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(Bag. 2)
KEUANGAN MENENGAH I
- ALTAF - Topik
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Aplikasi LCNRV
Bisa diterapkan secara individual/item (preferable), grup, atau total
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Mencatat & Menyajikan LCNRV
Seandaikan COGS (sebelum penyesuaian ke NRV) 108,000; ending inventory (cost)
82,000; ending inventory (at NRV) 70,000 penurunan 12,000
Loss method Loss Due to Decline to NRV 12,000
Inventory (82,000 - 70,000) 12,000 Dampak
ke R/L Loss COGS
COGS method COGS 12,000 Method Method
Inventory 12,000
Sales 200.000 200.000
Cost of goods sold 108.000 120.000
Dampak
Gross profit 92.000 80.000
ke Neraca
Operating expenses:
Loss COGS Selling 45.000 45.000
Method Method
General and administrative 20.000 20.000
Current assets:
Inventory 70.000 70.000 Total operating expenses 65.000 65.000
Prepaids 20.000 20.000 Other income and expense:
Accounts receivable 350.000 350.000
Loss due to decline of inventory to NRV 12.000 -
Cash 100.000 100.000
Total current assets 540.000 540.000 Interest income 5.000 5.000
Total other (7.000) 5.000
Income from operations 20.000 20.000
Income tax expense 6.000 6.000
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Net income 14.000 14.000
Alternatif lain, menggunakan Allowance
Loss method Loss Due to Decline to NRV 12,000
Allowance to Reduce Inventory to NRV 12,000
Dampak
Diket. COGS (sebelum ke Neraca
No
penyesuaian ke NRV)
Allowance Allowance
108,000; ending Current assets:
inventory (cost) Inventory 70.000 82.000
82,000; ending Allowance to reduce inventory (12.000)
inventory (at NRV) Inventory at NRV 70.000
70,000 penurunan Prepaids 20.000 20.000
12,000 Accounts receivable 350.000 350.000
Cash 100.000 100.000
Total current assets 540.000 540.000
Finished Desks A B C D
Catalog selling price 500 540 900 1,200
FIFO cost per inventory list 12/31/15 470 450 830 960
Estimated cost to complete and sell 50 110 260 200
Net realizable value 450 430 640 1,000
Lower-of-cost-or-NRV 450 430 640 960
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Special Valuation: NRV
Penyimpangan dari LCNRV: cost sulit ditentukan, item siap
diperjualbelikan (readily marketable at quoted market prices), dan unit
produk saling tertukar (interchangeable)
Aturan umum NRV umumnya cocok untuk
Agricultural assets
Biological asset (di Neraca sbg non-current asset), tanaman/hewan hidup (domba,
lembu, tanaman buah, pohon kapas). Aset biologis diukur pada initial recognition dan
akhir periode pelaporan pada fair value less costs to sell (NRV) gain/loss
Agricultural produce (hasil bumi), produk aset biologis yang dipanen, seperti wool dari
domba, susu dari lembu, buah-buahan, kapas... Diukur pada fair value less costs to sell
(NRV) pada saat panen. Usai dipanen, NRV menjadi cost
Commodities held by broker-traders
Persediaannya diukur pada fair value less costs to sell (NRV), dg perubahan NRV diakui
dampaknya gain/loss
Jual beli komoditas, seperti gandum, logam mulia, minyak yang dipanen/diambil
hasilnya
Tujuan inti: dijual segera, memperoleh profit dari fluktuasi harga
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Pencatatan Produk Agrikultur pada NRV
ES memproduksi susu untuk dijual ke pembuat keju. ES memulai usaha 2
Jan 2015, dg membeli 420 milking cows seharga 460,000
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Special Valuation: Purchase
Commitments
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Persentase LK:
Seandaikan cost 15, dijual for 20,
Memahami %-LK maka LK 5
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Ilustrasi Gross Profit Method
Inventory, May 1 160,000
Astaire Co. gunakan gross profit method Sales 1,000,000
untuk estimasikan persediaan (pelaporan Purchases (gross) 640,000
bulanan). Sales returns 70,000
Freight-in 30,000
Purchases discounts 12,000
Estimated ending inventory pada 31 Mei, asumsi gross Estimated ending inventory pada 31 Mei, asumsi
profit 25% atas sales gross profit 25% atas cost.
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Estimasi Persediaan: Beg. inventory, Oct. 1
COST
52,000
RETAIL
78,000
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Kompleksitas Retail Inventory Method
Item yang mungkin bisa
berpengaruh ke Retail Method:
freight cost, purchase returns,
purchase discount & allowances,
transfer-in, normal/abnormal
shortages, employee discounts
Karena sales dicatat gross, sales
discount tdk diakui
Evaluasi Retail Method:
u/ penentuan income, meski
tdk menghitung secara fisik
perlu pengendalian untuk
menentukan kekurangan nilai
persediaan
persediaan on hand perlu diatur
kembali
perlu informasi asuransi
bisa dikombinasikan dg
Gross Profit Method
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Analisis terkait Persediaan 3
Inventory Turnover, mengukur berapa kali rata2 UB menjual
persediaan selama periode berjalan
Pada 2013, persediaan awal 450 juta, persediaan akhir 510 juta,
COGS 2,066 juta
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PRESENTATION: GLOBAL
ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS 4
About The Numbers
Presented below is a disclosure under U.S. GAAP related to inventories, which reflects
application of U.S. GAAP to its inventories.