosfatemia Calcium carbonat 3-6 g/hari
Daftar Pustaka
• Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J. Harrison’s
principles of internal medicine 19th edition. United States: McGraw-Hill
Education; 2015.
• Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group.
KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of
chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int Suppl. 2013;3:1–150.
• Indonesian Renal Registry. 7th report of Indonesian renal registry. IRR: 2014.
• Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. Current medical diagnosis & treatment
2017 56th edition. United States: McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.