INDIKATOR KESEHATAN

( HEALTH INDICATORS )

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 POKOK BAHASAN :

• KONSEP INDIKATOR KESEHATAN :

Pengertian, Fungsi Dan Kegunaan.
• Tipe Indikator Kesehatan
• Kelebihan dan Kelemahan Indikator
Kesehatan
• Sumber Data Indikator Kesehatan

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PENGERTIAN :
INDIKATOR :
Ukuran Yang Digunakan Unt Membantu Menerangkan
Suatu Keadaan atau Situasi

 UKURAN :
Hasil Suatu Pengukuran, Dpt Kuantitatip atau
Kualitatip
Sebagian Besar Indikator Kesehatan Dalam Bentuk
Kuantitatip Dan Sebagian Kecil Kualitatip

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 MEMBANTU MENERANGKAN:
• Validitas dan Releabilitas Alat Ukur
• Keterbatasan dalam Mengukur Semua
Populasi : Pengukuran indikator
kesehatan dpt dilakukan dng
pengukuran langsung atau tidak
langsung

 KEADAAN ATAU SITUASI :

Kesimpulan Dari Suatu Kejadian
Aktual (Pada saat
pengamatan dan pengukuran)
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Kesimpulan dari suatu Perubahan 4

Kejadian dari waktu ke waktu

 HEALTH (SEHAT) :
 HEALTH AS A STATE OF OMPLETE PHYSICAL,
MENTAL, AND SOCIAL WELL- BEING AND NOT
MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE OR
INFIRMITY (WHO)
 UNTUK MENCAPAI KEADAAN IDEAL :
KESEIMBANGAN HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH
PROMOTION DAN PREVENT OF DISEASE.

HEALTH (SEHAT) :
Dynamic Condition Of Health Phenomena
(Who: Teaching Of Health Statistics)

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 INDIKATOR KESEHATAN :
Ukuran Yang Digunakan Unt Membantu
Menilai Suatu Keadaan atau Situasi Kes
Suatu Masyarakat, Populasi atau Komu-
nitas
(Who : Manual Of Epidemiogy For
Distric Health Management )

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 Health Indicators As A Dynamic
Condition Of Health Phenomena
(WHO )
DIMENSI INDIKATOR KESEHATAN :
• Status Kesehatan
• Pelayanan Kesehatan
• Kebijakan Kesehatan
• Sosial Dan Ekonomi
• Lingkungan
• Demografi
• Dll
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 FUNGSI INDIKATOR :
Menilai Suatu Keadaan Kesehatan atau
Keadaan Yang Dapat Mempengaruhi
Kesehatan, baik secara Aktual Maupun
Kecenderungannya (Trend)

KEGUNAAN :
• Analyse The Present Situation
• Make Comparasons
• Measure Change Over Time
• Policies And Programs Evaluation
• Policies And Programs Planning
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 Expected Requirement Of An Indicator :
• FEASIBILITY :
The ability of obtain the data needed to Compu-
te the indicator.
Example : An indicator fetal lost may not be feasible.
• RELIABILITY :
The indicator should be reproducible if measure
by different people under similar circumstances
Example : IMR reliable indicator of early childhood
mortality
• RELEVANCE :
The extent to which an indicator contributes to
the understanding of the phenomena of interest
Example : Nutrition status for food consumption
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 ► SENSITIVITY:
The degree to which an indicator reflects changes in the
phenomena of interest
Example : Drug TB Consumption
► SPECIFICITY:
The ability of an indicator to reflect changes in only the
specific phenomena of interest.
Example : Age Specific Death Rate, MMR
► VALIDITY:
The degree to which an indicator is true expression of
the phenomena of interest
Example : Cancer Death Rate.

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TIPE-TIPE INDIKATOR KESEHATAN

1. INDIKATOR POSITIP:
MENINGKATNYA HASIL PENGUKURAN
MENUNJUKKAN
SITUASI KESEHATAN YANG POSITIP (PERBAIKAN)
MISAL : Umur Harapan Hidup (Life Expectancy ), Assesibilitas
Pelayanan Kesehatan Lingkungan Dll

INDIKATOR NEGATIP:
MENINGKATNYA HASILPENGUKURAN MENUNJUKKAN
SITUASI KESEHATAN YANG NEGATIP (MEMBURUK)
MISAL : Kesakitan, Kematian, Kecacadan dll
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 ACCORDING TO WHO CLASSIFICATION :

• Health Status Indicators

• Health Policy Indicators
• Provision Of Health Care
• Population Indicators
• Social And Economic Indicators
• Environment Indicators

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 HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS

Nutritional Status
Morbidity
Mortality
Life Expectancy At A Given
Age
Disabilty
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NUTRITIONAL STATUS
• PERCENTAGE OF NEWBORN BABIES WHO HAVE A
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT ( LBWI ): LESS THAN 2500 GRAM
• ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT :
W-A, H-A, W-H and Mid upper arm circumference

• HEALTH STATUS IS Indicated By The Percentage Of

Children Who Classified As Suffering From Mild, Moderate
And Severe Malnutrition.
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MORBIDITY MORBIDITY

• BASED ON THE DISEASE SPESIFIC INCIDENCE OR

PREVALENCE RATE FOR THE COMMON AND SEVERE
DISEASE : DIARRHOEA, MALARIA, TUBERCOLUSE etc
• A SIMPLE METHOD : Analyse The Pattern For
All Ages And To Derive The Ten Commonest
Cause Of Ill Health
• ACCURATE METHOD : To Analyse Each Major
Age Group Seperately
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 MORTALITY

• Base On Rate Of Mortality

• MORTALITY FOR ALL AGES (CDR) OR
SPECIFIC AGE GROUP ( IMR ) Etc
• MORTALITY OF SPECIFIC CAUSE :
CARDIO VASCULAR, COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE, CANCER Etc

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 HEALTH POLICIES INDICATORS

► High Level Political Commitment To Health For All

► Alocation Of Adequate Resources For Primary Health Care
► Level Of Community Involvement In Attaining Health For All
► The Degree Of Intersectoral Coordination
► Collaboration Between Government And Non Government
Health Organization.
► Decentralized Organization For Health Planning And
Management.

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 SOCIO ECONOMIC
INDICATORS
• GNP Or GDP
• Income Distribution
• Work Availability
• Types And Levels Of Employment
• School Enrolment
• Adult Literacy Rate
• Adequacy Of Housing Expressed As
Number Of Persons Per Room
• Availability Of Food Supplies By
Household And Season
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 POPULATION INDICATORS

• Age – Sex Structure

• Density

• Distrbution And Migration

• Population Growth : Birth Rates,

Fertility, Rate Of Natural Increase

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PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE INDICATORS
• Acces To Health Programmes And Facilities
• Referal Level Of Hospital
• Immunization Coverages
• Appropriate Treatment
• Quality Of Care
• Coverage Of Primary Helath Care
• Availability Of Essential Drug
• Safe Water In The Home Or Within Working Distance
And Sanitation
• Economic And Cultural Accesibility
• Community Health Worker
• Health Education
• Food Supplies And Propoer Nutrition ……..…… Etc
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 ENVIRONMENT INDICATORS

• POLLUTION : Water, Air And

Land
• SAFE WATER USE

• FOREST

• etc
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BASIC HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS

• Fertility Rate
• Nutritional Status
• Infant Mortality Rate
• Under 5 Years Mortality Rate
• Maternal Mortality Rate
• Life Expectancy At Birth

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SUMBER DATA INDIKATOR KESEHATAN
• Vital Events Register
• Population Cencuses
• Routine Health Service Records
• Epidemiological Surveillance Data
• Sample Surveys
• Disease Registers
• Investigation Of Epidemic

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 TERIMA KASIH

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