Nama : Wahyu Angga Ramadhan Harahap

NIM : 06171078

Matematika Rekayasa Tugas ke-3

Soal Gradien Problem Set 9.7

1. 𝑓 = (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑦 − 1)

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑦 − 1) = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1) 𝜕(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1) 𝜕(2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 1)

= ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= (2𝑦 − 1)𝑖 + (2𝑥 + 2)𝑗 + (0)𝑘

Kurva 𝛁𝒇

𝑓 = (𝑥 + 1)(2𝑦 − 1) = 𝑐
𝑐
 2𝑦 − 1 = 𝑥+1
1 𝑐
 𝑦= +
2 2(𝑥+1)

2. 𝑓 = 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕(9𝑥 2 +4𝑦 2 ) 𝜕(9𝑥 2 +4𝑦 2 ) 𝜕(9𝑥 2 +4𝑦2 )

=( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= (18𝑥 + 0)𝑖 + (0 + 8𝑦)𝑗 + (0)𝑘

=18𝑥𝑖 + 8𝑦𝑗

Untuk Kurva 𝛁𝒇

𝑓 = 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 𝑐 , 𝑐 = 𝑎2
𝑓 = 9𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 = 𝑎2

𝑓 = (3𝑥)2 + (2𝑦)2 = 𝑎2

𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑓= 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 1
( 3 )2 ( 2 )2

𝑦
3. 𝑓 = 𝑥

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑦
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝑥
𝜕(𝑦𝑥 −1 ) 𝜕(𝑦𝑥 −1 ) 𝜕(𝑦𝑥 −1 )
=( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑦 1
= − 𝑥 2 𝑖 + 𝑥 𝑗 + 0𝑘

Untuk Kurva 𝛁𝒇
𝑦
𝑓= = 𝑐, 𝑐 > 0
𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐𝑥

4. 𝑓 = (𝑦 + 6)2 + (𝑥 − 4)2

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 52)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= (2𝑥 − 8)𝑖 + (2𝑦 + 12)𝑗 + (0)𝑘

= 2(𝑥 − 4)𝑖 + 2(𝑦 + 6)𝑗

Untuk Kurva 𝛁𝒇

𝑓 = (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 𝑐 , 𝑐 = 𝑎2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 > 0

 5. 𝑓 = 𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (𝑥 4 + 𝑦 4 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= (4𝑥 3 )𝑖 + (4𝑦 3 )𝑗 + (0)𝑘

Untuk Kurva 𝛁𝒇

𝑓 = 𝑥4 + 𝑦4 = 𝑐

(𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 )
6. 𝑓 = (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
∇𝑓 = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) ( 2 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 (𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )

4𝑥𝑦 2 −4𝑥 2 𝑦
=((𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )2 ) 𝑖 + ((𝑥 2 +𝑦 2)2 ) 𝑗

Untuk Kurva 𝛁𝒇

(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
𝑓= 2 =𝑐
(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 )

(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑐

𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑐) = 𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑐)

(1 − 𝑐) 2
𝑦2 = 𝑥
(1 + 𝑐)

(1 − 𝑐)
𝑦 = ± 𝑥√
(1 + 𝑐)

11. Ø = 𝑥𝑦 , 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 (−4,5)

Jawab :
 Ә(𝑥𝑦) Ә(𝑥𝑦)
∇Ø = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗)
Ә𝑥 Ә𝑦

= 𝑦𝑖 + 𝑥𝑗

= 5𝑖 – 4𝑗

𝑥
12. Ø = , 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 (1,1)
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )

Jawab :
𝑥 𝑥
Ә( 2 2 ) Ә( 2 2 )
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦
∇Ø = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗)
Ә𝑥 Ә𝑦

𝑢
Dengan turunan maka,
𝑣

𝑦 2 −𝑥 2 −2𝑦
∇Ø = ((𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )2 𝑖 − (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 )2 𝑗 )

1
=0i-2 𝑗

13. Ø = 𝑙𝑛 (𝑋 2 + 𝑌 2 ) , 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 (8,6)

Jawab :

Ә(ln (𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 ) ) Ә(ln (𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 ) )
∇Ø = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗)
Ә𝑥 Ә𝑦

1
Dengan mengingat bahwa 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥) maka,

2𝑥 2𝑦
= (𝑋 2 +𝑌 2 𝑖 + 𝑗)
𝑋 2 +𝑌 2

16 12
= (100 𝑖 + 𝑗)
100

4 3
= (25 𝑖 + 𝑗)
25

1
14. Ø = , 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 (12,0,16)
√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2

Jawab :
 1 1 1
Ә( ) Ә( ) Ә( )
√𝑥2 +𝑦2 +𝑧2 √𝑥2 +𝑦2 +𝑧2 √𝑥2 +𝑦2 +𝑧2
∇Ø = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘)
Ә𝑥 Ә𝑦 Ә𝑧

−𝑥 −𝑦 −𝑧
=( 3 𝑖+ 3 𝑗+ 3 𝑘)
(𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2 (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2 (𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2

−12 −0 16
=( 3 𝑖− 3 𝑗− 3 𝑘)
(144+0+256)2 (144+0+256)2 (144+0+256)2

−12 −0 16
= (8000 𝑖 − 8000 𝑗 − 8000 𝑘 )

−3 1
= (2000 𝑖 − 500 𝑘 )

15. Ø = (4𝑋 2 + 9𝑌 2 + 𝑍 2 ) , 𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑘 (5, −1, −11)

Jawab :
Ә(4𝑋 2 +9𝑌 2 +𝑍 2 ) Ә(4𝑋 2 +9𝑌 2 +𝑍 2 ) Ә(4𝑋 2 +9𝑌 2 +𝑍 2 )
∇Ø = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘)
Ә𝑥 Ә𝑦 Ә𝑦

= 8𝑥 𝑖 + 18𝑦 𝑗 + 2𝑧 𝑘

= 40 𝑖 − 18 𝑗 − 22 𝑘

Soal Divergensi Problem Set 9.8

1
1. V = [ 𝑥 2 , 4𝑦 2 , 9𝑧 2 ] , P = ( -1 , 0 , 2 )
Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇= 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇∘𝑉 =[ 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘 ] [ 𝑥 2 , 4𝑦 2 , 9𝑧 2 ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕4𝑦 2 𝜕9𝑧 2
=[ + + ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= 2𝑥 + 8y + 18z
1
Di titik P = (−1, 0, 2) maka,
∇ ∘ 𝑉 = 2𝑥 + 8y + 18z

1
= 2(−1) + 8(0) + 18( )
2
= −2 + 0 + 9 = 7

𝜋
2. V = [ 0 , cos 𝑥𝑦𝑧 , sin 𝑥𝑦𝑧 ] , P = ( 2 , 2 , 0 )
Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇= 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇∘𝑉 =[ 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘 ] [ 0 , cos 𝑥𝑦𝑧 , sin 𝑥𝑦𝑧 ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕0 𝜕 cos 𝑥𝑦𝑧 𝜕 sin 𝑥𝑦𝑧

=[ + + ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= 0 − xz sin 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + xy cos 𝑥𝑦𝑧

𝜋
Di titik P = (2, 2 , 0) maka

∇ ∘ 𝑉 = 0 − xz sin 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + xy cos 𝑥𝑦𝑧

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= 0 − ( 2 x 0 ) sin ( 2 𝑥 𝑥0 )+(2x ) cos (2 𝑥 𝑥 0) = 0 − 0 + 𝜋 cos 0 = 𝜋
2 2 2

3. V = [ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]−1 [ x , y ]
= [ x[ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]−1 , y [ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ]−1 ]

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ .𝑣 = ( + + ) .𝑣
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 𝜕𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1 𝜕𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )−1

= ( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑦2 − 𝑥2 𝑥2 − 𝑦2
∇ .𝑣 = +
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2
 4. 𝑣 = [𝑣1 (𝑦, 𝑧), 𝑣2 (𝑥, 𝑧), 𝑣3 (𝑥, 𝑦)], 𝑃: (3, 1, −1)

Jawab :

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ .𝑣 = ( + + ) .𝑣
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕(𝑣1 (𝑦, 𝑧)) 𝜕(𝑣2 (𝑥, 𝑧)) 𝜕(𝑣3 (𝑥, 𝑦))

=( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

Di titik P = (3, 1, -1) maka,

=0+0+0

∇ .𝑣 = 0

5. 𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 [𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧], 𝑃 : (3, −1, 4)

Jawab :

𝑣 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 [𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 , 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 , 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 ]

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ .𝑣 = ( + + ) .𝑣
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕(𝑥 3 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )

= ( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2

= 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2

Di titik p = (3, -1, 4) maka,

∇ . 𝑣 = 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 2

= 9(3)2 (−1)2 (4)2 = 1296

9. Buktikan

(a) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑘𝑣) = 𝑘 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑣, 𝑘 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎

(b) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓𝑣) = 𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑣 + 𝑣 . ∇𝑓

 (c) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓 ∇𝑔) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 + ∇ 𝑓. ∇𝑔

(d) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓 ∇𝑔) − 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑔 ∇𝑓) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 − 𝑔 ∇2 𝑓

Jawab :

(a) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑘𝑣) = 𝑘 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑣, 𝑘 = 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ . 𝑘𝑣 = ( + + ) . (𝑘𝑣𝑥, 𝑘𝑣𝑦, 𝑘𝑣𝑧)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑘𝑣𝑥 𝜕𝑘𝑣𝑦 𝜕𝑘𝑣𝑧

= ( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑣𝑥 𝜕𝑣𝑦 𝜕𝑣𝑧

= 𝑘( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

∇ . 𝑘𝑣 = 𝑘∇v

(b) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓𝑣) = 𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑣 + 𝑣 . ∇𝑓

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ . (𝑓𝑣) = ( + + ) . (𝑓𝑣𝑥, 𝑓𝑣𝑦, 𝑓𝑣𝑧)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=( (𝑓𝑣𝑥) + (𝑓𝑣𝑦) + (𝑓𝑣𝑧))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑣𝑥 𝜕𝑣𝑦 𝜕𝑣𝑧

= (𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣𝑦 + 𝑣𝑧 ) + (𝑓 + 𝑓 + 𝑓 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑣𝑥 𝜕𝑣𝑦 𝜕𝑣𝑧 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓

= 𝑓( + + ) + (𝑣𝑥, 𝑣𝑦, 𝑣𝑧) ( + + )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

∇ . (𝑓𝑣) = 𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑣 𝑣 + 𝑣 . ∇𝑓

(c) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓 ∇𝑔) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 + ∇ 𝑓. ∇𝑔

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
⇒ ∇. (𝑓 ∇𝑔) = ∇. (𝑓 ( + + ) 𝑔)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑔𝑥 𝜕𝑔𝑦 𝜕𝑔𝑧

⇒ ∇. (𝑓 ∇𝑔) = ∇. ((𝑔𝑥 + 𝑔𝑦 + 𝑔𝑧 ) + (𝑓 + 𝑓 + 𝑓 ))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
⇒ ∇. (𝑓 ∇𝑔) = 𝑓∇2 𝑔 + ∇ 𝑓. ∇𝑔

(d) 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑓 ∇𝑔) − 𝑑𝑖𝑣(𝑔 ∇𝑓) = 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 − 𝑔 ∇2 𝑓

⇒ ∇. (𝑓 ∇𝑔) − ∇. (𝑔 ∇𝑓)

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑔𝑥 𝜕𝑔𝑦 𝜕𝑔𝑧

= ∇. ((𝑔𝑥 + 𝑔𝑦 + 𝑔𝑧 ) + (𝑓 + 𝑓 + 𝑓 ))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑔𝑥 𝜕𝑔𝑦 𝜕𝑔𝑧 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
− ∇. ((𝑓 + 𝑓 + 𝑓 ) + (𝑔𝑥 + 𝑔𝑦 + 𝑔𝑧 ))
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

= 𝑓 ∇2 𝑔 − 𝑔 ∇2 𝑓

- Soal Curl Problem Set 9.9

4. 𝑣 = [2𝑦 2 , 5𝑥, 0]

Jawab :

𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑎 = 2𝑦 2 , 𝑏 = 5𝑥 , 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 = 0

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑉 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=[ ]=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 [ 2𝑦 2 5𝑥 0 ]

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= |𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧| 𝑖 − | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧| 𝑗 + | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦| 𝑘
5𝑥 0 2𝑦 2 0 2𝑦 2 5𝑥

𝜕(0) 𝜕(5𝑥) 𝜕(0) 𝜕(2𝑦 2 ) 𝜕(5𝑥) 𝜕(2𝑦 2 )

=( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= (0 − 0)𝑖 − (0 − 0)𝑗 + (5 − 4𝑦)𝑘

= 0𝑖 − 0𝑗 + 5𝑘 − 4𝑦𝑘

= (5 − 4𝑦)𝑘
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣 = [0, 0, ( 5 − 4𝑦)]

5. 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧[𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧]

Jawab :

𝑣 = [𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧, 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧, 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ]

𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑎 = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧, 𝑏 = 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑉 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=[ ]=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 [ 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ]

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= | 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑖 − | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑗 + | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 | 𝑘
𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧

𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧) 𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧)

= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= (𝑥𝑧 2 − 𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑖 − (𝑦𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑗 + (𝑦 2 𝑧 − 𝑥 2 𝑧)𝑘

= 𝑥(𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑖 − 𝑦(𝑧 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑗 + 𝑧(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )𝑘

𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣 = [𝑥(𝑧 2 − 𝑦 2 ), 𝑦(𝑥 2 − 𝑧 2 ), 𝑧(𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 )]

−3⁄
6. 𝑣 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 [𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧]

Jawab :
−3⁄ −3⁄ −3⁄
𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑎 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 , 𝑏 = 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 , 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 = 𝑧(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑉 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=[ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
−3⁄ −3⁄ −3⁄
[ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 𝑧(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 ]

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= | 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑖− | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 |𝑗
−3⁄ −3 2 −3⁄2
2 −3⁄2 𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ⁄2
2 2 2
𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 2 2
𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) 𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 )
𝜕 𝜕
+| 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 |𝑘
−3 −3⁄
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ⁄2 𝑦(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2

3𝑧𝑦 3𝑦𝑧 3𝑥𝑧 3𝑧𝑥

(− 5 + 5 )𝑖 − (− 5 + 5⁄ )
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) ⁄2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2
3𝑦𝑥 3𝑥𝑦
+ (− 5⁄ + 5⁄
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2

= 0𝑖 − 0𝑗 + 0𝑘

𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣 = [0, 0, 0]

7. 𝑣 = [0, 0, 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦]

Jawab :

𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑎 = 0, 𝑏 = 0 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 = 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑉 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=[ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
−𝑥
[ 0 0 𝑒 sin 𝑦 ]
 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= |𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑖 − |𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑗 + |𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦| 𝑘
0 −𝑥
𝑒 sin 𝑦 0 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦 0 0

𝜕(𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦) 𝜕(0) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦) 𝜕(0) 𝜕(0) 𝜕(0)

= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= (𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑦)𝑖 − (−𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦)𝑗 + (0)𝑘

𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣 = [𝑒 −𝑥 cos 𝑦 , 𝑒 −𝑥 sin 𝑦 , 0]

2 2 2
8. 𝑣 = [𝑒 −𝑧 , 𝑒 −𝑥 , 𝑒 −𝑦 ]

Jawab :
2 2 2
𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑙 ∶ 𝑎 = 𝑒 −𝑧 , 𝑏 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑎𝑛 𝑐 = 𝑒 −𝑦

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑉 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑎𝑖̂ + 𝑏𝑗̂ + 𝑐𝑘̂)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=[ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
[ 𝑒 −𝑧 2 𝑒 −𝑥
2 2
𝑒 −𝑦 ]
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= | 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑖 − | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑗 + | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 | 𝑘
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑒 −𝑧 𝑒 −𝑥
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜕(𝑒 −𝑦 ) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑦 ) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑧 ) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝜕(𝑒 −𝑧 )
= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
2 2 2
= (−2𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 − 0)𝑖 − (0— 2𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 )𝑗 + (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 0)𝑘
2 2 2
= −2𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑖 − 2𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 𝑗 − 2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑘
2 2 2
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣 = [ −2𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 , − 2𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 𝑗, −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 ]
 14. Buktikan

(a) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 ( 𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢 + 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

(b) 𝑑𝑖𝑣 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣) = 0

(c) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑓𝑣) = (𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓) 𝑋 𝑉 + 𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

(d) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓) = 0

(e) 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = 𝑣 . 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢 − 𝑢. 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

Jawab :

(a) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 ( 𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢 + 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ 𝑋 ( 𝑢 + 𝑣) = ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 [(𝑢1 𝑖̂ + 𝑢2 𝑗̂ + 𝑢3 𝑘̂) + (𝑣1 𝑖̂ + 𝑣2 𝑗̂ + 𝑣3 𝑘̂)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
[ 𝑢1 + 𝑣1 𝑢2 + 𝑣2 𝑢3 + 𝑣3 ]

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= | 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑖 − | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 | 𝑗 + | 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 | 𝑘
𝑢2 + 𝑣2 𝑢3 + 𝑣3 𝑢1 + 𝑣1 𝑢3 + 𝑣3 𝑢1 + 𝑣1 𝑢2 + 𝑣2

𝜕(𝑢3 + 𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑢2 + 𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑢3 + 𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑢1 + 𝑣1 ) 𝜕(𝑢2 + 𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑢1 + 𝑣1 )

= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕(𝑢3 ) 𝜕(𝑢2 ) 𝜕(𝑢3 ) 𝜕(𝑢1 ) 𝜕(𝑢2 ) 𝜕(𝑢1 )

= [( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − ) 𝑘]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 )
+ [( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − ) 𝑘]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

∇ 𝑋 ( 𝑢 + 𝑣) = 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢 + 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

(b) 𝑑𝑖𝑣 (𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣) = 0

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ . (∇ 𝑋 𝑣) = ∇ . [( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 (𝑣1 𝑖̂ + 𝑣2 𝑗̂ + 𝑣3 𝑘̂)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
 𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= ∇ .[ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣3

𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 )

= ∇ . [( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − ) 𝑘]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕 𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕 𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 ) 𝜕 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 )

= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

∇ . (∇ 𝑋 𝑣) = 0

(c) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑓𝑣) = (𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓) 𝑋 𝑉 + 𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝑋𝑣 =( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) 𝑋 [(𝑣1 𝑖̂ + 𝑣2 𝑗̂ + 𝑣3 𝑘̂)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= [ ]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣3

𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣3 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 ) 𝜕(𝑣2 ) 𝜕(𝑣1 )

= [( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − ) 𝑘]
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

= 𝑎𝑖 − 𝑏𝑗 + 𝑐𝑘 = 𝑓𝑎𝑖 − 𝑓𝑏𝑗 + 𝑓𝑐𝑘

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
= [ 𝑓𝑥 𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑧 ]
𝑣1 𝑣2 𝑣3

𝑓𝑦(𝑣3 ) 𝑓𝑧(𝑣2 ) 𝑓𝑥(𝑣3 ) 𝑓𝑧(𝑣1 ) 𝑓𝑥(𝑣2 ) 𝑓𝑦(𝑣1 )

= [( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − ) 𝑘]
1 1 1 1 1 1

∇ 𝑋 𝑣 = 𝐴(𝑓𝑎)𝑖 − 𝐵(𝑓𝑏)𝑗 + 𝐶(𝑓𝑐)𝑘

(d) 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 (𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑓) = 0

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ 𝑋 (∇𝑓) = ∇ X [( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂) (𝑓)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
= ∇ X [( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂)]
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
[ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 ]

𝜕(𝑓) 𝜕(𝑓) 𝜕(𝑓) 𝜕(𝑓) 𝜕(𝑓) 𝜕(𝑓)

= ( − )𝑖 − ( − )𝑗 + ( − )𝑘
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥

∇ 𝑋 (∇𝑓) = 0

(e) 𝑑𝑖𝑣 ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = 𝑣 . 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑢 − 𝑢. 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑙 𝑣

∇ . ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = 𝜕𝑥(𝑈𝑦𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝑉𝑦) − 𝜕𝑦(𝑈𝑥𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝑉𝑥) + 𝜕𝑧(𝑈𝑥𝑉𝑦 − 𝑈𝑦𝑉𝑥) . . . (1)

∇ . ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = (𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑦) − (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑥) + (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑦 − 𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑥)

v . ( ∇ 𝑋 𝑢) = (−𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑧 + 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑦) + (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑥) + (−𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑦 + 𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑥)

−u . ( ∇ 𝑋 𝑣) = (𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑦) + (−𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑧 + 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑥) + (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑦 − 𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑥)

∇ . ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = (−𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑧 + 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑦) + (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑥) + (−𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑦 + 𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑥)

+ (𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑧 − 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑥𝑉𝑦) + (−𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑧 + 𝑈𝑧𝜕𝑦𝑉𝑥) + (𝑈𝑥𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑦 − 𝑈𝑦𝜕𝑧𝑉𝑥)

∇ . ( 𝑢 𝑋 𝑣) = v . ( ∇ 𝑋 𝑢) − u . ( ∇ 𝑋 𝑣)