Ekonomi Manjerial (Firm Theori)

FUNGSI PRODUKSI
L
1
2

TP

AP

MP

ATP
ATP
MP
MP
10 AL 10
10AL

30

15

20

46

11,5

11

35

-11

TP
TP
AP35

11,8AP 5L
L

TP = AP.I

TP, AP, MP
I

II

TP = AP.Q

III

Total produksi (TP)

TP
L
AP

AQ > AL
AQ = AL
AQ < AL

L
MP
Disaat TP Max TP pasti 0

1. Satu variabel
Hanya untuk satu variable MP = 0 TP max
2. Dua Variabel (capital variabel)
(Marginal Rate Technical Substitusion)
MRTS = PK
PL
150 Quant = Kombinasi 2 faktor produksi input yang
menghasilkan tingkat produksi yang
sama
MC dipotong oleh AC pada saat MC pada titik terendah

L
1

TP

AP

MP

ATC
TC
MC
AC
10 AQ 10
10Q

40

20

30

55

18,3

15

70

175

15

25

-45

AP AC.Q

COST CURVES
FC
VC
TC

TC = FC + VC
AFC.AVC.ATC&MC

AFC = FC
Q
AVC = VC
Q
ATC/AC = TC
Q

TC
VC
FC

FC
MC > AVC dAVC <0

dQ

MC < AVC dAVC >0

dQ

Maximum
MC > AVC

dAVC
dQ >0 Naik

MC > AVC

dAVC
>0 Turun (negative)
dQ

AVC > MC

dAVC
= Naik
dQ

MC = AVC

AVC = Minimum

MC
AC

TC
ATC

= FC + VC
= AFC + AVC

AVC
AFC

dAVC dAVC
VC u Q
dQ = dQ AVC =
Qv

dAVC
dq

MC.Q - 1.TC
u 1.v - v1.u
O
=
2
Q2
u

dTc

dvc

dTc

dvc

MC = dQ dq FC
MC = dQ dq
MC = MC

= MC.Q-TC= O
= MC.Q
=O
dATC
TC
MC
ATC
dQ
Q
dATC
O
= MC > ATC
dQ

MC Akan memotong ATC pada titik minimum

MC < ATC

dATC
O
dQ

LONG RUN (Jangka Panjang)

IFC
TC I
TC II
FC III
FC II
FC I

TC III

LRTC Long Run Total Cost

Semakin banyak input FC maka TC akan semakin sedikit.
Semakin banyak jumlah FC maka pembagiannya akan semakin
besar sehingga TC akan semakin kecil
LONG RUN AVERAGE COST (LRAC)
ATC
AVC

MC I

MAXIMUM PROFIT
I.

= TR TC

= P.Q (VC + FC)

TC

TR,TC

TR TC

TR

Ketika Q = O = -FC
Q > O = P.Q VC FC > - FC

= P.Q VC > O

= P.Q > VC
=P
=P
II.

>

VC
Q

Q
Dimana = Profit maximum

> AVC

Pendekatan yang dipakai MC dan MR

= TR TC
dTC
dTR dTC
O

O
dQ
dQ
dQ

MR = MC
khusus untuk pasar persaingan sempurna
P = MC

dMC/dQ < O

Jika nilainya maximum maka

turunan keduanya harus 50C < 0

P
P2
P1
dMC > O
dQ

Q1
Profit yang
paling
minimum

Q2
Profit yang
paling
maximum

= P.Q - TC
d
dQ

Q3

= P-MC =O
d2
0
dQ 2

- dMC
0
dQ
dMC
0
dQ

Jika P semakin banyak maka quantity yang ditawarkan semakin banyak

(supply) produsen

MC

Kondisi I P = AVC = Shut Down

Kondisi II P = ATC = Normal

MR
Pada Q2=MR>MC

Pada Q3=MC>MR

Q2

Q3

Kondisi III P >ATC = Untung luar biasa

Kondisi IV P < ATC = Rugi
Dibawah ATC tetapi diatas AVC = AVC<P<ATC
P.C
Kurva supply untuk perfect compotition
jangka pendek

P3
P2

ATC

P1

AVC

Q1

Q2

MR

Q
Q3

FC+VC TC1-TC0

Q.P

Q
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

P
131
131
131
131
131
131
131
131
131
131
131

TR
0
131
262
393
524
655
786
917
1048
1179
1310

FC
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

VC
0
90
170
240
320
370
450
540
650
780
930

TC
100
190
270
340
400
470
550
640
750
880
1030

MC
100
90
80
70
60
70
80
90
110
130
150

TC/Q

VC/Q

ATC
~
190
135
113,33
100
94
91,66
91,42
93,75
97,78
103

AVC
0
90
85
80
75
74
75
77,14
81,25
86,67
93

P memotong MC atau P=MC pada saar itu keuntungan paling maximum.

Jarak paling maximum = TR-TC = 1179 880 = 299
MR = MC

MC

MR
ATC
ATC

Pada pendekatan MR=MC maka ruginya rugi minimum dan untungnya

keuntungan maximum. Ketika profit = P> ATC
Q

TR

FC

VC

TC

MC

AVC

AVC

TR-TC

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81
81

0
81
162
243
324
405
486
567
648
729
810

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Rugi

= (ATC P).Q

0
90
170
240
320
370
450
540
650
780
930

100
190
270
340
400
470
550
640
750
880
1030

(91.67-81).6=64.02

100
90
80
70
60
70
80
90
110
130
150

~
190
135
113,33
100
94
91,66
91,42
93,75
97,78
103

0
90
85
80
75
74
75
77,14
81,25
86,67
93

-100
-109
-108
-97
-76
-65
-64
-73
-108
-151
-220

P Minimal P = AVC
P Minimum pada saat AVC paling
minimum

Ketika = Q = 5

MC= P=70

AVC = 74

(94 81).5 = -65

Harga paling minimal ambang

Q=7

perusahaan mau hidup pada

(91,42-81).7=72,94

P=MC=MR=7-

Pada pasar persaingan sempurna P=MR=D

(tidak ada hambatan untuk masuk pasar)
PASAR PERSAINGAN SEMPURNA
Ciri ciri dari pasar persaingan sempurna adalah :
1. Barang yang homogen
2. Tidak bisa sebebasnya menetapkan harga
3. Bebas keluar dan masuk pasar

Contoh soal:
1. Diket : TC = 100 + Q2
Jika P=60 maka :
Dit

: a. Berapa Q supaya maks dan bepara TC?

b. Apa yang terjadi jika P menjadi (P=45)

-Dengan cara total-

Jawab:
a. = TR-TC

P = 2Q

P =MC = dTC

60 = 2Q

P = 2Q P = 2Q

Q = 30 maks

TC = 100 + Q2

= TR TC

TC = 100 + (30)2

= P.Q 1000

TC = 100 + (900)

= 60.30 1000

TC = 1000

= 1800 1000 = 800

b. Jika P (P=45)
P = 2Q

= TR TC

45 = 2Q

= P.Q (100+Q2)

Q = 22,5

= 45.22,5 {100 + (22,5)2}

= 1012,5 (100+506,25)
= 1012,5 (606,5)
= 406,25

FIRM (SATU PERUSAHAAN)

a. Tax Incidence (dampak penggunaan pajak)
A
G

E B}t
AC

P=D=MR

MC1 + t MC2
AC

at = AEFG

At

Qat

bt = ABCD

Qbt

Singel Firm. Harga tetap dengan mengurangi output maka akan

menghasilkan

maximum.

Dalam

proses

persaingan

sempurna,

kenaikan tax sama dengan kenaikan price (harga)

Misalnya: t P
2 P 2

2. TC = 100 + Q2
P = 60

dikenakan pajak pesifik Rp. 5,- / unit

Ditanya: Q = ....? max = .....?

TC = 100 + Q2

TC = 100 + Q2

MC = 2Q + t = P

TC = 100 + (27,5)2

MC = 2Q + 5 = 60

TC = 100 = 756,25

2Q = 55

TC = 856,25

Q = 27,5
= TR - TC
= P.Q TC
= 60 Q (100 + Q2 + 5Q)
= 60.27,5 (100 + 756,25 + 5.27,5)
= 1650 (100 + 756,25 + 137,5)
= 1650 (933,75)
= 656,25
PAJAK PENJUALAN
P=

MR

MC = 5

Profit

ATC

P5 =
dQ

PS
G

Q (P
0

MC)

Misalnya:

1 2 dx
0

X2

[ 2 0 2

1
0

=1
Contoh:
MC = 3 + 2Q

AVC = 3+Q

=9

FC = 3

Dit

: Q = ......... ? PS= ...... ?

AVC=

VC
Q

Jawab : VC = AVC.Q
VC = (3+Q).Q
VC = 3Q + Q2
TC = FC + VC
TC = 3 + 3Q + Q2
TC1= MC = 3 + 2Q = P
3 + 2Q = 9
2Q = 6
Q=3
TR = P x Q

TC = 3 + 3Q + Q2

TR = 9 x 3 = 27

TC = 3 + 3 (3)+ (32)
TC = 3 + 9 + 9
TC = 21

= TR TC
= 27 21
=6
PS = TR VC
= 27 (3Q + Q2)
= 27 (3.3 + 32)
= 27 (9 + 9)
= 27 18 = 9 atau PS = + FC = 6 + 3 = 9ATC = TC / Q
= Q2 + 3Q + 3
Q
= Q + 3 + 3/Q
Q=1 1 + 3 + 3/1 = 7
Q=0 ATC = ~
Q=2 ATC = 2 + 3 + 3/2
= 6,5

MC = 3 + 2Q
Q=0 MC = 3
Q=1 MC = 5
Q=2 MC = 7
Q=3 MC = 9

MC
11
9

ATC
MR=P

(9-7).3
2.3=6

5
3
0
1

ANALISA PASAR PERSAINGAN SEMPURNA

P = Q-4 Supplay
P = 10-Q Demand

PS

D
Q

Tax 1/Unit
Berapa P&Q q
Berapa Tax yang di dapat
pemerintah
Siapa yang menanggung
beban tersbesar

Supply
1. P = Q-4 BT
2. P = Q-4 + t P=Q-4+1 P=Q-3 AT
a. PS = Pd sebelum pajak
Q-4 = 10-Q

P = 10 Q

2Q = 14

P = 10 7

Q =7

P=3

b. PS = Pd setelah pajak
Q-3 = 10 Q

P = 10 Q

2Q = 13

P = 10 6,5

Q = 6,5

P = 3,5

10
6
P

TG = Qx1
= 6,5x1
= 6,5

3,5

AT

C5

BT

C Bt

PS
1

6 6,5 7

-4-

Act
C
P
G
Total

Bt
.7(10-3)=24,5
24,5
0
49

At
.6,5(10-3,5)=21,125
21,125
6,5
48,75

Change
-3.375
-3.375
6,5
-0,25

PASAR MONOPOLI
Harga ada satu penjual
-

Monopoli itu boleh jika dia bisa menciptakan penemuan baru

Monopoly tidak selalu besar dan besar itu tidak selalu monopoli

Monopoly tidak selalu untung karena ada struktur biaya, biaya

perusahaan, dll

Monopoly tidak selau terkontrol.

Contoh: Pemerintah, harga ditetapkan oleh DPRD

Conso:
Diket : TC = 50 + Q2
Pd = 40 Q
Dit

: P&Q ? Max
MR = MC P MR

MC = TC1

MR

MC = 2Q

40-2Q = 2Q

TR = P.Q

40

= 4Q

= (40-Q) (Q)

= 40/4

TR = 40Q-Q2

= 10

MR = TR1
MR = 40 2Q

= MC

40
35
30
25
MC 20
15
ATC 10

Pd = 40 Q

= TR - TC

P = AR AR=TR/Q

= P.Q-(50+Q2)

P = 40Q Q2
Q

= 30.10 (50+100)
= 300 (150)

P = 40 Q

= 150

P = 40 10

ATC =

TC
Q

P = 30

ATC =

50 Q 2
Q

ATC =

50 100 150

15
10
10

Y=U-
Y=U1-+1-U

10

20

30

40

Jika Q=20 maka MR = 0

d =

%Q

d = P 1

Q
Q

Q P

.
Q
P
P Q

Atau

d =

.
Q P

1
1

d Slope

PASAR MONOPOLY
1. = TR TC
2. MC = MR

P
1
.
Q Slope


1
P 1
= MC

P=

MC

P = 1 1

ada 2 variabel

1. MC = Marginal Cost

2. d = Elastisitas Demand

Aturan penetapan harga

P>MC = MR
P

MC
1
1

Diket : P = 40 Q
TC
MC
50
0
75
10
150
20
275
30
450
40
675
50
950
60
1275
70
1650
80

MR
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40

TR
0
175
300
375
400
375
300
175
0

Q
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

P
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

~
-7
-3
-1.67
-1
-0.6
-0.33
-4.14
0

-50
100
150
100
-50
-300
-650
-1100
-1650

1
= QP . Slope

40 1
.

0 1

35
.
5
30
.
3 =
10
25
.
4 =
15
2

1
7
1
1
3
1
1
1,67
1

Mark up Seberapa seseorang mengambil keuntungan dari MC

= P 1

MR

1
d

=P+

= MC

1
P - MC

P
d

P - MC
1

P
d

Conso:
Diketahui : d = -4
MC = 9
P=

MC
9
9

1
1 d
1 -14 1- 41

4
4

1
4

9
3
4

9.

4 36

12
3 3

Mark Up:
1 P - MC

d
P
1 12 9 3

0,25x100% 25%
d
12
12

Jika d = -2
Diketahui : d = -2
MC = 9
MC
9

P=
1
1 d
1 -12
=
Mark Up:

2
2

9
9
2
1 9. 18
1
2 2
1

1 P - MC

d
P
1 18 9

0,5x100% 50%
d
18

Jika :
Diket : Tax = 3

P=3

Pajak Spesifik

P=2

(MC + t)
MC

MC
MC

P =

1
1
1

PBt =

MC
1

MC.
PBt = 1

Pat =

MC t .

( 1)

MC. t.
1

Pat Pbt
MC.+t.-MC.
+1
2t 2t
t.

2t

2
2t
1
1

MC
Pm
Pm

CS

MC=MR

MC

MR
QM QC

Dalam Monopoly
P = AR MR MC
MR = MC

OLIGOPOLY
Produsen / Seller
Ciri-ciri:

Free entry (bebas masuk pasar)

Barrier (little) paten

Produknya terdefensiasi. Seperti mobil (niaga), Toyota, Mitsubishi,

Peranan Advertising (Iklan) sangat penting.

Dalam Oligopoly ada reaksi terhadap pesaing:

~

Q= (P.P)
P1

Db

MR
37,5

Da

MC

MRa
B
50

Q1

a. F2 0% total 100%
b. Jika Quantity perusahaan 2 (F2) = 25%
Output maximum . 100 = 50
Contoh soal:

1.P = 30-Q

MC1= MC2= MC3=12

P = 30-(Q1+ Q2+ Q3)

MC1

= MC2 = 0

= 30 Q

TR1

= P-Q1

Q1 dan 2 > Q2 dan 2

= {(30-(Q1+Q2)}Q1
= 30Q1-Q12-Q1.Q2

MR=30-2Q1-Q2

MR = MC1
30-2Q1-Q2=0
Q2=15-

1
Q2
2

Q2=15-

1
Q1
2

TR1 = 30Q1-Q12-Q1(15= 30Q1-Q12-15Q1+

TR1 = 15Q1 -

1
Q1)
2
1 2
Q
2

1 2
Q1
2

MR1=MC1

Q2=15-7,5

QTot= Q1+Q2

15-Q1 = 0

Q2=7,5

QTot= 15+7,5

Q1=15

QTot= 22,5

Untuk fase persaingan sempurna

P

=30-Q

P = 30-Q

Menguji

MC = 12

P = 30-18

Formulanya: Quality =
Oligopoly ( n 1)

P = 12

= MC

30-Q = 12
Q

= 18

( n ).(QPc

dimana n = Jumlah perusahaan

Pc= Perfect Compotition
Q = (n).QPc
(n+1)
= 3.18
4

= 13,5
2. P= 60-Q
TC1=Q1
TC2= 15Q2+Q12
TR1= P.Q1

MR1=MC1

= {60-(Q1+Q2)Q2

60-2Q1-Q2 =2Q1

= 60Q2-Q12+Q2.Q22

60-Q2

= 4Q1

Q1 = 60/4 Q2/4 = 15-1/4Q2

MR1= 60-Q1-2Q2
MC2= 15+2Q2
Substitusi : Q1 ke Q2
MR2 = MC2

Q2 = 11,25/1/4Q1

60-Q1-2Q2 = 15+2Q2

Q2 = 11,25 -1/4 (15.1/4Q2)

-2Q2 2Q2 = 15-60+Q1

= 11,25 - 15/4+1/16Q2

-4Q2 = -45+Q1/-4

= 11,25 3,75 + 1/16Q2

Q2 = -45/-4 + Q1/-4

Q2-1/16Q2 = 11,25-3,75

Q2 = 11,25 - -1/4Q1

5/16 Q2 = 7,5
Q2 = 7,5.16
15
Q2 = 120
15
Q2 = 8

Sub. Q2 ke Q
Q1 = 15 - Q2
Q1 = 15-1/4.8
Q1 = 15 - 2

Q1= 15 Q2
11,25
10

Q = 13

Q1= 11,25 Q1
10 15

45

Apabila TR2 nya direvisi

Q1

= 15 - Q2 dimasukan ke dalam

TR2 = 60Q2 - Q1. Q2- Q22

= 60Q2 - 15Q2 + Q22 Q22

= 45.Q2 Q22
Contoh :
Asumsi 2 Perusahaan di pasar menghasilkan output
P = 30 Q
MC = 0

(MC1 & MC2 = 0)

Ditanya : berapa Q1 dan Q2 sehingga 1 dan 2 max

Jawab:

= TR - TC

TR = P.Q1

Q1 = 15- Q2

TR1 = (30-Q) Q1

dimana

TR1 = {(30-(Q1+Q2)}Q1

Q1 = 15 Q2

TR1 = 30Q1-Q12-Q1.Q2

Q1 = 15 (15 Q1)

dTR
30 - 2Q1 Q2 MR
dQ1

Q1 = 15 Q1 =

15 1
Q1
2
4

15
2

MR = MC
30 2Q1 Q2 = 0

Q1 =

30 Q2

= 2Q1

Q1

= 15 -

1
Q2
2

30

15

Q1= 15 Q2

10

10 15

30

15 4 60
.
2 3
6

Q1 = 10

Q2 = 10

QT = Q1 + Q2
QTot = 10 + 10 = 20
P
= 30 - QTot
= 30 - 20
= 10
Q1

Pasar Persaingan Sempurna.

P = MC
30-Q = 0
Q = 30
P =0

30

Monopoly
MC = MR
TR = PQ
TR = (30-Q).Q
TR = 30Q Q2
MR = 30 2Q

MR = MC
3 = - 2Q = 0
30 = 2Q
QT = 15
Q1= 7,5 Q2 = 7,5
P = 30 - QT
P = 30 - 15
P = 15

P=30 - Q
Monopoly

15

Oligopoly (duo poly)

10

Perfect Competition

30
10

20

30

25
20
15

Kolusi
Q1 = 15 Q2

10
7,5
5

2,5

7,5 10

15

30

Conso :
2. Diketahui : P = 30 Q

MC1 = MC2 = 12

Ditanya : Q1. Q2 supaya 1, 2 max

= TR TC
TR1

= P. Q1

Q2 = 9 Q1

TR1

= (30 Q ) Q1

dimana

TR1

= ((30 (Q1 + Q2)) Q1

Q1

= 9 Q2

TR1

= 30Q1 Q12 Q1 . Q2

Q1

= 9 (1/2 (9 Q1))

MR

= 30 - 2Q1 Q2

Q1

= 9 9/2 + Q1

MR = MC

Q1

18 9
= 2

30 - 2Q1 Q2 = 12

Q1

= 9/2

30 12 - Q2 = 2Q1

Q1

= 9/2 . 4/3 = 36/6

18 Q2

= 2Q1

Q1

=6

Q1 = 9 1/2Q1
Q2

= 9 1/2Q1

Q1

Q1

=93

Q1

=6

9.6

30
25
20
15
10

Q1 = 9 Q 2

QTot

= Q1 + Q2

QTot

= 6 + 6 = 12

= 30 - QTot

= 30 12

= 18

MR2

15

30

45 Q2 - 2.3/4 Q2
45 6/4 Q2
45 3/2 Q2

MR2 = MC3
45

3
2

Q3

45 - 15

= 15 + 2 Q2
= 2Q2 +

30

3
2

Q1 = 15 Q2

Q2

Q1 = 15 . 8.6

7
Q2
2

= 15 2,5

30.2
= Q2
7

= 12,85

Q2 = 8,6

Composisi in Price

60

Collusive

50
40
30
20

Competition

(heterogenous Goods)
Q T Q1 Q 2
P=4
Collusive
1 = P1Q1-Tc1
P1= P 2
1 = 12 P1-2P12+P1P2-20
1 = 12 P2-2P22+P1P2-20

Multyplant Monopolist

1+2 = 24 P-4P2 +2P2 -40

Tot = 1 + 2
= 24P 2P2 = 0
24 = 4P

P=6

d
0 24 - 4P 0
dP

24 = 4P
P

=6
QT = Q1+Q2

MR = MC1 sehingga 1 max. Q1

MR = MC2 sehingga 2 max
Tot max

First degree
Pa

MC

Pb

Pc

Pc

MC

P= cost minimal harga supaya tidak rugi

AC

B
C

D=AR

MR

Second degree
Pa

MC

P1
Pm

AC
Blok II

P2

Blok I
0

Third degree
P160

Blok III
Q0 Q1 Qm Q2

MC

50

AR2 = D2

P2 40
30
20

MR

MR2

AR1 = D2

MR

AR

ME
ME = MV
AE=S
P

AR1 = D2
Monopsony

MC

MC
AR=D
MR
Q

Monopsony Power =

v p
p

Monopoly Power =

Contoh soal :
D P = 100 Q
S P = 20 3Q
Ditanya : a. P dan Q Perfect Kompetisi
b. P dan Q Monopsony
Jawab :
a.

100 Q = P

P = 100 Q

p MC
p

20 + 3Q = P -

= 100 - 20

80 4Q = 0

P = 80

80 = 4Q
Q = 20
b.

MV = ME
S P = 20 3Q = AE
Untuk monopsony pada TE yang dipakai P nya adalah Supplay
TE = P.Q

MV =ME

PS = 20 + 3Q

= (20 + 3Q) . Q 100 Q = 20 + 6Q

= 20 + 3(11,43)

= 20Q + 3Q2

= 20 + 34,29

80 = 7Q

ME = 20 + 6Q

Q = 11,43

P = 54,26

CONTOH SOAL TEORI EKONOMI MIKRO II

1. Diket : P = 300 3Q
TC = Q3 21 Q2 + 333Q + 180
Tanya : a. Q, P, TR dan
b. P1 = 225 Q, P, TR, TC, 2
Jawab

A. MR

= MC monopoli

TR

= P.Q
= (300 3Q) Q
= 300Q 3Q2
dtr

MR

= dq 300 6Q

TC

= Q 31 21Q 2 333Q 180

MC

= 3Q2 42Q + 333

MR

= MC
300 - 6Q

= 3Q2 42Q + 333

= 3Q2 + 42Q 333

300 6Q

- 67 + 36Q 3Q2 / 33Q 6Q 3Q2 + 42Q

3Q2 36Q 267 33 + 36Q 3Q2 / 3Q2 36 + 33
=

b 2 4a.c
2.a

36 1296 4.3 167 / 36

2. 3

36 1296 124
6

36 34,23
6

1296 12.33
6

36 1172
6

63 30
36 900
=
= 11
6
6

Q1

36 34,23
= 11,70
6

Q2

36 34,23
= 0,295
6

P = 300 3 (Q1 + Q2)

P = 300 3 (Q1 + Q2)

= 300 3. 11,70

= 300 3 (11,995)

= 300 35,1

= 300 35,985

= 264,9

= 264,015

TR

= P.Q
= P. (Q1 + Q2)
= 264,015 . 11,995
= 3166,85

= TR TC
= 3166,85 (11,995)3 21 (11,995)2 + 33 (11,995)2
= 3166,85 (1725,84) 21 (143,88) + 395,83
= 3166,85 1725,84 -3021,48 + 575,83
= 3166,85 1725,84 2445,65
= 3166,85 4171,49
= -1004,64
B. P225 Q,P,TR,TC dan

225

= 300 3Q

3Q

= 300 225

Q = 75/3 = 25
P = 300 3 (95)
= 300 75 = 225
= TR TC
= P.Q Q3 21Q2 + 333Q + 180
= 225.25 - 253 - 21 (25)2 + 333 (25) + 180
= 5625 15625 13125 + 8325 + 180
= 5625 11005
= -5.380
Sebelumnya
TR

= P.Q
= 225.25 = 5625

TC

= 253 21 (25)2 + 333 (25) + 180

= 15625 13125 + 8325 + 180
= 11005

2. Diket : Q = 144/P2
AV C

= Q1/2

FC

=5

Tanya :

a. Q P Max
b. P + 4 Q, P 2

Jawab :
a. Q = 144/ P2

TR = P.Q
12

144

= Q1 / 2 .Q

P2 = Q
P =

144
Q

12

= Q1 / 2

TC = VC + FC

12Q

= Q1 / 2 12Q.Q
= 12Q 1 / 2 .........1
MR = MC

1 / 2

6Q -1/2 = 3/2 Q1/2

AC = AVC.Q + FC

6
= 3/2 Q1/2
Q1 / 2

= Q1/3. Q + 5
= Q 3/2 + 5 ...........2
MC = TC1

12 = 3Q

= 3/2 .Q1/2 ...........3

Q = 4.............5

MR = TR

= 12 Q1/2
= 6Q-1/2.................4
P

12
Q

12
= 6.............6
4

= TR - TC
= (P) . (Q) (Q3/2 + 5)

= 24 (8 + 5)
= 11..............7

b. P = 4
12

P = Q1 / 2
12

4 = Q1 / 2
Q1/2 =

12
4

Q1/2 = 3

= TR - TC
= (4). (9) (Q3/2 + 5)
= 36 27 + 5

= 36 -32

=3

=9

=4

3. Diket : C = 100 5Q + Q2
P = 55 2Q
Tanya :

a. Q 2P max , C5 2 DWL
b. P 27 Q, P, CS 2 , DWL

Jawab :
A. TR

= P.Q
= (C5 2). Q

= 55 2Q
= 55 2 (10)

= 55Q 2Q2

= 55 - 20

MR

= 55.4Q

= 35

MR

= MC

55.4Q = -5 + 2Q
55+5 = 2Q + 4Q
60

= 6Q

= 10

= TR TC
= P.Q 100 - 5Q + Q2
= 35.10 100 5 (10) + (10)2
= 350 100 50 + 100
= 300

Coordinat P

Cordinat 5 : MC

P = 55 2R

P = -5 + 2Q

P = 0 Q = 55/2 = 27,5

P = 0 Q = 2,5

Q = 0 P = 55

Q=0 P=5

C5

= . a. t
= . 10. 55 35
= . 10. 20

C5

= 5 . 20
= 100

DWL = . a. t
= .5 . 20
= 2,5 . 20
= 50
ATC

TC

150

= Q =
= 15
100

MC

=P

MR

= 55 4Q

=0

MR = 0

MR

= 55

Q = 13,75

B. P

= 27

P = 55 2Q

27

= 55 -2Q

= 55 2 (14)

2Q

= 55 27

= 55 28

2Q

= 28

= 27

= 14

TC

= 100 - 5Q + Q2
= 100 5 (14) + (14) 2
= 100 70 + 196
= 226

= TR - TC
= P.Q 226
= 378 226
= 152

CS

= .a.t
= .14. 55 27
= 7. 28
= 196

PWL = . a. t
= .20 .14
= 10. 14
= 140
4. Diket : MC1 = 20 + 2Q1
MC2 = 10 + 5Q2
Tanya

a. Produksi
b. P max

Jawab :

P = 20 3 (Q1 + Q2)

TR

= P.Q
= (20 3Q).Q
= 20Q 3Q2

MR

= 30 3Q

MR

= MC2

20 3Q

= 10 + 5 Q2

20 3 (Q1+Q2)

= 10 + 5Q2

20 3Q1 3Q2

= 10 + 5Q2

20 10 3Q1

= 5Q2 + 3Q2

10 3Q1

= 8Q2

10

= 8Q2 + 3Q1

10

= 3Q1 + 8a2

MR

= MC1

20 3Q

= 20 + 2Q1

20 3 (Q1+Q2)

= 20 + 2Q1

20 - 3Q1 - 3Q2

= 20 + 2Q1

20- 3Q2

= 20 + 2Q1 + 3Q1

20 20 3Q2

= 2Q1 + 3Q1

0 - 3Q2

= 5Q1

= 5Q1 + 3Q2

= 5Q1 + 3Q2

X3

0 = 15Q1+ 9Q2

10

= 3Q1 + 8Q2

X5

50 = 15Q1+ 40Q2
50 = -3Q2
Q2 =

10 = 3Q1 + 8Q2

Qr

10 = 3.Q1 + 8 (1.612)

Q1 = -3/ 2.896

= Q1 + Q2
= -1.035 + 1.612

= 3.Q1 + 12.896
3Q1= 12.896 16

50
= 1,612
31

= 0,577
P

= 20 3Q
= 20 3 (Q1 + Q2

= -1,035

= 20 3 (0,577)
= 20 1,731
= 78,269

5. Diket :

Tanya :

QT

= Q1 + Q2 + Q3

TC1

= 20 + Q12

TC3

= 15 + Q32

TC2

= 10 + Q22

QT

= 60 P

a. Q. Pada Cournot Eq
b.

Jawab :
A. Q = 60 P P = 60 Q
TR1

= P.Q1
= 60 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) . Q1
= 60 Q1 Q 12 - Q1. Q2 - Q1. Q3

MR1

dTR1
= 60 - 2 Q1 Q2 Q3
dQ1

Max syarat MR1 = MC1 = 0

60 - 2 Q1 Q2 Q3 = 2 Q1
60 - 2 Q1 Q2 Q3 - 2 Q1 = 0
60 - 4 Q1 Q2 Q3 = 0
60

= 4Q1 + Q2 + Q3

4Q1

= 60 - Q2 - Q3

Q1

= 15 Q2 - Q3 pers t

TR2

= P.Q2
= 60 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) . Q2
= 60 Q2 - Q22 - Q1 Q2 Q2 . Q3

MR2

dTR 2
= 60 - 2 Q2 Q1 Q3
dQ 2

max syarat MR2 = MC2 = 0

60 - 2 Q2 Q1 Q3 = 2 Q2 = 0
60 - 2 Q2 Q1 Q3 - 2 Q2
60 - 4 Q2 Q1 Q3 = 0
60

= 4 Q2 + Q1 + Q3

4 Q2

= 60 - Q1 Q3

4 Q2

= 15 Q1 Q3 pers I

TR3

= P.Q3
= 60 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) . Q3

MR3

= 60 Q3 - Q32 Q1 . Q3 Q2 . Q3
=

dTR 3
= 60 - 2 Q3 Q1 Q2
dQ 3

Max syarat MR3 = MC3 = 0

60 - 2 Q3 Q1 Q2 = 2 Q3
60 - 2 Q3 Q1 Q3 - 2 Q3 = 0
60 - 4 Q3 Q1 Q2 = 0
60

= 4 Q3 + Q1 + Q2

4 Q2

= 60 - Q1 Q2

4 Q2

= 15 Q1 Q2 pers 3

Substitusi
Pers ke 2 ke pers 1
= 15 (15 Q1 Q3) - Q3
= 15 15/4 + 1/16 Q1 + 1/16 Q3 - Q3
= 45/4 + 1/16Q1 3/16 Q3
1/16Q1 = 45/4 3/16Q3
Q1

45 16 3 16
x

x
Q3
4 15 16 15

Q1

720
48

60
240

Substitusi pers 2 ke pers 3

= 15 Q1 (15 Q1 Q3)
= 15 Q1 15/4 + 1/16 Q1 1/16 Q3
= 15 - 3/16Q1 15/4 + 1/16 Q3
Q3

= 45/4 3/16 Q1+ 1/16 Q3 pers 4

Q3

= 45/4 3/16 Q1+ 1/16 Q3

15/16 Q3 = 45/4 3/16 Q1

Q3

= 45/4 x 16/16 3/10 x 16/15 Q1

Q3

Q3

= 12 -

729
48

Q1
60
240
1
Q1 pers 5
5

Subs pers 5 ke pers 4

Q2

= 12 - 1/5 (12 1/5 Q1)

Q1

= 12 - 12/15 + 1/25 Q1

Q1

48
1

Q1
5
25

24
48
Q1
25
5

= 60-Q

Q1

48 25

5
24

= 60 (Q1 + Q2 + Q3)

Q1

1200
10
120

= 60 (10 + 10 + 10)
= 60 (30)
= 30

Q3

= 12 1/5 Q1
= 12 1/5 . (10)
= 12 2
= 10

Q2

= 15 1/4 Q1 Q3
= 15 1/4 . (10) (10)
= 15 2,5 2,5
= 10

Jadi Q1 = Q2 = Q3
B. 1

= TR1 - TC1
= PQ1 TC1
= (60 Q1 - Q 12 - Q1. Q2 - Q1. Q3 ) (20 + Q 12 )
= 600 100 100 100 120 + 180
= 280

= TP2 - TC2
= 30 .10 20 + Q 12
= 300 120 = 280

6. Diket: TC = 20Q + Q2
P
Tanya :

= 200 - 2Q
a. Q . P . coumot Eq
b. Pers 2 firs raver Q. P dan
c. Berbusi Q , P &

Jawab :
A. P

= 200 2Q
= 200 2 (Q1 + Q2)

TR1

= P. Q1
= (200 Q1 - 2 Q 12 - 2 Q1. Q2

MR1

= 200 2Q1 2Q2

MR1

= MC2 = 0

200 - 4 Q1 - 2Q2 = 20 + 2 Q1

200 - 4 Q1 - 2Q2 - 20 - 2 Q1
180 - 6 Q1 2 Q2 = 0
180

= 6Q1 + 2Q2

6 Q1

= 180 - 2 Q2

Q1

= 3- 1/3 Q2

TR2

= P.Q2
= 200 2(Q1 + Q2). Q2
= 200 Q2 - 2 Q22 2 Q1. Q2

MR2

= 200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1

MR2

= MC2

200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1 = 20 + 2Q2

200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1 - 20 - 2Q2
180 - 6Q2 - 2Q1 = 0
180 = 6Q2 + 2Q1
6Q2 = 180 - 2 Q1
Q2 = 30 1/3 Q1
Subs Q2 ke Q1
Q1

= 30 1/3 (30- 1/3 Q1)

= 30 10 + 1/9Q1

Q1

= 20 + 1/9 Q1

8/9 Q1 = 20
20x9
= 22,5
8

Q1

Q2

= 30 1/3 (22,5)
= 30 7,5
= 22,5 Q1 = Q2 = 22,5

P. Total

= 200 2 (Q1 + Q2)

= 200 2 ( 22,5 + 22,5)
= 200 45
= 155

pasar : 1 + 2
1

= TR1 TC1
= (P. Q1) (20Q1 + Q12)
= (155 . 22, 5) (20 . 22,5 + (22,5)2)
= 3487,5 (-450 + 506,25)
= 3487,5 956,25
= 2531,25 = 1 = 2

B. TR1

= P. Q1
= 200 2 (Q1 + Q2). Q1
= 200 Q1 - 2 Q12 2Q1 . Q2

MR1

= 200 - 4Q1 - 2Q2

MR1

= MC1

200 - 4Q1 - 2Q2 = 20 + 2Q1

200 - 4Q1 - 2Q2 - 20 - 2Q1
180 6Q1 - 2Q2 = 0
180 = 6Q1 + 2Q2
6Q1 = 180 - 2Q2
Q1 = 30 1/3 Q2

TR2

= P. Q2
= 200 2 (Q1 + Q2) . Q2
= 200Q2 - 2Q2 - 2Q1 . Q2

MR2

= 200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1

MR2

= MC2

200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1 = 20 + 2Q2

200 - 4Q2 - 2Q1 - 20 - 2Q2
180 - 6Q2 - 2Q1 = 0
180 = 6Q2 + 2Q1
6Q2 = 180 2Q1
Q2 = 30 1/3Q1
Perusahaan 2 first money
MBS Q1 TR2
TR2

= 200Q2 - 2Q22 2 (30 1/3Q2) . Q2

= 200Q2 - 2Q22 60 2/3Q2
= 200Q2 - 4/3Q22 60
= 200 8/3Q2

MR2

= MC2
= 200 - 8/3Q2 = 20 + 2Q2
= 200 - 8/3Q2 - 20 - 2Q2

= 180 -

14
Q2
3

= 14/3Q2 = 180 = 38, 57 = Q2

= 30 1/3Q2
= 30 12,85
= 17,11
TR2

= 200 2 (Q1 + Q2)

= 200 2 (45)
= 200 90
= 110