EKONOMI TEKNIK 5

LANGKAH-LANGKAH PENYUSUNAN
ANALISA EKONOMI
TENTUKAN PROSES YANG DIGUNAKAN
• Hitung Neraca Massa berdasarkan kapasitas
dan konversi /yield
• Tentukan peralatan dan jumlah Alat yang
diperlukan
• Dari neraca masa akan didapat massa tiap alat
• Besar peralatan akan didapatkan
 Mass Balance of sweet Sorgum Bioetanol Production

Sweet
sorgum Sweet sorgum Water
grain

Pressing Solar Drying

bagase

Filtration sifter Milling

impurity Water

Liquefaction
Enzim
Enzim

Saccarification
and Distilation Dehydration bioethanol
Yeast fermentation 99,5%

water recycle 1 water recycle 2

 Fixed Capital Investment
• Purchased equipment
• Equipment instalation
• Piping
• Instrumentation
• Insulation
• Electrical
• Building
• Land and yard improvement
• Utilities
• Physical plant cost
• EC
• Direct plant cost
• Contractor fee
• Contigency
 Contoh Alat pembuatan ethanol
Harga
Nama Alat Jumlah Alat
(US$) 2014
Tank 4 22600
Bucket elevator 2 15000
Hopper 2 10000
Mill (Pebble mill ) 2 71900
Sifter 2 10000
Belt Conveyor ( 40 feet ) 2 45800
Pressing 1 100000
Filter ( plate n frame 50 ft^2) 1 42100
Pump 4 8900
Heater 2 14100
Cooler 1 9100
Reactor SSF 2 67600
Destillation 1 167000
Condensor 1 20000
Reboiler 1 20400
Solid separator (cetrifuge) 1 81800
Membran pervaporator 1 120000
Total 826300
Perhitungan indek harga (sumber
http://www.matche.com
No Tahun (x) indeks (y)
1 2000 394,1
2 2001 394,3
3 2002 395,6
4 2003 402
5 2004 442
6 2005 468,2
7 2006 499,6
8 2007 525,4
9 2008 575,4
10 2009 521,9
11 2010 550,7
Buat persamaan untuk menentukan indek pada
Tahun produksi
700

600
y = 19,429x + 353,35
R² = 0,8892
500

400

300
Series1
Linear (Series1)
200

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
 Hitung kebutuhan tenaga kerja
Labor Jumlah Gaji/bl (Rp) Gaji/th (Rp)
*Karyawan proses
Operator 25 2.500.000,00 750.000.000,00
*Karyawan produksi selain karyawan proses 15 2.000.000,00 360.000.000,00

Total Labor Cost Rp 1.110.000.000,00

Supervisi Jumlah Gaji/bl Gaji/th

Kabag produksi, teknik 1 10.000.000,00 120.000.000,00
Kasi Proses dan utilitas 3 5.000.000,00 180.000.000,00
Kasi produksi non proses 3 3.500.000,00 126.000.000,00
Rp 426.000.000,00

Jabatan Jumlah Gaji/bln (Rp.) Gaji/thn (Rp.)

Direktur utama 1 30.000.000,00 360.000.000,00
Kepala Bagian 3 15.000.000,00 540.000.000,00
Sekretaris 1 6.000.000,00 72.000.000,00
Kepala Seksi 7 8.000.000,00 672.000.000,00
Karyawan 20 2.500.000,00 600.000.000,00
Satpam 4 1.500.000,00 72.000.000,00
Sopir 4 1.500.000,00 72.000.000,00
Pesuruh & Cleaning Service 9 1.200.000,00 129.600.000,00
Total management salaries /thn 2.517.600.000,00
206.445,26
 Purchased Equipment cost
Purchased Equipment Cost
Harga alat (EC)
Biaya pengngkutan smp plbhn 15 % (EC)
Asuransi pengangkutan 0.5-1 (1%) EC
Provisi Bank 0.2-0.5 (0.5%) EC
pengankutan dr plbhn smp lokasi (15% EC)
EMKL 0,2-1,0 (1%) EC
Pajak barang impor 20% EC

Total Purchased Eqp Cost (PEC)

Equipment instalation
Material = 11% PEC
Buruh = 32% PEC

Jumlah manhour asing

tenaga asing 5% x US$20 x jmlh
manhour asing
Tenaga Indonesia 95% x 3 x 20.000,00 x
jmlh manhour asing/ 12.195

Instalation cost
Piping
Material = 49% PEC
Buruh = 37% PEC

Piping cost

Instrumentation
Material = 24% PEC
Buruh = 6% PEC
jmlh manhour asing
Tenaga asing 5% x US$20 x jmlh
manhour asing
Tenaga Indonesia = 95% x3 xRp
20.000,00 x / 12.195

Instrumentation cost
Insulation
Material = 3% PEC
Buruh = 5% PEC

Insulation cost

Electricity
Material = 9% PEC
Buruh = 6% PEC

Electricity cost

Building

Luas bangunan diperkirakan (0,5 ha) 5.000,00

Harga bangunan diperkirakan 2.000.000,00

Building Cost 820.008,20

Plant Area

Luas tanah diperkirakan (0,8 ha) 8.000,00

Harga tanah diperkirakan 2.000.000,00

Total biaya tanah 16.000.000.000,00

1.312.013,12

Perluasan area pabrik 157.668,46

Total Plant Area Cost 1.469.681,58

Utility
Besarnya utilitas : average service (hal 109) 0.5xPEC

630.673,82

Environmental Cost
Besarnya 6- 30% PEC, diambil 20% PEC
 Total Physical plant cost
• Total Purchased Eqp Cost (PEC)
• Instalation cost
• Piping cost
• Instrumentation cost
• Insulation cost
• Electricity cost
• Building Cost
• Total Plant Area Cost
• Utility
• Environmental Cost
PHYSICAL PLANT COST (PPC) 6.461.584,88

Engineering and Construction (20% PPC) 1.292.316,98

DIRECT PLANT COST (DPC) 7.753.901,86

Contractor’s Fee (10% DPC) 775.390,19

Contingency (25% DPC) 1.938.475,46

Fixed Capital Investment : DPC + Contractor fee +contigency

Plant start up : 10 % x fixed capital investment
 TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL INVESMENT (WCI)
WORKING CAPITAL
Kebutuhan (kg/jam) Kebutuhan(kg/bulan)

4.687,50 3.375.000,00
Sweet Sorgum (stalk)
10.937,50 7.875.000,00

Yeast 284,24

Enzim 0,40

Raw Material Inventory 67.568.456.996,72

Inprocess Inventory = (0,5x3x`TMC)/(24X 330) 2.068,70

Produk Inventory = (30/330)/TMC 992.974,87

Extended Credit = (30/330)/ harga jual 2.583.025,83

Available Cash = (30/330)/ TMC 992.974,87

 Total Capital Investment
• Fixed capital investment
• Plant start up
• Working capital investment