Tugas Fisika Matematika 2

(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑐, ∅, 𝑧) = (𝑟, 𝜃, ∅)

rd 𝜃

𝜃
dz

rd𝜃
d𝜃 dr

Bab 4
SECTION 1
𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
4. Untuk 𝑤 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 6 , Tentukan dan pada titik dimana = = 0.
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝑤 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 6
𝜕𝑤
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑤
= −3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦
 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 = 0
−2𝑦 = −3𝑥 2
2𝑦 = 3𝑥 2
3
𝑦 = 2 𝑥2
3
Substitusikan 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 2 ke persamaan−3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥

−3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
3 2 2
−3 ( 𝑥 ) − 2𝑥 = 0
2
9
−3 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 = 0
4
X4
−27𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 = 0
𝑥 (−27𝑥 3 − 8) = 0
x = 0 V−27𝑥 3 − 8 = 0
−27𝑥 3 = −8
8
𝑥 3 = −27
2
𝑥=−
3
 −3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
−2𝑥 = 3𝑦 2
3
𝑥 = − 2 𝑦2

3
Substitusikan 𝑥 = − 2 𝑦 2 ke persamaan3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦

−3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 = 0
3 2
−3 (2 𝑥 2 ) − 2𝑥 = 0
9
−3 4 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 = 0

X4
27𝑦 4 − 8𝑦 = 0
𝑦 (27𝑦 3 − 8) = 0
y= 0 V27𝑦 3 − 8 = 0
27𝑦 3 = 8
 8 2
𝑦 3 = 27 𝑦=3

5. Gunakan fakta yang dinyatakan pada Problem 2 untuk menentukan titik maksimum dan
minimum dari fungsi pada Problem 3 hingga 6
𝟏
4 + x + y - 𝒙𝟐 – xy - 𝟐 𝒚𝟐

Diketahui : w = 8𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 - 2x𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
Ditanyakan : ; dimana = =0
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Jawab :

 w = 8𝑥 4 +𝑦 4 -2𝑥𝑦 2

misalkan diturunkan terhadap x

u = -2x ; v = 𝑦2

𝑢′ = -2 ; 𝑣′= 0

Maka, 𝑢′ v+𝑣 ′ u = (-2) (𝑦 2 ) + 0 (-2x)

= -2𝑦 2
𝜕𝑤
= 32𝑥 3 + 0 - 2𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥

= 32𝑥 3 - 2𝑦 2

𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕 𝜕𝑤
= 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑥

𝜕
= 𝜕𝑥 (32𝑥 3 - 2𝑦 2 )

= 96𝑥 2

 w = 8𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 - 2x𝑦 2

Dimisalkan diturunkan terhadap y

u = -2x ; v = 𝑦2
𝑢′ = 0 ; 𝑣 ′ = 2y

Maka, 𝑢′ v+𝑣 ′ u = (0) (𝑦 2 ) + (2y) (-2x)

 =-4xy
𝜕𝑤
= 0 + 4𝑦 3 - 4xy
𝜕𝑦

= -4𝑦 3 -4xy

𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕 𝜕𝑤
= 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑦

𝜕
= 𝜕𝑦 (4𝑦 3 -4xy)

Dimisalkan diturunkan terhadap y

u = -4x ; v=y

𝑢′ = 0 ; 𝑣′= 1

Maka, 𝑢′ v+𝑣 ′ u = (0) (y) + (1) (-4x) = -4x

𝜕2 𝑤 𝜕
= 𝜕𝑦 (4𝑦 3 -4xy)
𝜕𝑦 2

= 12𝑦 2 -4x
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
Dimana = =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑤
=0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑤
=32𝑥 3 -2𝑦 2
𝜕𝑥

32𝑥 3 -2𝑦 2 = 0 … (1)

𝜕𝑤
=0
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑤
=4𝑦 3 -4xy
𝜕𝑦

4𝑦 3 -4xy=0 … (2)

 Berdasarkan persamaan (1)

3𝑥 3 -2𝑦 2 = 0
3𝑥 3 =2𝑦 2

3
2𝑦 2
𝑥 =
3
3 2𝑦 2
𝑥=√ … (3)
3
 Substituskan persamaan (1) ke (2)

3 2𝑦 2
𝑥=√ → 4𝑦 3 -4xy=0
3

3 2𝑦 2
4𝑦 3 − 4 ( √ )𝑦 = 0
3

Ruas kiri dan kanan dibagi 4

3 2𝑦 2
43 − ( √ )𝑦 = 0
3

Ruas kiri dan kanan dipangkatkan

2𝑦 2 3
y6 − ( )y = 0
3
2𝑦 5
y6 −
3
Ruas kiri dan kanan dikali 3
3y 6 − 2y 5 = 0
y 5 (3𝑦 − 2) = 0
𝑦=0 atau 3𝑦 − 2 = 0
3𝑦 = 2

2
𝑦=
3

 Berdasarkan persamaan (2)

4𝑦 3 -4𝑥𝑦 = 0
4𝑦 3 =4xy
4𝑥𝑦
𝑦3 =
4
𝑦 2 = 4𝑥

𝑦 = √4𝑥 … (4)

 Subtitusikan persamaan 4 ke 1
𝑦 = √4𝑥 → 32x 3 − 2y 2 = 0
2
32x 3 − 2(√4𝑥) = 0
32x 3 − 2(4𝑥) = 0
 32x 3 − 8𝑥 = 0

Ruas kiri dan kanan dibagi 8

4x 3 − 8 = 0
4x 2 =8
8
x2 =
4
x2 = 2
𝑥 = √2
 Ketika dititik (x,y) = (0,0)
𝜕2 𝑤
Maka = 96𝑥 2 = 0
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕 2𝑤
= 12𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 0
𝜕𝑦 2
2
 Ketika dititik (x,y) = (√2, 3)
𝜕2 𝑤 2
= 96𝑥 2 = 96(√2) = 96(4) = 384
𝜕𝑥 2

𝜕2 𝑤 2 2
= 12𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 = 12 (3) − 4√2
𝜕𝑦 2

4
= 12 ( ) − 4√2
9
= 5,33 − 5,65 = −0,17

14. Diketahui: 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 ,
𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃,
𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃.
𝜕𝑧
Ditanyakan: (𝜕𝜃)
𝑦

Jawab :
𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2
𝑧 = (𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 + 2𝑦 2
𝑧 = 𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 2𝑦 2
 𝝏𝒛 𝝏(𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟐𝒚𝟐 ) 𝟏
( ) = 𝝏(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽) 𝝏(𝟐 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐)
𝝏𝜽 𝒚 𝝏𝜽 =
𝝏𝜽 𝝏𝜽
𝝏𝒛
( ) = (𝟐𝒓(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽))
𝝏𝜽 𝒚
+ (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽(𝒓𝟐 ))

𝝏𝒛
( ) = 𝟐𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽
𝝏𝜽 𝒚

15.Diketahui : 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2
𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃
𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
𝜕𝑧
Ditanyakan : (𝜕𝜃)𝑟
Jawab :
𝑧 = (𝑟 cos 𝜃)2 + 2(𝑟 sin 𝜃)2

𝜕𝑧 𝜕(𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 + 2𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃)

( ) =
𝜕𝜃 𝑟 𝜕𝜃

𝜕𝑧
( ) = 𝑟 2 (− sin 2𝜃 + 2 sin 2𝜃)
𝜕𝜃 𝑟

= 𝑟 2 sin 2𝜃

23. Diketahui:
z= 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2
x= r cos 𝜃 ; y= r sin 𝜃
z= r2 cos2𝜃 + 2r2sin2𝜃
𝜕2 𝑧
Tentukan turunan parsial 𝜕𝑟𝜕𝜃

Jawab:
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
= 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃
𝜕𝑟𝜕𝜃
𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑟𝜕𝜃
= 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃 r2 cos2𝜃 + 2r2sin2𝜃
 𝜕𝑧
= (-r2 cos 𝜃sin𝜃 + 2r2 2 sin 𝜃cos 𝜃)
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑧
= 𝜕𝑟 (2r2-r2) 2 sin 𝜃cos 𝜃
𝜕𝑧
= 𝜕𝑟(2r2-r2) sin 2 𝜃

= (4r -2r) sin 2 𝜃

= 2r sin 2 𝜃

SECTION 2
5. Tentukan deret Mc Laurin 2 Variabel dari fungsi √1 + 𝑥𝑦

Jawab:

1 1 1 1 1
1 2 (2 − 1) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 2 (2 − 1) (2 − 2) 𝑥 3 𝑦 3
√1 + 𝑥𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥𝑦 + + +
2 2! 3!
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
1 ( − )𝑥 𝑦 ( − ) ( − 2) 𝑥 3 𝑦 3
= 1 + 𝑥𝑦 + 2 4 2 +2 4 2 2 +⋯
2 2.1 3.2.1
1 1 1
= 1 + 𝑥𝑦 + (− 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + ⋯
2 8 16
1 1 1
= 1 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 + ⋯
2 8 16

SECTION 4
6. Diketahui :
4π2 l
𝑔 =
𝑇2
Relative error l = 5% = 0,05
Relative error T = 2% = 0,02
Ditanyakan :
Relative error g = . . . . ?
Jawab :
ln g = ln 4π2 + ln l – 2 ln T
𝑑𝑔 𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑇
= -2
𝑔 𝑙 𝑇
𝑑𝑔 𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑇
|𝑔| =|𝑙|-2|𝑇 |

= |0,05| – 2 |0,02|
 = 0,01 --- (1%)
Jadi relative error g sebesar 1 %
(ln 4π2 nilainya = 0, karena konstanta)

7. Coulomb’s law for the force between two charges q1 and q2 at distance r is 𝐹 =
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 /𝑟 2 . Find the relative error in 𝑞2 in the worst case if the relative error in 𝑞1 is 3%
; in r, 5% ; and in
F, 2%.
Jawab:
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2
𝐹=
𝑟2
ln 𝐹 = ln 𝑘 + ln 𝑞1 + ln 𝑞2 − 2 ln 𝑟
𝑑𝐹 𝑑𝑞1 𝑑𝑞2 𝑑𝑟
= + −2
𝐹 𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑟
𝑑𝐹 𝑑𝑞1 𝑑𝑞2 𝑑𝑟
| |=| |+| | − 2| |
𝐹 𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑟
𝑑𝑞
0,02 = 0,03 +| 𝑞 2 | – 2(0.05)
2

𝑑𝑞2
| | = 0,02 − 0,03 + 0,10
𝑞2
𝑑𝑞2
| | = 0,09
𝑞2
𝑑𝑞2
| | = 9%
𝑞2

SECTION 5
4. Diketahui 𝑥 = ln(𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 ), 𝑢 = 𝑡 2 , 𝑣 = cos 𝑡, Tentukan 𝑑𝑥⁄𝑑𝑡

Jawab

𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑣
= +
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑣 𝑑𝑡
𝜕(ln(𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 )) 𝑑(𝑡 2 ) 𝜕(ln(𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 )) 𝑑(cos 𝑡)
= +
𝜕𝑢 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑣 𝑑𝑡
2𝑢 2𝑣
= ( 2 ln 𝑣 2 ) (2𝑡) + ( 2 ln 𝑢2 ) (− sin 𝑡)
𝑢 𝑣
2𝑡 sin 𝑡
= 2( ln 𝑣 2 − ln 𝑢2 )
𝑢 𝑣
 𝑥 = ln(𝑢2 − 𝑣 2 )

ln 𝑢2
=
ln 𝑣 2
Diturunkan terhadap u Diturunkan terhadap v

𝑢 = ln 𝑢2 𝑣 = ln 𝑣 2 𝑢 = ln 𝑢2 𝑣 = ln 𝑣 2
2𝑢 2𝑣
𝑢 ′ = 𝑢2 𝑣=0 𝑢′ = 0 𝑣 = 𝑣2

Maka Maka
2𝑢 2𝑣
𝑢′ 𝑣 + 𝑣 ′ 𝑢 = 𝑢2 (ln 𝑣 2 ) + 0(ln 𝑢2 ) 𝑢′ 𝑣 + 𝑣 ′ 𝑢 = 0(ln 𝑣 2 ) + 𝑣2 (ln 𝑢2 )

2𝑢 2𝑣
= 𝑢2 ln 𝑣 2 = 𝑣2 ln 𝑢2

5. Dari persamaan 5.1, apabila 𝑧 = 𝑧(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑦 = 𝑦(𝑥),buktikan bahwa

𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Jawab:
Persamaan 5.1
𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Analog dengan persamaan diatas, dengan mengganti 𝑑𝑡 menjadi 𝑑𝑥, maka
𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= +
𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑦
= 𝜕𝑥 + 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑥 (TERBUKTI)
𝑑𝑥

SECTION 6
7.Diketahui :𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 = 8
Ditanya :
a. Gradien di titik (3,-1)
b. Persamaan tangent

Jawab :

a. 𝑦 3 − 𝑥 3 = 8
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 =8
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
3(−1)2 − 2(3)(−1) − (−1) =8
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
3 +6− =8
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑦
2 =2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
=1
𝑑𝑥

b.
𝑦 − 𝑦1
=𝑚
𝑥 − 𝑥1

𝑦 − (−1)1
=1
𝑥−3

𝑦+1
=1
𝑥−3
𝑦+1=𝑥−3
𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝑥−𝑦−4=0

8. Jika y3 – x2y = 8 adalah persamaan sebuah kurva. Tentukan gradien dan kemiringan
pada titik 3,1
Jawab:
𝑑𝑦
untuk
𝑑𝑥

2𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3y – 2xy – x2𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
= (3𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥

𝑑2𝑦
Untuk
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
6y 𝑑𝑥 2 – 2y – 2x 𝑑𝑥 – 2x𝑑𝑥 2 = 0
 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
6y𝑑𝑥 2 – 2x 𝑑𝑥 2 = 2y + 2x𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑2𝑦 2𝑦+2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 2 6𝑦−2𝑥

2𝑥𝑦
2
𝑑 𝑦 2𝑦 + 2𝑥 ( ) (2𝑦 + 2𝑥)2𝑥𝑦
3𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
= =
𝑑𝑥 2 6𝑦 − 2𝑥 (6𝑦 − 2𝑥)(3𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )

Saat (x,y)=(3,1)
𝑑2𝑦 (2(−1) + 2.3)(2. 3(−1))
=
𝑑𝑥 2 (6(−1)(−2)3)(3(−1)2 − 32 )
(−2+6)(6−1)
= (−6−6)(−6)
4.5 20 5
= = =
(−12)(−6) 72 8

SECTION 7
12. Diketahui
𝑤 =𝑥+𝑦

𝑥 3 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 3 = 𝑠

𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 = 𝑡

𝑑𝑤 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦

3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑠

(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑠

2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡

(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑠 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
| |
𝑑𝑡 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑠 − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = =
3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
| |
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
 𝑑𝑠 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦
| |
𝑑𝑡 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 (2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑠 − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 = =
𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 3𝑥 2 + 𝑦 (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)
| 2 2 |
𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦

(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑠 − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤 =
(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑠 − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑡
+
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑤 = ( ) 𝑑𝑠
(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
−( ) 𝑑𝑡
(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
+( ) 𝑑𝑠
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)
3𝑥 2 + 𝑦
−( ) 𝑑𝑡
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑤 = (
(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
+ ) 𝑑𝑠
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)
𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
−(
(3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
3𝑥 2 + 𝑦
+ ) 𝑑𝑡
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)

𝑑𝑤 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦
=(
𝑑𝑠 (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
+ )
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)

𝑑𝑤 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
= −(
𝑑𝑠 (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦) − (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
3𝑥 2 + 𝑦
+ )
(𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 )(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) − (3𝑥 2 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)

SECTION 8
4. Gunakan fakta uang dinyatakan pada problem 2 untuk menentukan titik maksimum dan
minimum dari fungsi pada problem 3 hingga 6
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 10
 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
= 2𝑥 + 2 = −2𝑦 − 4
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

0 = 2𝑥 + 2 0 = −2𝑦 − 4
−2 = 2𝑥 4 = −2𝑦
−1 = 𝑥 −2 = 𝑦

Titik ekstrem fungsi tersebut adalah (-1,-2)

𝜕2 𝑓
=2
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕2 𝑓
= −2
𝜕𝑦 2

titik ekstrem minimum fungsi tersebut adalah (-1,-2) karena turunan tingkat
tinggi fungsi 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 10 lebih dari nol

SECTION 9
5. Tentukan titik 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 − 11 = 0 untuk 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 adalah minimum
Jawab :
 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 − 11 = 0
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 11 = −z
𝑧 = −2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11 (dirubah dalam bentuk z)
f = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
= 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + (−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11)2
𝑑𝑓
= 8𝑥 + 2(−2)(−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11) = 0
𝑑𝑥

8𝑥 + −4(−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11) = 0
8𝑥 + (8𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 44) = 0
16𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 44 = 0................................(1)
𝑑𝑓
= 2𝑦 + 2(−3)(−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11) = 0
𝑑𝑦

2𝑦 + −6(−2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 11) = 0
2𝑦 + (12𝑥 + 18𝑦 − 66) = 0
12𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 66...............................(2)
Persamaan (1) dan (2)
16𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 44 ->8𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 44│x6│
12𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 66 ->6𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 33 │x8│
 48𝑥 + 36𝑦 = 132
48𝑥 + 80𝑦 = 264 _
−44𝑦 = −132
𝑦=3
16𝑥 + 12𝑦 = 44
16𝑥 + 12.3 = 44
16𝑥 + 36 = 44
16𝑥 = 44 − 36
16𝑥 = 8
1
𝑥=
2

2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 11
1
2( ) + 32 + 𝑧 = 11
2
1 + 9 + 𝑧 = 11
10 + 𝑧 = 11
𝑧=1
Fmin = 4𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2
1
= 4(2)2 + 32 + 12
1
= 4. 4 + 9 + 1

= 1+ 9+ 11
= 11
Jadi 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 − 11 = 0 adalah minimum pada fmin = 11

7. Ulangi problem 6 jika bidang adalah 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑

Problem 6. ( A box has three of its faces in the coordinate planes and one vertex on the
planes and and one vertex on the plane 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6. Find the maximum volume
for the box ).

Jawab :

Jika sisi kotak di arah dari tiga sumbu koordinat memiliki panjang x, y dan z, maka
volume kotak adalah xyz.
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑

𝑑 − 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦
𝑧=
𝑐
If the volume is a maximum :

𝑓𝑥 = 𝑓𝑦 = 0

𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦𝑧

𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 − 𝑑

𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑉(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) + 𝜆𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)

𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝜆𝑎𝑥 + 𝜆𝑏𝑥 + 𝜆𝑐𝑧 − 𝜆𝑑

Taking the partial derivatives:

𝜕𝐹
= 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑎𝜆 = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 𝑥𝑧 + 𝑏𝜆 = 0
𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝐹
= 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝜆 = 0
𝜕𝑧

This gives me:

𝑦𝑧 = −𝑎𝜆𝑥𝑧 = −𝑏𝜆𝑥𝑦 = −𝑐𝜆

𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑑

First, I noticed that:

𝑐
𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦𝑧
𝑎
𝑎
𝑧= 𝑥
𝑐

Then, I noticed that:

𝑏
𝑥𝑧 = 𝑦𝑧
𝑎
 𝑎
𝑦= 𝑥
𝑏

Now, I plugged those to into the constraint function:

𝑎 𝑎
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 ( 𝑥) + 𝑐 ( 𝑥) = 𝑑
𝑏 𝑐

𝑑
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 =
3𝑎

Which gave me:

𝑑
𝑥=
3𝑎
𝑑
𝑦=
2𝑎𝑏
𝑑
𝑧=
2𝑎𝑐

the maximum volume for the box :

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
𝑉=( )( )( )
3𝑎 2𝑎𝑏 2𝑎𝑐

11. Tentukan jarak terdekat dari titk sasl ke garis dari perpotongan dua bidang 2𝑥 + 𝑦 −
𝑧 = 1 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.
Jawab:
𝐹 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 + 𝜆1 (2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 𝜆2 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧)
𝜕𝐹
= 2𝑥 + 2𝜆1 + 𝜆2 = 0 .....(1)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 2𝑦 + 𝜆1 − 𝜆2 = 0 .....(2)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹
= 2𝑧 − 𝜆1 + 𝜆2 = 0 .....(3)
𝜕𝑧

(1) – (2) + (3):

2𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 + 3𝜆2 = 0
 2(𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧) + 3𝜆2 = 0
4
2(2) + 3𝜆2 = 0 𝜆2 = − 3

2(1) + (2) – (3):

4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 + 6𝜆1 = 0
2(2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑧) + 6𝜆1 = 0
1
2(1) + 6𝜆1 = 0 𝜆1 = − 3

(1) 2𝑥 + 2𝜆1 + 𝜆2 = 0
2 4
2𝑥 + (− ) + (− ) = 0
3 3
6
2𝑥 − = 0
3
2𝑥 = 2
𝑥=1

(2) 2𝑦 + 𝜆1 − 𝜆2 = 0
1 4
2𝑦 + (− ) − (− ) = 0
3 3
3
2𝑦 + = 0
3
1
2𝑦 = −1 𝑦 = −2

(3) 2𝑧 − 𝜆1 + 𝜆2 = 0
1 4
2𝑧 − (− ) + (− ) = 0
3 3
3
2𝑧 − = 0
3
2𝑧 = 1
1
𝑧=
2
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2

1 2 1 2
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √12 + (− ) + ( )
2 2
 1 1
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √1 + +
4 4

3
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = √2 = 1,225

SECTION 11
𝜕2 𝑦 𝜕𝑦
7. (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝜕𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 𝜕𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0

𝜕 𝜕𝑦
Atau bisa ditulis 𝜕𝑥 [(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝜕𝑥 ] + 2𝑦 = 0

Bentuk diatas adalah kasus khusus dari apa yang disebut “terkait legendre persamaan
diferensial” sesuai dengan kasus m = 0. Persamaan diferensial legendre memiliki pion
singularreguler di -1, 1, dan infty

Jika variabel 𝑥 = cos 𝜃, maka persamaan diferensial legendre menjadi

𝜕 2 𝑦 cos 𝜃 𝜕𝑦
− + 2𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝜃 2 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝑥
Bab 5
SECTION 2
6. Tentukan integral dari

2 𝑦2 2
∫𝑦=1 ∫𝑥=√𝑦 𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦= ∫𝑦=1(𝑥)4𝑥=2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
2 1 2 𝑦
=∫𝑦=1 ( 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦
2 √𝑦

2 1 2 1
=∫𝑦=1 ( 𝑦 2 − (𝑦 2 )2 ) 𝑑𝑦
2 2

1 1 2
=( 𝑦 5 − 𝑦 2 )
10 4 1

25 1 1 1
=( − 22 )-( 15 − 12 )
10 4 10 4

32 1 1
=( − 1)-( − )
10 10 4

22 3 47
= + = =2,35
10 20 20

10. .∬𝐴 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝜋
𝑦=4 𝑥=𝜋 𝑦=2 𝑥=
= ∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ∫𝑥=0 𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ∫𝑥=02 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
1 4 𝜋 1 2
= 2 𝑦 2 ] 𝑥] − 2 𝑦 2 ] 𝑥] 2
0 0 0 0
1 1 𝜋
= (2 . 16 − 0) (𝜋 − 0) − (2 . 4 − 0) (2 − 0)

= 4𝜋 − 𝜋 = 3𝜋

17. ∬(𝑥⁄𝑦)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over the triangle with vertices (0,0); (1,1); (1,2)

y (0,0) ke (1,1) (0,0) ke (1,2)

𝑦−𝑦1 𝑥−𝑥1 𝑦−𝑦1 𝑥−𝑥1
(1,2)
=𝑥 =𝑥
𝑦2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑥1 𝑦2 −𝑦1 2 −𝑥1

𝑦−0 𝑥−0 𝑦−0 𝑥−0

= 1−0 = 1−0
1−0 2−0
(1,1)
𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
=1 =1
1 2

x
 𝑦=𝑥 𝑦 = 2𝑥

𝑥 = 12𝑦

2 1 2 1
∫ ∫ 𝑥
( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦 −1 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 𝑥=0 𝑦=0 𝑥=0

2
1 1
=∫ ( 𝑥 2 𝑦 −1 ) | 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 2 0

2
1
=∫ ( 12 𝑦 −1 − 0) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 2

2
1
=∫ ( 𝑦 −1 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 2

1 1
= 2 ln 𝑦|20 = 2 ln 2

21.Diatas segitiga dengan sumbu vertikal (0,0) , (0,1) , (2,0) dan dibawah parabola 𝑧 =
24 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
Jawab :
 Mencari titik perpotongan bola
𝑧 = 24 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 24 = 0
Apabila y=0 (titik potong sumbu x )
𝑥 2 + (0)2 − 24 = 0
𝑥 2 = 24
𝑥 = √24
= ±2√6
Titik potong sumbu y ( x=0 )
(0)2 + 𝑦 2 − 24 = 0
𝑦 2 = 24
𝑦 = √24
𝑦 = ±2√6
Sehingga diperoleh gambar seperti di bawah ini :
 1
Volume 4 lingkaran
𝑥=2√6 𝑦=2√6
V = ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 24 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

𝑥=2√6 1 2√6
= ∫𝑥=0 [24𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 3 𝑦 3 ] 𝑑𝑥
0
𝑥=2√6 1 3
=∫𝑥=0 (24(2√6 ) − 𝑥 2 (2√6) − (2√6) − 0)𝑑𝑥
3
𝑥=2√6 48√6
= ∫𝑥=0 (48√6 − 2√6𝑥 2 − 3
) 𝑑𝑥
2√6
2 48√6
= [48√6 𝑥 − √6𝑥 3 − 𝑥]
3 3 0
2 3 48√6
=[(48√6 (2√6) − 3 √6(2√6) − 3
(2√6)) − 0]

=576 − 192 − 192

= 192

Volume segitiga
 Mencari titik perpotongan pada sumbu y
𝑦 − 𝑦1 𝑥 − 𝑥1
=
𝑦2−𝑦1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑦−0 𝑥−0
=
1−0 2−0
𝑥
𝑦=
2
 𝑥
𝑥=2 𝑦=
V = ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=02 24 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑥=2 1 2
= ∫𝑥=0 [24𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑦 3 ] 𝑑𝑥
3 0
𝑥=2 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 3
= ∫𝑥=0 (24 (2) − 𝑥2 2 − ( ) ) 𝑑𝑥
3 2
𝑥=2 𝑥3 𝑥3
=∫𝑥=0 (12𝑥 − 2 − 24 ) 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑥4 2
= [6𝑥 2 − 8 𝑥 4 − 96 ]
0
1 1
=[(6. (2)2 − 8 (2)4 − 96 (2)4 ) − 0]
16 16
= 24 − − 96
8

= 21,8

1
Volume total = volume 4 lingkaran- volume segitiga

= 192 − 21,8
= 213,8

2 2𝑥 1/𝑧
40. Evaluate the triple integrals: ∫𝑥=1 ∫𝑧=𝑥 ∫𝑦=0 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥.
Jawab:
1
2 2𝑥 2 2𝑥
𝑧 1⁄
𝑧
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑧 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ∫ (𝑧𝑦)𝑦=0 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1 𝑧=𝑥 𝑦=0 𝑥=1 𝑧=𝑥
2 2𝑥
1
=∫ ∫ 𝑧 ( − 0) 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1 𝑧=𝑥 𝑧
2 2𝑥
=∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1 𝑧=𝑥
2
= ∫ (𝑧)2𝑥
𝑧=𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1
2
= ∫ (2𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1
2
= ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=1

1 2 2
=( 𝑥 )
2 𝑥=1
 1 2
= (2 − 12 )
2
1
= (4 − 1)
2
𝟑
=
𝟐

SECTION 3
2. diketahui: panjang batang tipis L dan rapat muatan 𝜌

Ditanya : a) M

b) 𝐼𝑐𝑚 & 𝐼𝐼𝐼

Jawab:

a)

M= ∭ 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

M=∫ 𝜌 𝑑𝑥
𝐿
M= ∫𝑥=0 𝜌𝑑𝑥
𝐿
M=𝜌 ∫𝑥=0 𝑑𝑥

M=𝜌(𝑥)𝐿0

M=𝜌(𝐿 − 0)

M=𝜌𝐿

b) 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀𝐿2
𝐼𝑃 = ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑚
𝑑𝑚 = 𝜆𝑑𝑥
𝐿
𝐼𝑃 = ∫0 𝑦 2 𝜆𝑑𝑥
 1 𝐿
𝐼𝑃 = ( 𝑥 3 ) 𝜆
3 0
1
𝐼𝑃 = ( (𝐿3 − 0)) 𝜆
3
1
𝐼𝑝 = 𝜆𝐿3
3
1
𝐼𝑝 = 𝑀𝐿2
3
𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀𝐿2

1
dimana L= L
2
𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑎 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀𝐿2
1 1 2
2
𝑀𝐿 =𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀 ( 𝐿)
3 2
1 1
𝐼𝑚 = 𝑀𝐿2 +M 𝑀𝐿2
3 4
1 2
𝐼𝑚 = 𝑀𝐿
12
c)

𝐼𝑃 = ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑚

𝑑𝑚 = 𝜆𝑑𝑥
𝐿
𝐼𝑃 = ∫0 𝑦 2 𝜆𝑑𝑥

1 𝐿
𝐼𝑃 = ( 𝑥 3 ) 𝜆
3 0

1
𝐼𝑃 = ( (𝐿3 − 0)) 𝜆
3

1
𝐼𝑃 = 𝜆𝐿3
3

1
M=𝜆𝐿 Maka 𝐼𝑝 = 𝑀𝐿2
3
4. A thin rod 10 ft long has a density with varies uniformly from 4 to 1
a. 𝑑𝑀 = 𝑑𝜆 . 𝐿
2
𝑀 = ∫ 𝑑𝜆. 𝐿
𝜆=1
2
𝑀 = 𝐿 ∫ 𝑑𝜆
𝜆=1
2
𝑀 = 𝐿(𝜆)
1
𝑀 = 𝐿 (2 − 1)
𝑀=𝐿

∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑀
b. 𝑋̅ = 𝑑𝑀
∫
𝐿 2
∫0 𝑥 𝐿 ∫1 𝑑𝜆
𝑋̅ = 2
𝐿 ∫1 𝑑𝜆
𝐿 2
∫0 𝐿2 ∫1 𝑑𝜆
𝑋̅ = 2
𝐿 ∫1 𝑑𝜆

1 𝐿 2
[3 𝐿3 ] [𝜆]
𝑋̅ = 0 1
2
𝐿 [𝜆]
1

1
(3 𝐿3 − 0) (2 − 1)
𝑋̅ =
𝐿 (2 − 1)
1 3
𝐿
𝑋̅ = 3
𝐿
1 2
𝑋̅ = 𝐿
3

c. Im = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑀
1
1 2
2
𝐿
Im = ∫ ( 𝐿) 𝐿
0 2
1
𝐿
2 1
Im = ∫ 𝐿3
0 4
1 4 1𝐿
Im = 𝐿 ]2
16
0
1 1 4
Im = ( 𝐿) − 0
16 2
 1 1 4
Im = 𝐿
16 16
1 4
Im = 𝐿
256
d. Im = ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑀
𝐿
Im = ∫ (𝐿)2 𝐿
0
𝐿
Im = ∫ 𝐿3
0
1 𝐿
Im = [ 𝐿4 ]
4 0
1
Im = 𝐿4 − 0
4
1
Im = 𝐿4
4

7. A rectangular lamina has vertices (0, 0), (0, 2), (3, 2)and density xy. Find

(a) M,

(b) 𝑥̅ , 𝑦̅,

(c) 𝐼𝑥 ,

(d) 𝐼𝑚 about an axis parallel to the z axis. Hint: Use the parallel and perpendicular axis
theorems.

Jawab :
3 2
(a) M = ∬ 𝑑𝑚 = ∫𝑥=0 ∫𝑦=0 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
3 2
= ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦

3 1 2
= ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (2 𝑦 2 ) ]
0
3 4
= ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ( 2 )
3 4
= ∫𝑥=0 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
41 3
= 2 2 𝑥2]
0
2
= (3 ) – 0
=9
∬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
(b) 𝑥̅ = =
∫ 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 2 3
∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 2 3
∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑦=𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

2 1 3
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 [3𝑥 3 ]
0
= 2 1
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 [2𝑥 2 ]30

2 27
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ( 3 − 0)
=
2 9
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 (2 − 0)
271 2 2
[ 𝑦 ]
32 0
= 91 2 2
[ 𝑦 ]
22 0
27 1
4
3 2
= 91
4
24

27 2
= x9
3

=2

∬ 𝑦 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦̅ = =
∫ 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

2 3
∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0 𝑦 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
= 2 3
∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑦=𝑥 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

2 3
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 2 3
∫𝑦=0 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 1
[3 𝑦 3 ]20 [2 𝑥 2 ]30
=
1 1
[2 𝑦 2 ]20 [2 𝑥 2 ]30

1 1
(3 8) (2 9)
=
1 1
(2 4) (2 9)

8
3
= 4
2

8 2 4
=3x4=3

2 3
(c) 𝐼𝑥 = ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 3
= ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0 𝑦 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
 2 3
= ∫𝑦=0 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1 1
= [4 𝑦 4 ]20 [2 𝑥 2 ]30
1 1
= 4 24 2 32
16 9
= 4 2

=2x9
=2xM
= 2M
2 3
𝐼𝑦 = ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 3
= ∫ ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 𝑥=0
2 3
= ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑦=0 𝑥=0
1
= [2𝑦 2 ]20 [4 𝑥 4 ]30
1 21 4
= 2 3
2 4
4 81
= 2 4

9
= 9
2
9
= 𝑀
2

2 3
𝐼𝑧 = ∫𝑦=0 ∫𝑥=0(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

= 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦
9
= 2M + 2 𝑀

4+9
= M
2

13
= M
2

(d) 𝐼 = 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀𝑑 2

13 4
𝑀= 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀(2 + 3)2
2

13 6+4 2
𝑀= 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀( )
2 3
 13 10
𝑀= 𝐼𝑚 + 𝑀( 3 )2
2

13 100
𝑀= 𝐼𝑚 + M
2 9

13 100
𝐼𝑚 = 𝑀- 𝑀
2 9

117−200
= 18

= 83

SECTION 4
1. Given a circle of radius a, find by integration using polar coordinates:
a) Its area;
b) the centroid of one quadrant;
c) the moment of inertia of a circular lamina about a diameter;
d) its circumference;
e) the centroid of a quarter circle arc.
Answer:
a.
2𝜋 𝑎
𝐴 = ∫0 ∫0 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃
2𝜋 1
𝐴 = ∫0 [𝜌2 ]𝑎0 𝑑𝜃
2
2𝜋
𝜌𝑑𝜃 1 2
𝑑𝜌 𝐴=∫ 𝑎 𝑑𝜃
2
0
𝜌
𝑑𝜃 1 2 2𝜋
𝐴= 𝑎 [𝜃]0
2
1
𝐴 = 𝑎2 2𝜋
2
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑎2
𝜋
𝑎
∬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝜌 cos ∅ 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃 ∫02 ∫0 𝜌2 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃
b. 𝑥̅ = = = 𝜋
∬ 𝑑𝑚 𝑚 𝑎
∫02 ∫0 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃

2𝜋 1 2𝜋 1 𝑎3 𝑎3 𝜋 𝑎3
∫0 3 [𝜌3 ]𝑎0 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫0 3 𝑎3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 3
[sin 𝜃]2𝜋
0 3 sin 2 3 = 4𝑎
= = = = =
𝜋/2 1
[𝜌 2 ] 𝑎 1 2 𝜋/2
[𝜃]
1 2𝜋 1 2 𝑎2 𝜋 3𝜋
∫0 2 0 𝑑𝜃 2𝑎 0 2𝑎 2 4𝑎 𝜋 4
4𝑎 4𝑎
Jadi pusat massanya (3𝜋 ; )
3𝜋
 c. 𝐼𝑥 = ∬ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑚 = ∬ 𝜌2 sin2 𝜃 𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃 𝜎(𝜌, 𝜃)𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃 = ∬ 𝜌3 sin2 𝜃 𝑐 𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃
𝜋
2 𝑎 𝜋/2 𝜋/2
1 1
= 𝑐 ∫ ∫ 𝜌3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃 = 𝑐 ∫ [𝜌4 ]𝑎0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑐 ∫ 𝑎4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
4 4
0 0 0 0
𝜋/2
1 4 1 cos 2𝜃 𝑐𝑎4 1 sin 2𝜋 𝜋/2
=𝑐∫ 𝑎 − 𝑑𝜃 = [ 𝜃− ]
4 2 2 4 2 4 0
0

𝑐𝑎4 𝜋 sin π 𝑐𝑎4

= [( − ) − (0 − sin 0)] = [𝜋 − sin 𝜋]
4 4 4 16
𝑐𝑎4 𝑐𝜋𝑎4
= [𝜋 − 0] =
16 16
𝜋
𝑎
∬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑚 ∬ 𝜌 cos ∅ 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃 ∫02 ∫0 𝜌2 cos 𝜃𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃
d. 𝑥̅ = = = 𝜋
∬ 𝑑𝑚 𝑚 𝑎
∫02 ∫0 𝜌𝑑𝜌𝑑𝜃

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1 1 𝑎3 𝑎3 𝜋 𝑎3
∫02 3 [𝜌3 ]𝑎0 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 ∫02 3 𝑎3 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 [sin 𝜃]02 sin 2 = 3 = 4𝑎
= 𝜋 = 𝜋 = 3 1 𝜋 = 31
1 1 2 2 𝑎2 𝑎2 𝜋 𝑎2 𝜋 3𝜋
∫02 2 [𝜌2 ]𝑎0 𝑑𝜃 𝑎 [𝜃]0 2 2 4 4
2
4𝑎 4𝑎
Jadi pusat massanya ( ; )
3𝜋 3𝜋

4. Sebuah bola dengan radius a

a. Volume

∭ 𝑑𝑉 = ∭ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧 = ∭ 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑∅
𝑉
2𝜋 𝜋 𝑎
V = ∫0 ∫0 ∫0 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑∅
𝑎 𝜋 2𝜋
= (∫0 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟)(∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃) (∫0 1𝑑∅)
1 𝑎
= [3 𝑟 3 ] [−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃]𝜋0 [∅]2𝜋
0
0
𝑎3
= (1 + 1)(2𝜋)
3
2𝑎3 4
= (2𝜋) = 3 𝜋𝑎3
3

b. Luas permukaan bola

𝑑𝐴 = 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝜌𝑑∅
 2𝜋 𝜋
A= ∫∅=0 ∫𝜃=0 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃𝑑 ∅
2𝜋
= r2∫∅=0(−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)𝜋0 𝑑∅
= 2 2𝜋
r ∫∅=0(1 + 1) 𝑑∅

r [2∅]2𝜋
= 2
0

= 4𝜋𝑟 2