Kristalisasi

OTK III (3 SKS)

Rizka Amalia, S.T., M.T.
 SEPARATION PROCESSES
Liquid- Liquid- Solute-
Gas-Gas Solid-Solid
Liquid Solid Solution

Centrifuga- Crystalli-
Adsorption Distillation Extraction
tion zation

Decanta-
Absorption Extraction
tion

Cryogenic
Filtration
distillation

Membrane
separation

OTK III - Rizka Amalia, S.T., M.T.

 Kristalisasi

 Kristalisasi merupakan proses separasi suatu solute dari fase

homogennya membentuk fasa padatan kristalin.

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 Proses Kristalisasi
Kristalisasi dari Uap
Kristalisasi dari Lelehan
Kristalisasi dari Larutan

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 OTK III - Rizka Amalia, S.T., M.T. - PSD3
5 T.Kimia SV UNDIP

Kristalisasi dari Lelehan

dikembangkan
khususnya untuk
pembuatan silicon
single kristal yang
selanjutnya dibuat
silicon waver yang
merupakan bahan
dasar pembutan
chip-chip integrated
circuit ( IC ). Proses
Prilling ataupun
granulasi sering
dimasukkan dalam
tipe kristalisasi ini.
 t4h

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 OTK III - Rizka Amalia, S.T., M.T. - PSD3
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Kristalisasi Fasa Uap

proses
sublimasi-
desublimasi
dimana suatu
senyawa dalam
fasa uap
disublimasikan
membentuk
kristal. Dalam
industri
prosesnya bisa
meliputi beberapa
tahapan untuk
mendapatkan
produk kristal
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8 T.Kimia SV UNDIP

Kristalisasi dari Larutan

proses kristalisasi
yang umum
dijumpai di
bidang Teknik
Kimia :
pembuatan
produk-produk
kristal senyawa
anorganik
maupun organic
seperti gula pasir,
sodium glutamat,
asam sitrat,
garam dapur,
tawas, fero sulfat
dll.
 Kristalisasi dan Kelarutan
Larutan ?
Larutan jenuh?
Supersaturasi?

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 KONSEP DASAR PELARUTAN

Gambar 3. Mekanisme pelarutan

OTK III - Rizka Amalia, S.T., M.T.
 PEMBENTUKAN LARUTAN
For a solution to occur, the At the same time, the solvent
solvent molecules must molecules must be separated
overcome this intermolecular from each other by the
stickiness in the solute molecules of the solute.

The solvent molecules

must find their way
between and around
the solute molecules.
 This is accomplished best when the attractions between the
molecules of both components are similar.
 If the attractions are sufficiently different, the strongly attracted
molecules will cling together, excluding the weakly attracted
molecules, and immiscibility (not able to be mixed) will result .
 Oil and water do not mix because the water molecules, strongly
attracted to each other, will not allow the weakly, attracted oil
molecules between them.

oil

water
 The type of forces between solute-solute molecules and
solvent-solvent molecules must be considered.
 These intermolecular attractions must be broken
before new solute-solvent attractive forces can become
effective. Perhaps the bond breaking and bond forming
processes take place simultaneously.
 A solute will dissolve in a solvent if the solute-solvent
forces of attraction are great enough to overcome the
solute-solute and solvent-solvent forces of attraction.
 A solute will not dissolve if the solute-solvent forces of
attraction are weaker than individual solute and
solvent intermolecular attractions.
 Generally, if all three of the intermolecular forces of
attraction are roughly equal, the substances will be
soluble in each other.
Mengapa ada solut (padat maupun cair) yang dapat larut
dalam suatu solven, dan ada yang tak dapat larut?

Suatu senuawa akan melarutlan senyawa lain jika gaya

antar molekul keduanya sejenis.

LIKES DISSOLVES LIKE

 Solubility Rule: LIKES DISSOLVE LIKES

This means that ionic or NaCl dissolves in water

polar solutes dissolve in Sugar dissolves in water
polar solvents. Alcohol dissolves in water

Non-polar
solutes dissolve Vegetable oil dissolves in hexane
in non-polar Lubricating oil dissolves in kerosene
solvents. Jack fruit gum dissolves in kerosene

Polar and ionic solutes DO NOT dissolve in non-polar

solvents and vice versa.
Ada beberapa cara untuk menyatakan komposisi larutan:
 Larutan
 Larutan : campuran homogen dari dua senyawa atau lebih (solute
dan solvent)
 Larutan jenuh mengandung jumlah maksimum solut yang dapat
terlarut dalam jumlah pelarut tertentu pada temperatur spesifik
 Supersaturasi (Larutan Lewat Jenuh) merupakan suatu
kondisi dimana konsentrasi padatan (solute) dalam suatu larutan
melebihi konsentrasi jenuh larutan tersebut, maka pada kondisi
inilah kristal pertama kali terbentuk

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