RINGKASAN MATERI KIMIA SMA

Jari-jari: Nomor massa = jumlah proton + jumlah neutron Neutron:

= = = = Konfigurasi elektron (prinsip Aufbau): Proton: ;
1 1 = . 0,529 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p Deutron: ;
= 2,18 10
Muatan Formal: MF = EV -1/2EI EN
1 1 1 Tetapan Rydberg: S .
= 1,10 10 7 -1 = ; = 1; = (3 );
1,10 x 10 m
= ; PEP = Pasangan Elektron Pusat; B = Bebas; I = Ikatan

Ik. Ion (elektrovalen): Ikatan logam nonlogam Konsep Mol: Alfa : ;

Ik. Kovalen: Ikatan nonlogam nonlogam o 23
STP (O C, 1 atm), 1 mol = 22,4 L = 6,022 x 10 partikel Beta : ;
Ik. Kovalen: 1) polar; 2) nonpolar; 3) koordinasi Gas Ideal: pV = nRT -> p = MRT -> = MRT Gamma :
Gaya VDW: Gaya London (dispersi), non-polar; Gas van der Waals: Positron : ;
CH4 < Gaya dipol-dipol, polar; aseton < Ikatan
+ ( )= ; + ( )= Triton : ;
Hidrogen, H terikat pada F,O,N; H2O
Struktur Lewis H2SO4
Jari atom bertambah Jari atom berkurang Orbital hibrida Orientasi Contoh Sudut
Pot. Ionisasi berkurang Pot. Ionisasi bertambah sp Linear BeCl2 180
o

Elektronegativitas berkurang Elektronegativitas bertambah sp

2
Trigonal datar BF3 120
o

Afin. Elektron berkurang Afin. Elektron bertambah sp

3
Tetrahedral CH4 109,5
o
2 2- o
dsp Segi 4 datar [Ni(CN)4] 90
C = c.Dt m. c. Dt 3 o o
DH = = sp d Bipiramidal trigonal PCl5 120 ,90
q = m. c.Dt = C.Dt 3 2 o
o = = sp d Oktahedral SF6 90
C = Kapasitas kalor (J/ C) DG = DH TDS
o = + 2 3
d sp Oktahedral [Co(NH3)6]
2+
90
o
c = Kalor jenis (J/g C) DH = DT
Sel Volta/Galvani Sel Elektrolisis
D = S E. putus ikatan S E. bentuk ikatan
Energi kimia Energi listrik
D = SD SD
KRAO KRAO
D = S S KAPAN KNAP
n+ n+
L | L ||M | M
D > 0: tidak spontan; D = 0: setimbang; D < 0: spontan Na Ba Zn Fe Sn Cu Ag Hg Pt Au
< 0: tidak terjadi reaksi redoks; > 0: terjadi reaksi redoks -2,71 -1,57 -0.76 -0,45 -0.137 0,341 0,799 0,851 1,18 1,498

Pergeseran kesetimbangan: DIAGRAM PASUG-THV

1. Konsentrasi ditambah mengurangi konsentrasi = ; k = tetapan laju
2. Tekanan naik = volume turun = tambah konsentrasi mengurangi =
tekanan geser ke koefisien kecil = + ln
3. Suhu naik sistem menyerap kalor (endoterm), DH > 0
4. Suhu turun sistem menghasilkan kalor (eksoterm), DH < 0 = ln ; =
5. Katalisator: mempercepat terjadinya kesetimbangan, tidak mengubah =
[ ]
letak kesetimbangan = ln
[ ]
, [ ] o
= ( ) ; ln = + = log [ ]
, (25 C)
. . .
ln = ; ln = = =
96500 96500
= . ; =

Waktu paruh : 2 2
R = 8,314 J/K.mol 1 Pa = 1 N/m = 1 kg/m.s
, Konsentrasi: 7
/ = = ; = . (1/2) / R = 8,314 x 10 erg/K.mol 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
= . R = 1,987 cal/K.mol = 101325 Pa = 1,01325 bar
Reaksi orde 1: Reaksi orde 0: R = 0,082054 L.atm/K.mol
5
1 bar = 10 Pa
[ ] [ ] = . -23 3 3
= = [ ] = = [ ] KB = 1,38066 x 10 J/K 1 L = 1 dm = 1000 cm
-34 3
Koligatif: h = 6,62608 x 10 J.s 1 L = 1/1000 m
[ ] = [ ] [ ] = [ ] -31 -19
me = 9,10939 x 10 kg 1 eV = 1,602178 x 10 J
= . -27
mp = 1,67262171 x 10 kg 1 cal = 4,418 J
Reaksi orde 2: Reaksi orde 3: = -27
[ ] mn = 1,67492728 x 10 kg 1 inch = 0,0254 m
[ ] = . -9 o -10
= = [ ] = = [ ] e = 1,602177 x 10 C 1 A = 1 x 10 m
= . F = 96485,3 C/mol = 96500 C/mol 1 m = 0,1 deci = 0,01 centi
1 1 1 1 -3 -6
= + = +2 = MRT c = 299.792.458 m/s = 10 mili = 10 micro
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] -9 -10 o
1 H = 27,2113845 eV = 10 nano = 10 A
Faktor vant Hoff: -27 -12 -15
1 a.m.u = 1,66053886 x 10 kg = 10 pico = 10 femto
= (2) ; = (1/2) ; = = 1 + ( 1) 1 g = 9,80665 m/s
2 -18
= 10 atto

Pengenceran: = Kekuatan Asam Basa: Hidrolisis sebagian, pH > 7

[ ] = . = = = ; = derajat disosiasi
Pencampuran: = . [ ] = .[ ] = .[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] = . = .
Arrhenius: Hidrolisis sebagian, pH < 7
Larutan Buffer: Ksp:
asam HA H+ + A-; basa MOH M+ + OH- [ ] [ ] = .[ ]= .[ ]
Bronsted-Lowry: [ ] = . n = 2; =[ ][ ] =
+ + [ ] Tidak terhidrolisis, pH bervariasi n = 3; =[ ][2 ] = 4
asam donor H ; basa akseptor H
[ ]
Lewis: [ ] = . . n = 4; =[ ][3 ] = 27
[ ] [ ] = =
asam akseptor elektron; basa donor elektron

SISTEM PERIODIK UNSUR

IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
1H 2 He
3 Li 4 Be alkali alkali tanah transisi metaloid non-logam 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10 Ne
11 Na 12 Mg Aufbau: 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar
19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr
37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe
55 Cs 56 Ba 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn
87 Fr 88 Ra 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Uut 114 Fl 115 Uup 116 Lv 117 Uus 118 Uuo

Lantanida 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu
Aktinida 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr
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