SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN ANALISIS VEKTOR

BAB GRADIEN, DIVERGENSI DAN CURL

1. Jika 𝜙 = 2𝑥𝑧 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 carilaah ∇𝜙 dan |∇𝜙| pada titik (2, −2,1)
Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕(2𝑥𝑧 4−𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝜕(2𝑥𝑧 4 −𝑥 2 𝑦) 𝜕(2𝑥𝑧 4−𝑥 2 𝑦)
∇𝜙 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (2𝑥𝑧 4 − 𝑥 2 𝑦) = 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
4 2 3
= (2𝑧 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑖 − 𝑥 𝑗 + 8𝑥𝑧 𝑘
Pada titik (2, −2,1) maka:
∇𝜙 = (2𝑧 4 − 2𝑥𝑦)𝑖 − 𝑥 2 𝑗 + 8𝑥𝑧 3 𝑘 = (2.14 − 2.2. −2)𝑖 − 22 𝑗 + (8.2.13 )𝑘 = 10𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 16𝑘
Sehingga: |∇𝜙| = √102 + (−4)2 + 162 = √100 + 16 + 256 = √372 = 2√93

2. Jika 𝐴 = 2𝑥 2 𝑖 − 3𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘 dan 𝜙 = 2𝑧 − 𝑥 3 𝑦. Carilah 𝐴 ∙ ∇𝜙 dan 𝐴 × ∇𝜙 pada titik (1, −1,1)

Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕(2𝑧−𝑥 3𝑦) 𝜕(2𝑧−𝑥 3𝑦) 𝜕(2𝑧−𝑥 3𝑦)
∇𝜙 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (2𝑧 − 𝑥 3 𝑦) = 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= −3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑥 3 𝑗 + 2𝑘
Maka:
𝐴 ∙ ∇𝜙 = (2𝑥 2 𝑖 − 3𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘) ∙ (−3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑥 3 𝑗 + 2𝑘)
= 2𝑥 2 (−3𝑥 2 𝑦) + (−3𝑦𝑧)(−𝑥 3 ) + (𝑥𝑧 2 )2
= −6𝑥 4 𝑦 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 2
Diketahuai pada titik (1, −1,1) maka:
𝐴 ∙ ∇𝜙 = −6𝑥 4 𝑦 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 2 = −6(14 )(−1) + 3(13 )(−1)(1) + 2(1)(12 ) = 5
Selanjutnya,
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
2
𝐴 × ∇𝜙 = | 2𝑥 −3𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑧 2 | = 𝑖(−6𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥 4 𝑧 2 ) − 𝑗(4𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘(−2𝑥 5 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧)
−3𝑥 2 𝑦 −𝑥 3 2
Diketahuai pada titik (1, −1,1) maka:
𝐴 × ∇𝜙 = 𝑖((−6(−1)(1) + (14 )(14 )) − 𝑗((4(12 ) + 3(13 )(−1)(12 )) + 𝑘((−2(15 ) − 9(12 )(−12 )(1))
= 𝑖 (6 + 1) − 𝑗(4 − 3) + 𝑘(−2 − 9) = 7𝑖 − 𝑗 − 11𝑘
𝑦
3. Jika 𝐹 = 𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑥 dan 𝐺 = 2𝑧 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 . Carilah ∇(𝐹 + 𝐺) dan ∇(𝐹𝐺) pada titik (1,0, −2)
Jawab:
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝑦 𝜕(𝑥 2𝑧+𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2𝑧+𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝜕(𝑥 2𝑧+𝑒 𝑥 )
∇𝐹 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑒 ) = 𝑥 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 1
= (2𝑥𝑧 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑖 + ( 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑗 + (𝑥 2 )𝑘
𝑥2 𝑥
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕(2𝑧 2 𝑦−𝑥𝑦 2) 𝜕(2𝑧 2𝑦−𝑥𝑦 2 ) 𝜕(2𝑧 2𝑦−𝑥𝑦 2 )
∇𝐺 =(
𝜕𝑥
𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (2𝑥 2 𝑦 − 𝑧𝑦 2 ) = 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= −𝑦 2 𝑖 + 2𝑧 2 𝑗 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗 + 4𝑧𝑦𝑘
Maka:
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 1
∇(𝐹 + 𝐺) = ∇𝐹 + ∇𝐺 = (2𝑥𝑧 − ( 2 )𝑘 − 𝑦 2 𝑖 + 2𝑧 2 𝑗 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗 + 4𝑧𝑦𝑘
2 𝑒 )𝑖 + ( 𝑒 )𝑗 + 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 1
= [2𝑥𝑧 − 2 𝑒 − 𝑦 𝑖 + [𝑥 𝑒 + (2𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑦)] 𝑗 + (𝑥 2 + 4𝑧𝑦)𝑘
𝑥 2] 𝑥
𝑥
Diketahui pada titik (1,0, −2) maka:
∇(𝐹 + 𝐺) = (−4 − 0 − 0)𝑖 + (1 + 8 − 0)𝑗 + (1 + 0)𝑘 = −4𝑖 + 9𝑗 + 𝑘
Selanjutnya:
∇(𝐹𝐺) = 𝐹∇𝐺 + 𝐺∇𝐹
𝑦
𝑦 𝑦 1 𝑦
= (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑒 𝑥 ) (−𝑦2 𝑖 + 2𝑧2 𝑗 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑗 + 4𝑧𝑦𝑘) + (2𝑧 2 𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 2 )((2𝑥𝑧 − 2 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑖 + ( 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑗 + (𝑥 2 )𝑘)
𝑥 𝑥
Diketahui pada titik (1,0, −2) maka:

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

 ∇(𝐹𝐺) = (−2 + 1)(0𝑖 + 8𝑗 − 0𝑗 + 0𝑘) + (0)(−4𝑖 − 0𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘)
= −1(8𝑗)
= −8𝑗

4. Carilah ∇|𝑟|3
Jawab:
3 3
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇|𝑟 |3 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )2
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
3 3 3
𝜕(𝑥 2+𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2 𝜕(𝑥 2+𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2 𝜕(𝑥 2+𝑦 2 +𝑧 2 )2
= 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 1 1
3 3 3
= (2𝑥 )(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 𝑖 + (2𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )2 𝑗 + (2𝑧)(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )2 𝑘
2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 2 2 )2 2 2 2 )2
= 3𝑥(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑖 + 3𝑦(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑗 + 3𝑧(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )2 𝑘
2
1
= 3(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )2 (𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘)
= 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘)
= 3𝑟𝑟⃗

6
5. Hitunglah ∇ (3𝑟 2 − 4√𝑟 + 3 )
√𝑟
Jawab:
6 6
(3𝑟 2 − 4√𝑟 + 3 ) = 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 − 4√𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 3 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧
√𝑟 √
1 1
−
= 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 )2 − 4(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) + 6 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 ) 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
= (3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 6𝑥 ) + (3𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 6𝑦 ) + (3𝑧 2 − 4𝑧 2 + 6𝑧 −3 )
2
−
3 2
−
3

6 1 −1 1 −1 1 −1
∇ (3𝑟 2 − 4√𝑟 + 3 ) =(
𝜕
𝑖+
𝜕
𝑗+
𝜕
𝑘) [(3𝑥2 − 4𝑥2 + 6𝑥 3 ) + (3𝑦2 − 4𝑦2 + 6𝑦 3 ) + (3𝑧2 − 4𝑧2 + 6𝑧 3 )]
√𝑟 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
1 4 1 4 1 4
= (6𝑥 − 2𝑥 −2 − 2𝑥 −3 ) 𝑖 + (6𝑦 − 2𝑦 −2 − 2𝑦 −3 ) 𝑗 + (6𝑧 − 2𝑧 −2 − 2𝑧 −3 ) 𝑘
1 1 1 4 4 4
= 6𝑥𝑖 + 6𝑦𝑗 + 6𝑧𝑘 − 2𝑥 −2 𝑖 − 2𝑦 −2 𝑗 − 2𝑧 −2 𝑘 − 2𝑥 −3 𝑖 − 2𝑦 −3 𝑗 − 2𝑧 −3 𝑘
3 3 3 7 7 7
= (𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘) (6 − 2𝑥 −2 − 2𝑦 −2 − 2𝑧 −2 − 2𝑥 −3 𝑖 − 2𝑦 −3 𝑗 − 2𝑧 −3 𝑘)
3 7
= 𝑟⃗ (6 − 2𝑟 −2 − 2𝑟 −3 )

2 +𝑦 2 +𝑧 2
6. Carilah ∇𝜓 dimana 𝜓 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑒 −√𝑥
2 2 2
Jawab: Note: 𝑒 −√𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧 = 𝑒 −|𝑟|
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 2 +𝑦 2+𝑧 2
∇𝜓 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) ((𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑒 −√𝑥 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
= (2𝑥𝑒 −√𝑥 +𝑦 +𝑧
2 2 2
− 𝑒 −√𝑥
2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2)) 𝑖 + (2𝑦𝑒 −√𝑥
2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2
− 𝑒 −√𝑥
2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝑗 + (2𝑧𝑒 −√𝑥
2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2
− 𝑒 −√𝑥
2 +𝑦2 +𝑧 2
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝑘

= (2𝑥𝑒 −|𝑟| − 𝑒 −|𝑟| (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝑖 + (2𝑦𝑒 −|𝑟| − 𝑒 −|𝑟| (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝑗 + (2𝑧𝑒 −|𝑟| − 𝑒 −|𝑟| (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )) 𝑘

= 𝑒 −|𝑟| (2𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑖 + 𝑒 −|𝑟| (2𝑦 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑗 + 𝑒 −|𝑟| (2𝑧 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑘
= 𝑒 −|𝑟| (2𝑥 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑖 + (2𝑦 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑗 + (2𝑧 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ))𝑘
= 𝑒 −|𝑟| [2𝑥𝑖 + 2𝑦𝑗 + 2𝑧𝑘 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑖 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑗 − (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 )𝑘]
=𝑒 −|𝑟| (2(𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘) − (𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘)(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧))
= 𝑒 −|𝑟| ((𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘))(2 − (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧))
= 𝑒 −|𝑟| 𝒓(2 − 𝑟)

7. Jika ∇𝜙 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑖 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 𝑗 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑘, carilah 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥) jika 𝜙(1, −2,2) = 4

Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜙 = ( 𝑖 + 𝜕𝑦 𝑗 + 𝜕𝑧 𝑘) 𝜙 = 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑖 + 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 𝑗 + 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑘
𝜕𝑥

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

 Maka:
(2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑦 + (3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝜕𝑧 = 0
Akan dicari solusi persamaan tersebut.
𝜕𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 )
= ∫(2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝜙(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan 𝜕𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧))
= 𝑥 2𝑧 3
𝜕𝑦
𝑥 2 𝑧 3 + 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑧 3
𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = 0
′(
Integralkan 𝜔 𝑦, 𝑧) untuk memperoleh 𝜔 (𝑦, 𝑧)
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = ∫ 0 𝜕𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝜔(𝑧)
Diperoleh: 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝜔(𝑧)
𝜕𝜙(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan 𝜕𝑧 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
𝜕(𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝜔 (𝑧))
= 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕𝑧
3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝜔′ (𝑧) = 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜔 ′ (𝑧 ) = 0
Integralkan 𝜔′ (𝑧) untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑧) = ∫ 0 𝜕𝑧 = 𝐶2
Diperoleh: 𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 (jumlahan 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 = 𝐶) maka:
𝜙(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶
Diberikan syarat awal 𝜙(1, −2,2) = 4 maka:
12 (−2)23 + 𝐶 = 4
−16 + 𝐶 = 4
𝐶 = 20
( ) 2 3
Jadi, 𝜙 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 + 20

8. Jika ∇𝜓 = (𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝑖 + (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝑗 + (6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑘. Carilah 𝜓

Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜓 = (𝜕𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘) 𝜓 = (𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝑖 + (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝑗 + (6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑘
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Maka:
(𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑦 + (6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝜕𝑧 = 0
Akan dicari solusi persamaan tersebut.
𝜕𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 )
= ∫(𝑦 2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝜓(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan = (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 ) untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕(𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧))
= (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )
𝜕𝑦
2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 + 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = (3 + 2𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )
𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = 3
Integralkan 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) untuk memperoleh 𝜔 (𝑦, 𝑧)
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = ∫ 3 𝜕𝑦 = 3𝑦 + 𝜔(𝑧)
Diperoleh: 𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 3𝑦 + 𝜔(𝑧)

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

 𝜕𝜓(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan 𝜕𝑧
= 6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
𝜕 (𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 3𝑦 + 𝜔(𝑧))
= 6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕𝑧
−3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝜔′ (𝑧) = 6𝑧 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜔′ (𝑧) = 6𝑧 3
′( )
Integralkan 𝜔 𝑧 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
3
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑧) = ∫ 6𝑧 3 𝜕𝑧 = 𝑧 4 + 𝐶
2
3
Diperoleh: 𝜓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 4 + 𝐶
2

9. Jika 𝐴 = 𝑥 2 𝑧𝑖 + 𝑦𝑧 3 𝑗 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑘, 𝐵 = 𝑦 2 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑘 dan 𝜙 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧 maka carilah:

(a) 𝐴 ∙ (∇𝜙); (b) (𝐴 ∙ ∇)𝜙; (c) (𝐴 ∙ ∇)𝐵; (d) 𝐵(𝐴 ∙ ∇); (e) (∇ ∙ 𝐴)𝐵
Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜙 = ( 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘) (2𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧) = 4𝑥𝑖 + 𝑧𝑗 + 𝑦𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
𝐴∙∇ ( 2
= 𝑥 𝑧𝑖 + 𝑦𝑧 𝑗 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑘 ) ∙ ( 3
𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) = 𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇∙𝐴 =(
𝜕𝑥
𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) ∙ (𝑥 2 𝑧𝑖 + 𝑦𝑧 𝑗 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑘) = 2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑧 3
3
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Sehingga,
(a) 𝐴 ∙ (∇𝜙) = (𝑥 2 𝑧𝑖 + 𝑦𝑧 3 𝑗 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑘) ∙ (4𝑥𝑖 + 𝑧𝑗 + 𝑦𝑘) = 4𝑥 3 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 4 − 3𝑥𝑦 2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(b) (𝐴 ∙ ∇)𝜙 = (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 3 𝜕𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑧) (2𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑧) = 𝑥 2 𝑧(4𝑥 ) + 𝑦𝑧 3 (𝑧) − 3𝑥𝑦(𝑦)
𝜕𝑥
= 4𝑥 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 4 − 3𝑥𝑦 2
3
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(c) (𝐴 ∙ ∇)𝐵 = (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 3 𝜕𝑦 − 3𝑥𝑦 𝜕𝑧) (𝑦 2 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑘)
𝜕𝑥
= 𝑥 2 𝑧(2𝑘) + 𝑦𝑧 3 (2𝑦𝑖 − 𝑧𝑗) − 3𝑥𝑦(−𝑦𝑗)
= 2𝑥 2 𝑧𝑘 + 2𝑦 2 𝑧 3 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧 4 𝑗 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑗
= 2𝑦 2 𝑧 3 𝑖 + (3𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦𝑧 4 )𝑗 + 2𝑥 2 𝑧𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(d) 𝐵(𝐴 ∙ ∇) = (𝑦 2 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑘) (𝑥 2 𝑧 + 𝑦𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= (𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧𝑖 − 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗 + 2𝑥 2 𝑧𝑘) + (𝑦 3 𝑧 3 𝑖 − 𝑦 2 𝑧 4 𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑘) + (−3𝑥𝑦 3 𝑖 + 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧𝑗 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦𝑘)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
(e) (∇ ∙ 𝐴)𝐵 = (2𝑥𝑧 + 𝑧 3 )(𝑦 2 𝑖 − 𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑘 )
= (2𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 + 𝑦 2 𝑧 3 )𝑖 − (2𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝑦𝑧 4 )𝑗 + (4𝑥 2 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑧 3 )𝑘

10. Jika 𝐴 = 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑖 − 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑗 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑘, 𝐵 = 3𝑥𝑖 + 4𝑧𝑗 − 𝑥𝑦𝑘 dan 𝜙 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 maka carilah:
(a) 𝐴 × (∇𝜙); (b) (𝐴 × ∇)𝜙; (c) (∇ × 𝐴) × 𝐵; (d) 𝐵 ∙ ∇ × 𝐴
Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜙 = ( 𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘) (𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 𝑦𝑧𝑖 + 𝑥𝑧𝑗 + 𝑥𝑦𝑘
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
2
𝐴×∇ =[𝑦𝑧 −3𝑥𝑧 2 2𝑥𝑦𝑧] = 𝑖 (−3𝑥𝑧 2 𝜕
− 2𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝜕
) − 𝑗 (𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕
− 2𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝜕
) + 𝑘 (𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕
+ 3𝑥𝑧 2
𝜕
)
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(∇ × 𝐴) == [ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
] = 𝑖(2𝑥𝑧 + 6𝑥𝑧) − 𝑗(2𝑦𝑧 − 2𝑦𝑧) + 𝑘(−3𝑧2 − 𝑧2 ) = 8𝑥𝑧𝑖 − 4𝑧2 𝑘
2
𝑦𝑧 −3𝑥𝑧2 2𝑥𝑦𝑧
Sehingga:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
(a) 𝐴 × (∇𝜙) = [𝑦𝑧2 −3𝑥𝑧2 2𝑥𝑦𝑧] = 𝑖(−3𝑥2 𝑦𝑧2 − 2𝑥2 𝑦𝑧2 ) − 𝑗(𝑥𝑦2 𝑧2 − 2𝑥𝑦2 𝑧2 ) + 𝑘(𝑥𝑦𝑧3 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧3 )
𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝑥𝑦
= −5𝑥 𝑦𝑧 𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦 𝑧 𝑗 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑘
2 2 2 2

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
(b) (𝐴 × ∇)𝜙 = [𝑖 (−3𝑥𝑧2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ) − 𝑗 (𝑦𝑧2 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 ) + 𝑘 (𝑦𝑧2 + 3𝑥𝑧2 )] 𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
= (−3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑥𝑧)𝑖 − (𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑧𝑦𝑧)𝑗 + (𝑦𝑧 2 𝑥𝑧 + 3𝑥𝑧 2 𝑦𝑧)𝑘
= (−3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑖 − (𝑥𝑦2 𝑧2 − 2𝑥𝑦2 𝑧2 )𝑗 + (𝑥𝑦𝑧3 + 3𝑥𝑦𝑧3 )𝑘
= −5𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑖 + 𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 2 𝑗 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝑘
Note: 𝑨 × (𝛁𝝓) = (𝑨 × 𝛁)𝝓
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
(c) (∇ × 𝐴) × 𝐵 = [8𝑥𝑧 0 −4𝑧2 ] = 𝑖(16𝑧3 ) − 𝑗(−8𝑥2 𝑦𝑧 + 12𝑥𝑧2 ) + 𝑘(32𝑥𝑧2 )
3𝑥 4𝑧 −𝑥𝑦
= 16𝑧 3 𝑖 + (8𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 − 12𝑥𝑧 2 )𝑗 + 32𝑥𝑧 2 𝑘
(d) 𝐵 ∙ ∇ × 𝐴 = (3𝑥𝑖 + 4𝑧𝑗 − 𝑥𝑦𝑘) ∙ (8𝑥𝑧𝑖 − 4𝑧2 𝑘) = 24𝑥2 𝑧 + 4𝑥𝑦𝑧2

2 𝑑𝑹 𝑑2 𝑹 𝑑𝑹 𝑑2 𝑹
11. Jika 𝑹 = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥 𝒊 + ln|−𝑡 3 + 3𝑡|𝒋 + cos 𝑡 𝒌, carilah: (a) ; (b) 2 ; (c)
| | ; (d)| 2 |
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Jawab:
Ingat:
𝑢 𝑢 ′𝑣−𝑣 ′𝑢
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣 → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑢′ 𝑣 + 𝑣′𝑢 dan 𝑦 = → 𝑦′ =
𝑣 𝑣2
2
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥 )𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 𝑓 ′′ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) + (𝑓 ′ (𝑥 )) 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑓′′ (𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)+𝑓′ (𝑥)𝑓′(𝑥)
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛 𝑓 (𝑥 ) → 𝑦 ′ = → 𝑦 ′′ = 2
𝑓(𝑥) (𝑓(𝑥))

2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑢 = 𝑒 −𝑡 → 𝑢′ = −2𝑡𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 → 𝑢′′ = −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑡
−2𝑡+3 −2𝑡 2 +6𝑡−9
𝑣 = ln|−𝑡 2 + 3𝑡| → 𝑣 ′ = → 𝑣 ′′ =
−𝑡 2 +3𝑡 (−𝑡 2 +3𝑡) 2

𝑑𝑹 2 −2𝑡+3
a. = −2𝑡𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑗 − sin 𝑡𝑘
𝑑𝑡 −𝑡 2 +3𝑡
𝑑2 𝑹 2𝑥 2 −2𝑡 2 +6𝑡−9
b. = (−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥 )𝑖 + ( (−𝑡 2 +3𝑡)2 ) 𝑗 − cos 𝑡 𝑘
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑𝑹 2 −2𝑡+3 2 4𝑡 2 −12𝑡+9
| | = √(−2𝑡𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥 ) + (
2 2𝑥
c. −𝑡 2 +3𝑡
) + (− sin 𝑡) 2 = √4𝑡 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑡 + + sin2 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑡 4 −6𝑡 3 +9𝑡 2

𝑑2 𝑹 2𝑥 2 2 −2𝑡 2 +6𝑡−9 2
d. | | = √(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑡 + 4𝑡 2 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑥 ) + ( (−𝑡 2 +3𝑡)2 ) + (− cos 𝑡) 2
𝑑𝑡 2

2 𝜕𝑨 𝜕𝑨 𝜕2𝑨 𝜕 2𝑨
12. Jika 𝑨 = 5 sin 𝑥𝑦 𝒊 + 3𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝒋 − (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 3 )𝒌 carilah: (a) ; (b) ; (c) ; (d)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥

Jawab:
𝜕𝑨 2
a. = 5𝑦 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑖 + 6𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝑗 − (6𝑥 + 2𝑦 3 )𝑘
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑨 2
b. = 5𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑦 𝑖 + 3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝑗 − 6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑘
𝜕𝑦
2
𝜕 2𝑨 𝜕(5𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑦𝑖+3𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝑗−6𝑥𝑦 2𝑘) 2 2
c. = = (5 cos 𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑥𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦)𝑖 + (6𝑥𝑒 𝑦𝑥 + 6𝑥 3 𝑦𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝑗 − 6𝑦 2 𝑘
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
2
𝜕 2𝑨 𝜕(5𝑦 cos 𝑥𝑦𝑖+6𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑦𝑥 𝑗−(6𝑥+2𝑦 3 )𝑘) 2 2
d. = = (5 cos 𝑥𝑦 − 5𝑥𝑦 sin 𝑥𝑦)𝑖 + (6𝑥𝑒 𝑦𝑥 + 6𝑥 3 𝑦𝑒 𝑦𝑥 )𝑗 − 6𝑦𝑘
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

 𝜕2
13. Jika 𝑨 = 3𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧𝒊 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 𝒋 + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧𝒌 dan 𝑩 = −6𝑥𝑦𝑧𝒊 + 3𝑥𝑦 3 𝒋 − 2𝑧𝒌, carilah (𝑨 × 𝑩) pada titik
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦

(1, −2,0)
Jawab:
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝐴×B = [ 3𝑥𝑦 2
𝑧 2𝑥𝑦𝑧 3
4𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧] = 𝑖(−4𝑥𝑦𝑧 4 − 12𝑥 3 𝑦 6 𝑧) − 𝑗(−6𝑥𝑦 2 𝑧 2 + 24𝑥 3 𝑦 4 𝑧2 ) + 𝑘(9𝑥 2 𝑦 5 𝑧 + 12𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧4 )
−6𝑥𝑦𝑧 3𝑥𝑦 3 −2𝑧
𝜕
(𝑨 × 𝑩) = 𝑖 (−4𝑥𝑧 4 − 72𝑥 3 𝑦 5 𝑧) − 𝑗(−12𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 + 96𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘(45𝑥 2 𝑦 4 𝑧 + 24𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 4 )
𝜕𝑦

𝜕2 𝜕 𝜕
(𝑨 × 𝑩) = ( (𝑨 × 𝑩)) = 𝑖 (−4𝑧 4 − 216𝑥 2 𝑦 5 𝑧) − 𝑗(−12𝑦𝑧 2 + 288𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2 ) + 𝑘(90𝑥𝑦 4 𝑧 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑧 4 )
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

14. Jika ∇𝜁 = (3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝒊 + (6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝒋 − 12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒌. Carilah 𝜁(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) jika 𝜁 (1, −2,2) = 15.
Jawab:
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜁 = ( 𝑖 +
𝜕𝑥
𝑗+ 𝑘) 𝜁 = (3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝒊 + (6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝒋 − 12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒌
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
Maka:
(3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + (6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑦 + (−12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 )𝜕𝑧 = 0
Akan dicari solusi persamaan tersebut.
𝜕𝜁(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 )
= ∫(3𝑦 2 − 8𝑥𝑦𝑧 3 )𝜕𝑥 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧) = 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝜁(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan = 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑦, 𝑧)
𝜕𝑦
𝜕(3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 )
= 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3
𝜕𝑦
6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3 + 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = 6𝑥𝑦 − 4𝑥 2 𝑧 3
𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = 0
′(
Integralkan 𝜔 𝑦, 𝑧) untuk memperoleh 𝜔 (𝑦, 𝑧)
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑦, 𝑧) = ∫ 0 𝜕𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝜔(𝑧)
Diperoleh: 𝜁 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝜔(𝑧)
𝜕𝜁(𝑥,𝑦,𝑥)
Samakan 𝜕𝑧 = −12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
𝜕(3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝜔(𝑧))
= −12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜕𝑧
−12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 + 𝜔′ (𝑧) = −12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2
𝜔 ′ (𝑧 ) = 0
Integralkan 𝜔′ (𝑧) untuk memperoleh 𝜔(𝑧)
∫ 𝜔′ (𝑧) = ∫ 0 𝜕𝑧 = 𝐶2
Diperoleh: 𝜁 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 (jumlahan 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 = 𝐶) maka:
𝜁 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 + 𝐶
Diberikan syarat awal 𝜁 (1, −2,2) = 15 maka:
3(1)(−2)2 − 4(1)2 (−2)(2)3 + 𝐶 = 15
12 + 64 + 𝐶 = 15
76 + 𝐶 = 15
𝐶 = −61
Jadi, 𝜁 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑥 ) = 3𝑥𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 3 − 61

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni

15. Diketahui 𝜆 = −3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 ; 𝑨 = 6𝑥𝑦 2 𝒊 + 𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒌, dan 𝑩 = 3𝑥𝑦𝒊 − 2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒋. Carilah:
a. ∇ × (𝜆𝑩)
b. ∇ ∙ (∇ × 𝑨)
𝜕2 𝜕2 𝜕2
c. ∇2 𝜆 = ∇ ∙ ∇𝜆 dimana ∇2 = + + menyatakan operator Laplacian.
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 2 𝜕𝑧 2

Jawab:
𝜆𝐵 = (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 )( 3𝑥𝑦𝒊 − 2𝑥 3 𝑦𝑧 2 𝒋) = −9𝑥 3 𝑦 4 𝑧 4 𝒊 + 6𝑥 5 𝑦 4 𝑧 6 𝒋
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇×A = [ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
3 2 2 2
𝜕𝑧 ] = 𝑖(𝑥 𝑧 ) − 𝑗(3𝑥 𝑦𝑧 ) − 𝑘(12𝑥𝑦)
6𝑥𝑦2 0 𝑥3 𝑦𝑧2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇𝜆 =( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 ) = −6𝑥𝑦 3 𝑧 4 𝑖 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 4 𝑗 − 12𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 3
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑖 𝑗 𝑘
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
a. ∇ × (𝜆𝑩) =[ 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 ]
3 4 4 5 4 6
−9𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 6𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 0
= 𝑖(−36𝑥 5 𝑦 4 𝑧 5 ) − 𝑗(36𝑥 3 𝑦 4 𝑧 3 ) + 𝑘(30𝑥 4 𝑦 4 𝑧 6 + 36𝑥 3 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 )
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
d. ∇ ∙ (∇ × 𝑨) = ( 𝑖+ 𝑗+ 𝑘) ∙ (𝑥 3 𝑧 2 𝑖 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑗 − 12𝑥𝑦𝑘) = 3𝑥 2 𝑧 − 3𝑥 2 𝑧 2 = 3𝑥 2 𝑧(1 − 𝑧)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

𝜕2 𝜕2 𝜕2
e. ∇2 𝜆 = ∇ ∙ ∇𝜆 dimana ∇2 = + 2 + menyatakan operator Laplacian.
𝜕𝑥 2 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧 2
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇ ∙ ∇𝜆 = (𝜕𝑥 𝑖 + 𝜕𝑦 𝑗 + 𝜕𝑧 𝑘) ∙ (−6𝑥𝑦 3 𝑧 4 𝑖 − 9𝑥 2 𝑦 2 𝑧 4 𝑗 − 12𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 3 ) = −6𝑦 3 𝑧 4 − 18𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 4 − 36𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2

Akan ditunjukkan ∇2 𝜆 = ∇ ∙ ∇𝜆
Perhatikan bahwa:
𝜕2 𝜕2 𝜕2 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇2 𝜆 =(
𝜕𝑥 2
+
𝜕𝑦 2
+
𝜕𝑧 2
) (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 ) =
𝜕𝑥
( (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 )) +
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
( (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 )) +
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
( (−3𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 4 ))
𝜕𝑧
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= 𝜕𝑥 (−6𝑥𝑦3 𝑧4 ) + 𝜕𝑦 (−9𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧4 ) + 𝜕𝑧 (−12𝑥2 𝑦3 𝑧3 ) = −6𝑦 3 𝑧 4 − 18𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧 4 − 36𝑥 2 𝑦 3 𝑧 2
= ∇ ∙ ∇𝜆
∴ ∇2 𝜆 = ∇ ∙ ∇𝜆 ∎

Nafida Hetty Marhaeni