LEMBAGA

PENDIDIKAN PESANTREN
(Jaringan dan Pertumbuhan Komunitas Muslim)
DOSEN PEMANDU MATA KULIAH SEJARAH PAI
Prof. H. Bahaking Rama,M.S.
Dr. Hj.Rosmiati Azis,M.Pd

MUHAMMAD IRFAN
PROGRAM PASCASARJANA (S2)
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) ALAUDDIN
MAKASSAR 2021
 Latar Belakang
Pesantren Sebagai lembaga sosial, pada umumnya pesantren
hidup dari, oleh, dan untuk masyarakat. Visi ini menuntut
adanya peran dan fungsi pondok pesantren yang sejalan
dengan situasi dan kondisi masyarakat, bangsa, dan negara
yang terus berkembang. Sementara itu, sebagai suatu
komunitas pesantren dapat berperan menjadi penggerak bagi
upaya peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat mengingat
pesantren merupakan kekuatan sosial yang jumlahnya cukup
besar. Menurut Rahardjo,5 pesantren merupakan agen
perubahan sosial masyarakat dengan membawakan hidup
tradisional ke arah modernisasi hidup dengan watak
emansipatoris. Peran transformasi sosial yang dilakukan
pesantren telah banyak diteliti oleh para ahli kajian-kajian
sosial khususnya antropologi, seperti Geertz (1960); Horikhosi,
(1987); dan Rahardjo (1995).
Rumusan Masalah

1 Bagaiamana

2
sejarah pesantren ? Bagaimana Konstruksi
Jaringan Pesantren
Terhadap Pertumbuhan
Komunitas Muslim ?

3 mengetahui proses konstruksi jaringan pesantren ?

 Sejarah Pesantren

Mastuhu
bahwa pesantren di Nusantara
telah ada sejak abad ke 13-17,
dan di Jawa sejak abad 15-16
M bersamaan dengan
masuknya Islam di Indonesia

1742 Abad 13-17M Abad 18 M

menyimpulkan bahwa lembaga pendidikan
pesantren tertua di Jawa keIslam di Indonesia belum ada sebelum
adalah pesantren abad 18 M dan baru muncul pada akhir
Tegalsari abad 18 M dan awal 19 M (Bruinessen,
1995
Menurut laporan Van Bruinessen
Ahli Sejarawam
Elemen-elemen pesantren
(1) pondok tempat menginap para santri,
(2) santri peserta didik,
(3) masjid sarana ibadah dan pusat kegiatan pesantren,
(4) Kyai tokoh atau sebutan seseorang yang memiliki kelebihan dari sisi
agama, dan kharisma yang dimilikinya,
(5) kitab kuning: sebagai referensi pokok dalam kajian keislaman
 KONSTRUKSI JARINGAN
PESANTREN

Pesantren merupakan
pusat spiritual dan
Masyarakat
intelektual masyarakat. Ia Oleh karena menjadi
lahir dari rahim tempat bertumpu
masyarakat, maka
masyarakat. Tumbuh dan pesantren, walaupun secara
berkembang bersama dan Proses eksklusif merupakan milik
menemani masyarakat. sang kiai, menjadi “milik”
masyarakat luas. Rasa
Pesantren hadir untuk memiliki pesantren
memenuhi kebutuhan Proses merupakan modal terpenting
pragmatis masyarakat baik yang dimiliki pesantren,
yang berwujud material sehingga ia mampu bertahan
walaupun dikelola secara
maupun immaterial tradisional,
Kiyai
 PROSES KONSTRUKSI
JARINGAN PESANTREN

Transimisi keilmuan
Transmisi keilmuan merupakan Struktural
pintu masuk utama Jaringan sosial yang dibangun
pembentukan jaringan sosial berlandaskan transmisi
pesantren keilmuan dan perkawinan
ternyata juga berimbas pada
kemudahan dalam
membangun jaringan sosial
pesantren dalam ranah
structural Kuatnya pengaruh
Perkawinan
pesantren terhadap
perkawinan juga merupakan masyarakat sekitarnya
media yang digunakan merupakan modal besar bagi
pesantren untuk membangun pesantren untuk membangun
jaringan. Para kiai pesantren jaringan struktural, baik dalam
biasanya akan mengawinkan ranah kultural maupun
putra-putrinya dengan birokrasi.
keturunan kiai juga.
KESIMPULAN
Keberadaan jaringan sosial pesantren merupakan
strategi canggih tidak saja untuk mempertahankan
eksistensinya, tetapi juga mengembangkan pesantren.
Jaringan sosial pesantren alternatif solusi bagi
keterbatasan modal dan manajemen yang tradisional
pesantren. Kesuksesan jaringan sosial pesantren
untuk menopang hidupnya karena jaringan sosial itu
dibangun di atas landasan kultural masyarakat, dan
disiram dengan keikhlasan. Pembentukan jaringan
sosial tersebut melalui transmisi keilmuan,
perkawinan, dan struktural.

Jaringan sosial pesantren yang dibangun oleh kiai pada

hakekatnya juga merupakan pengejawantahan dari kecanggihan
para kiai dalam memerankan diri dalam arena-arena yang
berbeda. Ia menjadi guru bagi orang-orang yang ingin belajar ilmu
agama, menjadi tempat mengeluh bagi orang-orang yang letih
secara spiritual, dan menjadi tempat bertanya bagi orang yang
kehilangan arah. Pada kondisi seperti ini, kiai menjadi tempat
bergantung, dan oleh karenanya, harus dihormati dan
dimulyakan.
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