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PREMATUR

E
Praktikum 2 LBM 1
BLOK 24
KELOMPOK 1
Nama Kelompok :
1. sisca anggun
2. siti nurjanah
3. souwwafit khalimah
4. sutinah
5. nila nur adhila
6. nining alkomah
7. nisa aprilia
8. insan karunia i
DEFINISI PREMATURE
Persalinan prematur merupakan persalinan terlalu dini yang mana terjadi
pada usia kehamilan lebih dari 20 minggu dan sebelum 37 minggu
(American College of Obstetrians and Gynecologist, 2016).
Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menyatakan bahwa bayi prematur adalah bayi
yang lahir pada usia kehamilan 37 minggu atau kurang. Dengan demikian,
persalainan prematur dapat terdiri dari sebuah. Persalinan prematur dengan usia
kehamilan kurang dari 37 minggu dengan berat badan janin sama untuk masa
kehamilan (SMK)
ETIOLOGI PREMATURE
1. Penyebab fisiologis 2. Faktor non fisiologis
a.Infeksi a.Usia ibu
b.Distensi berlebihan b.Faktor sosio ekonomi
c.Masalah vaskuler c.Kurang harmonisnya hubungan dengan
d.Lemah serviks keluarga dan suami menyebabkan ibu
e.Penyebab iatrogenic melahirkan dengan berat lahir rendah
f.Penyebab idiopatik d.Berat badan ibu
g.Fibronekstin e.Diet ibu
h.Kelahiran prematur elektif f. SPH, penayalahgunaan alkohol dan obat-
j.Kelahiran dengan komplikasi obatan
kegawat daruratan g. Persalia prematur sebelumnya
h. RAS
i. Pekerjaan
j.Stress dan hasil akhir kelahiran
k.Pengaturan jarak kelahiran.
3. Faktor Predisposisi
a. Riwayat prematur sebelumnya atau abortus berulang pada trimester kedua
b. Amnion
c. Bayi kembar
d. Anomali rahim
e. Fibroid
f. Pembedahan perut/ SC

f. Pembedahan perut/ SC
g. Faktor biologis/medis .
h. Umur kurang dari 15 tahun / lebih dari 35 tahun
i. BB Rendah (<50 kg saat konsepsi)
j. Riwayat hipertensi, penyakit ginjal / DM
k. Riwayat perdarahan pada kehamilan sebelumnya,
l. Peningkatan berat badan yang tidak adekuat
m. AKDR masih berada dalam rahim
01
4. Berdasarkan Periode Gestasi
a. Kelahiran agak prematur, berlangsung antara usia kehamilan 35
dan 37 (dalam 5,5%)
b. Kelahiran sangat prematur, berlangsung antara usia kehamilan
29 dan 34 minggu (insiden 0,7%)

c. Kelahiran luar biasa prematur, berlangsung antara usia kehamilan


24 dan 28 minggu (isiden 0,4%) Pelahiran prematur terindikasi
adalah kelahiran prematur yang dilakukan karena tindakan tersebut
dianggap paling tepat untuk ibu dan bayi.
5. Berdasarkan Berat Lahir
a. Berat bayi lahir rendah kurang dari 2500 gram
b. Berat bayi lahir sangat rendah kurang dari 1500 gram
c. Berat bayi luar biasa rendah kurang dari 1000 gram.Berat lahir merupakan penentu
utama mortalitas neonatus.
TANDA TANDA BAYI PREMATUR
1. Ukuran fisik

a. Usia kehamilan <37 minggu

b. BB < 2500 gram

c. PB < 45 cm

d. LK 33 cm, sedangkan lingkar perut 30 cm, sehingga tampak lebih besar

2. Gambaran fisik

a. Kepala besar

b. Kulit tipis dan transparan sehingga gerakan peristaltik uterus terlihat

c. Otot masih lemah sehingga nafas lemah, masih lemah-merintih dan kemampuan melemahkan
kekurangan
PATOFISIOLOGI

Secara umum, penyebab persalinan prematur dapat dikelompokan dalam 4 golongan yaitu:

1. Aktivasi prematur dari pencetus terjadinya persalinan

2. Inflamasi/infeksi

3. Perdarahan plasenta

4. Peregangan yang berlebihan pada uterus


PATOFISIOLOGI

a. Mekanisme pertama ditandai dengan stres dan anxietas yang biasa terjadi pada primipara muda yang
mempunyai predisposisi genetik. Adanya stres fisik maupun psikologi menyebabkan aktivasi prematur
dari aksis Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) ibu dan menyebabkan terjadinya persalinan prematur.

b. Faktor kedua prematuritas menurut Norwitz (2007: 54) yaitu infeksi. Infeksi bisa disebabkan oleh
beberapa hal. Misalnya ketuban pecah dini (KPD), ibu hamil dengan penyakit akut (tifus abdominalis
atau malaria), ibu dengan infeksi (rubeolla, toksoplasmosis), ibu yang mempunyai tumor (mioma uteri,
sistoma).
PATOFISIOLOGI
c. Norwitz (2007: 54) menyebutkan faktor ketiga dari prematuritas yaitu perdarahan. Ada beberapa
faktor yang dapat menjadi sebab terjadinya perdarahan yaitu trauma masa kehamilan (jatuh), atau
solusio plasenta (lepasnya plasenta sebelum waktunya). Hal tersebut dapat merangsang protrombin
menjadi thrombin yang dapat mengakibatkan kontraksi uterus, lalu terjadi ketuban pecah spontan dan
terjadi persalinan prematur.

d. Faktor keempat yang menyebabkan prematuritas menurut Norwitz (2007: 54) yaitu regangan.
Regangan yang dimaksud adalah regangan uterus. Hal tersebut bisa terjadi karena beberapa faktor yaitu
grandemultipara, hamil 35 tahun, uterus bikornis, polihidramnion dan hamil kembar.
ANGKA KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP
Angka hidup bayi prematur pada etiologi, hasil akhir, dan
resiko kekambuhan :
1. Bayi yang lahir pada usia kehamilan 23 minggu memiliki
peluang hidup 17%.
2. Bayi yang lahir pada usia kehamilan 24 minggu memiliki
peluang hidup 39%.
3. Bayi yang lahir pada usia kehamilan 25 minggu memiliki
peluang hidup 50 %.
4. Diusia kehamilan 32 minggu dan seterusnya, bayi memiliki
peluang hidup lebih dari 50%, namun bayi mungkin memerlukan
bantuan medis dan teknologi.
DIAGNOSA

Pada sepertiga kasus, apa yang disebut persalinan berhenti tanpa tindakan
atau setelah pemberian suatu plasebo.Kriteria partus prematurus yang ?
mencakup.

1. Serviks sedikitnya sudah terbuka 2 cm atau sudah mendatar 75%. ?

2. Ada perubahan yang progesif pada serviks selama periode observasi. ?


3. Terjadinya kontraksi yang terasa nyeri, secara teratur dan intervalnya
menunjukkan kurang dari 10 menit bahwa pasien tersebut berada dalam ?
proses persalinan
?
How many sea animals can you find?
Instructions: Write the number of animals of each species you see in the ocean

1
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.”

–Someone
Famous
What is the name of each animal?
Instructions: Write the correct name of the corresponding animal

Write the name Write the name Write the name


here here here

Write the name Write the name Write the name


here here here
What is the name of each animal?
Instructions: Write the correct name of the corresponding animal

Duck Pig Chicken

Tucan Cow Frog


My first crossword
Instructions: Complete the crossword with the name of each sea animal!

T S

W
My first crossword
Instructions: Complete the crossword with the name of each sea animal!

K
R
B A
E H
T U R T L E S
U
G
W H A L E
02
Nature activities
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
What is the probability of a storm?
High - 65%
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

Normal - 25%
Venus is the second planet
from the Sun

Low - 10%
Follow the link in the graph to modify its
data and then paste the new one here. Earth is the third planet from
For more info, click here the Sun
How does my day look like?
Instructions: Write how is your day to day. You can use this example as a guide

First, I eat a Then, a Later, I eat a Last, I make


big avocado pineapple watermelon a smoothie
Mars is actually a juice
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn has several Neptune is far away
cold place planet rings from Earth
How does my day look like?
Instructions: Write how is your day to day. You can use this example as a guide

Now it is your Now it is your Now it is your Now it is your


turn to write! turn to write! turn to write! turn to write!
Mars is actually a Jupiter is the biggest Saturn has several Neptune is far away
cold place planet rings from Earth
Can you sort these illustrations?
Instructions: Match each illustration into its corresponding box

Food Environment
Can you sort these illustrations?
Instructions: Match each illustration into its corresponding box

Food Environment
_ trees
How many trees can you count?
8 trees
How many trees can you count?
Can you name every vegetable?
Instructions: Write the correct term in the “name” column

Name Characteristics Description


T____o Red, round, juicy Write here

B__cc__i Green, tree-like Write here

_gg___nt Bitter, purple Write here

_r__n pe__ Small, green Write here

__rr_t Orange, for rabbits Write here

__dd_sh Red and white Write here


Can you name every vegetable?
Instructions: Write the correct term in the “name” column

Name Characteristics Description


Tomato Red, round, juicy Write here

Broccoli Green, tree-like Write here

Eggplant Bitter, purple Write here

Green peas Small, green Write here

Carrot Orange, for rabbits Write here

Raddish Red and white Write here


Where can you find these superfoods?
Pickles
Neptune is far away

Oranges
Mercury is small

Avocados
Jupiter is very big

Mangos
Pluto is a dwarf planet
03
Human
activities
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
How likely will I be...
Above

70%

10% 20%
Inside In front
How many can you count?
Instructions: Write the number of accessories of each people you see in the box

?
How many can you count?
Instructions: Write the number of accessories of each people you see in the box

2
What is each child doing?
Instructions: Write each child’s activity

Write here Write here Write here


With her brush With his crayon With his hands
What is each child doing?
Instructions: Write each child’s activity

Painting Drawing Organizing


With her brush With his crayon With his hands
How many “she”s, “we”s and “he”s are
there?
49.6% 7,7 50.4%
Women in the world
billion
People in the world Men in the world
A picture
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a
long text. Your audience will appreciate
it
Some recommendations

Do you know what helps you make your point clear?


Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t miss the point of
your presentation
How does an astronaut go to the Moon?

First, they take off Then, they go


Mercury is the closest planet exploring
Venus is the second planet
to the Sun from the Sun

Then, they land! Later, they look


Despite being red, Mars is Earth is the third planet from
actually a cold place the Sun
Match each professional with their vehicle
Instructions: Match with arrows each professional and their work-vehicle

Firefighter Doctor Laborer Police officer


Match each professional with their vehicle
Instructions: Match with arrows each professional and their work-vehicle

Firefighter Doctor Laborer Police officer


Our team

Nicholas Martin Sarah Nolanson Sage Boteo


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