TUGAS FISIKA MATEMATIKA 2

Mengerjakan Soal Bab 4 ( TURUNAN PARSIAL )

Dosen Pengampu : Drs. Pujayanto, M.Si

Oleh :

Nama : Wanda Galuh Saputri Rahayu

NIM : K2315062

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN FISIKA

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
2016
 SECTION 1

4. Diket : 𝜔 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 6

𝜕2 𝜔
Ditanya : a). 𝜕𝑥 2

∂2 ω ∂ω ∂ω
b). ∂y2 pada titik dimana ∂x
= ∂y
=0

Jawab :

𝜕2 𝜔 𝜕 𝜕𝜔
a). 𝜕𝑥 2
= 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥

𝜕𝜔
= 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥

3𝑥 2
3𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 ↔ 𝑦 =
2
𝜕 𝜕𝜔
= 6𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
∂2 ω 𝜕 𝜕𝜔
b). =
∂y2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝜔
= −3𝑦 2 − 2𝑥
𝜕𝑦

−3𝑦 2 = 2𝑥

3𝑥 2 2
−3 ( ) = 2𝑥
2

𝑥4
−27 = 2𝑥
4

−27𝑥 3 = 8

8
𝑥3 =
−27

2 2
2 −3 4 2
𝑥 = − , 𝑦 = 3 ( 3) = + =
3 2 2 9 3
4. Diket :

∂2 ω
13. Diket : 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦22 , 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
= −6 . 𝑦 = −6 . = −4
∂y 2 3
13. Diket𝜕𝑧 : 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 , 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 , 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
Dit : (𝜕𝜃) = ⋯ ?
𝑥 𝜕𝑧
Ditanya : (𝜕𝜃)
𝑥

Jawab :

𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2

𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2(𝑟 sin 𝜃)2

𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

𝑥2
𝑧 = 𝑥2 + 2 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝜕𝑧
( ) = 0 + 2𝑥 2 . 2 tan 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 4 𝑥 2 tan 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝜕𝜃 𝑥

𝑢 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 tan 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 tan 𝜃 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 tan 𝜃 = 2 tan 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑝 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑝

19. Diket : 𝑧 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 , 𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃,

𝜕2 𝑧
Ditanya : turunan parsial dari 𝜕𝑟𝜕𝑦

Jawab :

𝜕2𝑧 𝜕 𝜕𝑧 𝜕 𝜕((𝑟 cos 𝜃)2 + 2𝑦 2 )

= ( )= ( )
𝜕𝑟𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦

𝑦 2
2
𝜕 𝜕 (sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) + 2𝑦
= ( )
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃
𝜕 (( 2 𝑦 2 ) + 2𝑦 2 )
𝜕 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
=
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑦
( )

𝜕(2𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 4𝑦)

=
𝜕𝑟

=0

SECTION 2
 SECTION 2

5. Temukan 2 variabel deret pangkat Maclaurin dari fungsi √1 + 𝑥𝑦

Jawab :

𝑝(𝑝 − 1) 2 𝑝(𝑝 − 1)(𝑝 − 2) 3

(1 + 𝑥)𝑝 = 1 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 +⋯
2! 3!
1 1 1 1 1
1 𝑥𝑦 2 (2 − 1) 2 2 (2 − 1)(2 − 2)
(1 + 𝑥𝑦)2 =1+ + (𝑥𝑦) + (𝑥𝑦)3 + ⋯
2 2! 3!

𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑥 3 𝑦 3
=1+ − + +⋯
2 8 16

SECTION 4

4π2 l kl
6. Diket :g= T2
= T2 , kesalahan relatif l = 5% = 0,05 T = 2% = 0,02

Ditanya : Kesalahan relative g

Jawab :

4π2 l kl
Dari g = =
T2 T2

Sehingga In g = In k + In l − In T 2

dg dl dT
= −2
g l t

dg dl dT
| | = | |+ 2| |
g l T

= 0,05 + 2(0,02) = 0,09 = 9%

Jadi kesalahan relative g sebesar 9 % atau 0,09

10. Penyelesaian :

1 𝑛𝑡 0,50
Kesalahan Relatif = (500 𝑛𝑡 + 600 ) 𝑥 100%
 1 5
=( + ) 𝑥 100%
500 600
6 + 25 31
=( ) 𝑥 100% = % = 1,033 %
3000 30

Besar kesalahan relatif = 1,033 % x 500 nt = 5,15 nt

SECTION 6

6. Diket : Persamaan kurva 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦𝑥 3 = 6

𝑑2 𝑦
Ditanya : 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 (1,2)

Jawab :

 Turunan pertama dari 𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦𝑥 3 = 6

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 3 − 𝑥. 3𝑦 2 − 𝑥3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 + (3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 ) =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 ) = −𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦
=
𝑑𝑥 (3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 3 )

𝒅𝒚 (−2)3 + 3. 12 . 2 −8 + 6 −𝟐
= = =
𝒅𝒙 3.1. 22 − 1 11 𝟏𝟏
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 Turunan pertama dari 𝑦 3 − 𝑥. 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦

𝑑𝑦
Turunan dari 𝑦 3 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
Turunan dari 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = {(3𝑦 2 + 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥
) (𝑑𝑥 )} + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥2 = 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
+ 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
Turunan dari −𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = −3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦
Turunan dari −3𝑥 2 𝑦 = −6𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + 6𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
+ 3𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥2 − 6𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0

−2 −2 −2 −2 𝑑2 𝑦 −2 𝑑2 𝑦 −2
3. 22 . + 3. 22 . + 6.1.2. . + 3. 22 . 1. 2 − 3. 12 . − 13 2 − 6.1.2 − 3. 12 . =0
11 11 11 11 𝑑𝑥 11 𝑑𝑥 11

−24 −24 48 𝑑2 𝑦 6 𝑑2 𝑦 6
− + + 12. 2 + − 2 − 12 + =0
11 11 11.11 𝑑𝑥 11 𝑑𝑥 11

−36 48 𝑑2 𝑦
+ + 11 2 − 12 = 0
11 11.11 𝑑𝑥

−36 48 𝑑2 𝑦
+ − 12 = −11 2
11 11.11 𝑑𝑥

−396 + 48 − 1452 𝑑2 𝑦
= −11 2
11.11 𝑑𝑥

−1848 + 48 𝑑2 𝑦
= 2
11.11. −11 𝑑𝑥

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
=
𝒅𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟑

10. Diket : Kurva 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 0

Ditanya : Persamaan garisnya dengan mensubstitusikan x = y = 0

Jawab :

𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = 0

dy 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥
Diturunkan terhadap ↔ 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 =0
dx 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + (𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) = −𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑒 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑥 )

−𝑒 0 − 0. 𝑒 0
=
0.0. 𝑒 0 + 𝑒 0

𝑑𝑦 −𝑒 0
= 0 = −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑒
𝑑𝑦
𝑚= = −1
𝑑𝑥

Sehingga y = mx + c

𝑦 = −𝑥 + 𝑐

0 = −0 + 𝑐 ↔ 𝑐 = 0

y = mx + c = −1. x + 0

𝑦 = −𝑥 ↔ 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0

Jadi persamaan garisnya adalah 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 0

SECTION 7

2 −𝑠 2
4. Diket :𝜔 = 𝑒 −𝑟 , 𝑟 = 𝑢𝑣, 𝑠 = 𝑢 + 2𝑣
𝜕𝜔
Ditanya : a).
𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝜔
b).
𝜕𝑣

Jawab :
𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟 𝑑𝑟−2𝑠 𝑑𝑠) 𝑤
a) =
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟 (𝜕𝑢 𝑣+𝑢 𝜕𝑣 )−2𝑠 (𝜕𝑢+2 𝜕𝑣)) 𝑤

=
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟𝑣 𝜕𝑢−2𝑟𝑢 𝜕𝑣 −2𝑠 𝜕𝑢−2 𝑠 𝜕𝑣) 𝑤

=
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟𝑣 𝜕𝑢−2𝑠 𝜕𝑢) 𝑤

=
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
 𝜕𝑤
= (−2𝑟𝑣 − 2𝑠)𝑤
𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝑤
= −2(𝑟𝑣 + 𝑠)𝑤
𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟 𝑑𝑟−2𝑠 𝑑𝑠) 𝑤
b). =
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟 (𝜕𝑢 𝑣+𝑢 𝜕𝑣 )−2𝑠 (𝜕𝑢+2 𝜕𝑣)) 𝑤

=
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟𝑣 𝜕𝑢−2𝑟𝑢 𝜕𝑣 −2𝑠 𝜕𝑢−4 𝑠 𝜕𝑣) 𝑤
=
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑤 (−2𝑟𝑢 𝜕𝑣 −4 𝑠 𝜕𝑣) 𝑤
=
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑤
= (−2𝑟𝑢 − 4𝑠)𝑤
𝜕𝑣

𝜕𝑤
= −2(𝑟𝑢 + 2𝑠)𝑤
𝜕𝑣

8. Diket : xs2 + yt2 = 1, x2s + yt = xy – 4

𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
Ditanya : 𝜕𝑠 , 𝜕𝑡 , 𝜕𝑠 , 𝜕𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑠, 𝑡) = (1, −3,2, −1)

Jawab :
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑠

I. dx s2 + x2s ds + dy t2 + y2t dt = 0
s2 dx + t2 dy = - 2yt dt – 2sx ds

II. 2xs dx – y dx + 2ty dy – x dy = - y2 dt – x2 ds

−2𝑦𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑡2
| 2 2 |
−𝑦 𝑑𝑡− 𝑥 𝑑𝑠 (2𝑦𝑡−𝑥)
dx = 𝑠2 𝑡2
| |
2𝑥𝑠−𝑦 (2𝑦𝑡−𝑥)

−4𝑦 2 𝑡 2 dt – 2yx dt – 4sxy ds + 2s𝑥 2 ds –(t𝑦 2 𝑡 2 dt – 𝑡 2 𝑥 2 ds)

dx =
2𝑦𝑡𝑠 2 −𝑥𝑠 2 −(2𝑥𝑠𝑡 2 −𝑦𝑡 2 )

(−4𝑦 2 𝑡 2 – 2yx+ t𝑦 2 𝑡 2 )dt+(−4sxy + 2s𝑥 2 + 𝑡 2 𝑥 2 ) ds

=
2𝑦𝑡𝑠 2 −𝑥𝑠 2 −2𝑥𝑠𝑡 2 +𝑦𝑡 2
 𝜕𝑥 –4sxy + 2s𝑥 2 + 𝑡 2 𝑥 2
= => (x,y,s,t) = (1,-3,2,-1)
𝜕𝑠 2𝑦𝑡𝑠2 −𝑥𝑠2 −2𝑥𝑠𝑡 2 +𝑦𝑡 2

−4 6+2 2+1
=
2 12−4−2 2+(−3)

𝜕𝑥 19
= − 13
𝜕𝑠

𝜕𝑥 (−4𝑦 2 𝑡 2 – 2yx+ t𝑦 2 𝑡 2 )
= 2𝑦𝑡𝑠2 −𝑥𝑠2 −2𝑥𝑠𝑡 2 +𝑦𝑡 2
𝜕𝑡

−4 9+2 3+9
= 2 3 4−4−2 2+(−3)

21
= − 13

𝑠2 −2𝑦𝑡𝑑𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑠
| |
2𝑥𝑠 − 𝑦 −𝑦 2 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑠
𝜕𝑦 =
13
(−𝑠2 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑡−𝑠2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑠)−(−4𝑦𝑡𝑥𝑠𝑑𝑡−4𝑥 2 𝑠2 𝑑𝑠+2𝑦 2 𝑑𝑡+2𝑠𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑠)
= 13

−𝑠2 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑡−𝑠2 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑠+4𝑦𝑡𝑥𝑠𝑑𝑡+4𝑥 2 𝑠2 𝑑𝑠+2𝑦 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡−2𝑠𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑠

𝜕𝑦 =
13

(−𝑠2 𝑦 2 +4𝑦𝑡𝑥𝑠+2𝑦 2 𝑡)𝑑𝑡+(−𝑠2 𝑥 2 +4𝑥 2 𝑠2 −2𝑠𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑠

=
13

𝜕𝑦 −𝑠2 𝑥 2 +4𝑥 2 𝑠2 −2𝑠𝑥𝑦

=
𝜕𝑠 13

−4+(4)(4)−2(−6)
= 13

−4+16+12
=
13

24
= 13

15. Diket : 𝑥 2 𝑢 − 𝑦 2 𝑣 = 1, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
Ditanya : ( ) , ( ) = …?
𝜕𝑢 𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝑦

Jawab :

 𝑥2𝑢 − 𝑦2𝑣 = 1
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0
2𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 = −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 ….(1)
 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣 …..(2)
 𝑙𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑛 (1)𝑑𝑎𝑛 (2)
−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 −2𝑦𝑣
𝑑𝑥 = | 𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣 1 | = −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢+𝑦2 𝑑𝑣+2𝑦𝑣𝑢𝑑𝑣+2𝑦𝑣 2 𝑑𝑢= 𝑑𝑢(−𝑥2 +2𝑦𝑣 2 )+𝑑𝑣(𝑦2 +2𝑦𝑣𝑢)
2𝑥𝑢 −2𝑦𝑣 2𝑥𝑢+2𝑦𝑣 2𝑥𝑢+2𝑦𝑣
1 1
𝝏𝒙 −𝒙𝟐 +𝟐𝒚𝒗𝟐
(𝝏𝒖) =
𝒗 𝟐𝒙𝒖+𝟐𝒚𝒗

 𝑥2𝑢 − 𝑦2𝑣 = 1
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 = 0
2𝑥𝑢𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑣 = −𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦….(1)
 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣
𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢𝑑𝑣 = 𝑣𝑑𝑢 − 𝑑𝑦 …..(2)
𝑙𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑛 (1)𝑑𝑎𝑛 (2)
−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢 + 2𝑦𝑣𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 = | 𝑣𝑑𝑢 − 𝑑𝑦 −𝑢 |=𝑢𝑥 2 𝑑𝑢−2𝑦𝑢𝑣𝑑𝑦+𝑣𝑦2 𝑑𝑢+𝑦2 𝑑𝑦 =𝑑𝑢(𝑢𝑥2 +𝑣𝑦2 )+𝑑𝑦(−2𝑦𝑢𝑣+𝑦2 )
2𝑥𝑢 −𝑦 2 −2𝑥𝑢2 +𝑦2 −2𝑥𝑢2 +𝑦 2
1 −𝑢

𝝏𝒙 (𝒖𝒙𝟐 +𝒗𝒚𝟐 )
(𝝏𝒖) = −𝟐𝒙𝒖𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
𝒚
SECTION 8

SECTION 8

4. Tentukan titik maximum dan minimum dari fungsi 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 10

Jawab :

 𝑓(𝑥) = 0
2𝑥 − 0 + 2 − 0 + 0 = 0
2𝑥 = −2 ↔ 𝑥 = −1
 𝑓(𝑦) = 0
−2𝑦 − 4 = 0
−2𝑦 = 4 ↔ 𝑦 = −2

Nilai ekstrim pada titik (-1,-2)

𝑓𝑥𝑥 = 2 > 0

𝑓𝑦𝑦 = −2 < 0 Tidak punya nilai f max dan f min karena syaratnya tidak terpenuhi

𝑓𝑥𝑦 = 0
9. Misal : panjang balok = ω, lebar balok = l, dan tinggi balok = h

𝑣=𝜔𝑙ℎ
𝑣
ℎ = 𝜔 𝑙 … (1)

𝐴 = 𝜔𝑙 + 2𝜔ℎ + 2𝑙ℎ

𝑣 𝑣 2𝑣 2𝑣 2𝑣
= 𝜔𝑙 + 2𝜔 + 2𝑙 = 𝜔𝑙 + + == 𝜔𝑙 + + 2𝑣𝜔−1
𝜔𝑙 𝜔𝑙 𝑙 𝜔 𝑙
𝑑𝐴 2𝑣 2𝑣 2𝑣
=𝑙− =𝑙− ↔𝑙= … (2) ↔ 2𝑣 = 𝜔2 𝑙 … (3)
𝑑𝜔 𝜔𝜔 𝜔2 𝜔2

𝑑𝐴 2𝑣 2𝑣
𝑑𝑙
=𝜔− 𝑙2
↔𝜔= 𝑙2
↔ 2𝑣 = 𝑙 2 𝜔 … (4)

(3) = (4)

l𝑤 2 = w𝑙 2
w = l …(5)

lihat (1) dan (2)

𝑉 𝑉
= 2𝑤2
𝑤ℎ

w = 2h

jadi, l = w = 2h

SECTION 9

2. Jawab:

𝑙=𝑙

2𝑣 2𝑣
=
𝜔 2 𝜔ℎ

𝜔. ℎ. 2𝑣 = 𝑣𝜔2

𝑣𝜔2
ℎ=
2𝑣𝜔

Karena 𝑙 = 𝜔 𝑗𝑎𝑑𝑖 𝑙 = 2ℎ

2𝑙𝑉
𝑣 = 𝜔. 𝑙. ℎ , ℎ =
𝜔
𝐴 = 𝜔𝑙 + 2𝜔ℎ + 2𝑙ℎ

2𝑣 2𝑣 2𝑣 2𝑣
= 𝜔𝑙 + + 2𝑙 = 𝜔𝑙 + +
𝜔𝑙 𝜔𝑙 𝑙 𝜔

6. Diket : ∅ = 2x + 3y + 4z = 6

Ditanya : Volum maximum .. ?

Jawab :

∅ = 2x + 3y + 4z = 6
𝑓 = 8xyz
𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑓 +⋋ ∅ = 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 +⋋ (2x + 3y + 4y)
𝜕𝐹
= 8𝑦𝑧 +⋋ .2 = 0
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐹
= 8𝑥𝑧 +⋋ .3 = 0
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐹
= 8𝑥𝑦 +⋋ .4 = 0
𝜕𝑧
3.8𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 3 ⋋ (2x + 3y + 4y) = 0
24𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 13 ⋋= 0
24
⋋= − 𝑥𝑦𝑧
13
24 1
8𝑦𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧. 2 = 0, 𝑥 =
13 2
24 13
8𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧. 3 = 0 , 𝑦 =
13 9
24 13
8𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧. 4 = 0, 𝑧 =
13 12
1 13 13 109
8𝑥𝑦𝑧 = + + =
2 9 12 36
109
Jadi volume box maximum adalah
36

8. A point moves in the (x, y) plane on the line 2x+3y-4=0. Where will it be when the sum of the squares of its
distances from (1, 0) and (-1, 0) is smallest?
Penyelesaian :

Minimize (x-1)^2 + y^2 + (x+1)^2 + y^2 subject to 2x+3y-4=0.

f(x,y) = (x-1)^2 + y^2 + (x+1)^2 + y^2 + λ (2x+3y-4)

f(x,y) = (x-1)^2 + (x+1)^2 + 2 y^2 + λ (2x+3y-4)

∂f/∂x = 2(x-1)+2(x+1)+2 λ = 0
4x+ 2 λ = 0
λ= -2x

∂f/∂y = 4y+ 3 λ = 0
λ= (-4/3) y
-2x = (-4/3) y
x = (2/3) y
y = (3/2) x

2x+3y-4 =0
2x+ 3(3/2)x - 4 = 0
2x+(9/2) x - 4 = 0
x=8/13
y = (3/2)(8/13) = 12/13

(x,y) = (8/13, 12/13)

It will be at (8/13, 12/13) when the sum of the squares of its distances from (1, 0) and (-1, 0) is smallest.

SECTION 11

6. Reduce the equation

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 ( 2 ) + 2𝑥 ( ) − 5𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
To a differensial equation with constant coefficients in 𝑑𝑥 2
, 𝑑𝑧
and y by the change of variabel 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑧

Jawab :

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥2 ( )+ 2𝑥 ( ) − 5𝑦 = 0 sebenarnya adalah 𝑎2 𝑥 2 ( )+ 𝑎1 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑎0 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥

merupakan persamaan Euler atau Cauchy dengan

𝑎2 = 1 ,

𝑎1 = 2 ,

𝑎0 = −5 ,

𝑥 = 𝑒𝑧 ,

Lalu kita punya :

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑧
dan 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 = 𝑑𝑧2 − 𝑑𝑧

Maka :

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎2 ( 2 ) + (𝑎1 − 𝑎2 ) + 𝑎0 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑒 𝑧 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧
 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1 ( 2 ) + (2 − 1) + (−5)𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑒 𝑧 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
( 2 )+ − 5𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑒 𝑧 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑧

11.
 SECTION 13

5. Diket : = 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙 = 𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 , 𝒚 = 𝒓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

𝜕𝑧
Ditanya : a). ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝑟

𝜕𝑧
b). (𝜕𝜃)
𝑥

𝜕2 𝑧
c). ( )
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝜃

Jawab :

a). 𝑧 = 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2
= 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2

= 𝑟 2 − 3𝑥 2

𝜕𝑧
( ) = −6𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝑟

𝑏). 𝑧 = 𝑦2 − 2𝑥2
= 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 2𝑥 2
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= − 2𝑥 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝜃
= 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 2𝑥 2
2

𝜕𝑧
(𝜕𝜃) = 2𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝑥

𝜕2 𝑧 𝜕 𝜕𝑧
c.) (𝜕𝑥𝜕𝜃) = 𝜕𝑥 (𝜕𝜃) = 4𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃

2𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 3 = 3𝑡 2
9. Diket : z = xy dan {
3𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 = 6𝑡
𝑑𝑧
Ditanya : 𝑑𝑡
Jawab :

2
3 + 3𝑦 2 = 6𝑡

𝑥 2 = 2𝑡 − 𝑦 2

𝑦 2 = 2𝑡 − 𝑥 2

2𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 3 = 3𝑡 2

2𝑥 2 . 𝑥 + 2𝑦 3 = 3𝑡 2

2(2𝑡 − 𝑦 2 )x + 2𝑦 3 = 3𝑡 2

𝟑𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒚𝟑
𝒙=
𝟒𝒕 − 𝟐𝒚𝟐

2𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 3 = 3𝑡 2

2𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 2 𝑦 = 3𝑡 2

2𝑥 3 + 2(2𝑡 − 𝑥 2 ). 𝑦 = 3𝑡 2

𝟑𝒕𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟑
𝒚=
𝟒𝒕 − 𝟐𝒙𝟐

Maka z = xy

3𝑡 2 − 2𝑦 3 3𝑡 2 − 2𝑥 3
𝑧= .
4𝑡 − 2𝑦 2 4𝑡 − 2𝑥 2

9𝑡 4 − 6𝑥 3 𝑡 − 6𝑦 3 𝑡 + 4𝑥 3 𝑦 3
=
16𝑡 2 − 6𝑥 2 𝑡 − 6𝑦 2 𝑡 + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 2

𝑑𝑧 36𝑡 3 − 6𝑥 3 − 6𝑦 3
=
𝑑𝑡 32𝑡 − 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑦 2