Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl. Bendungan Sutami
No.188, Malang, 65145, Indonesia, (0341) 551149,
E-mail:arfan22muhammad@gmail.com
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Alergi merupakan reaksi imun yang berlebihan terhadap suatu zat yang dapat merugikan bagi
tubuh. Penebalan bronkus merupakan salah satu manifestasi akibat dari pelepasan mediator inflamasi oleh sel
mast saat terjadi pajanan alergen. Apel (Malus sylvestris) mengandung quercetin dalam kadar tinggi dapat
mencegah reaksi alergi dengan menghambat degranulasi sel mast. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh perasan apel
Malang (Malus sylvestris) terhadap ketebalan dinding bronkus tikus jantan putih yang diinduksi ovalbumin.
Metode: Penelitian eksperimental dengan Post Test Only Control Group Design. 25 ekor tikus sampel dibagi
menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok normal, kelompok kontrol positif, dan tiga kelompok perlakuan. Selain diinduksi
ovalbumin (secara intraperitoneal dan inhalasi) kelompok perlakuan juga diberikan perasan apel dengan kadar
15%, 20% dan 25% (3ml/hari). Pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya perbesaran 400x. Hasil Penelitian
dan Pembahasan:Hasil uji ANOVA didapatkan pengaruh yang bermakna (p: 0,000). Hasil uji Post Hoc
didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) pada kelompok perlakuan 15%, 20%, dan 25% (3ml/hari). Hasil
uji regresi linier didapatkan RSquare masing masing 0,856 dan 0,817 (perasan buah apel memberikan pengaruh
85,6% dan 81,7%) pada bronkus primer kiri dan kanan. Berkurangnya ketebalan dinding bronkus tersebut
dikarenakan kadar quercetin dalam perasan buah apel dapat menstabilkan membran sel mast sehingga tidak terjadi
pelepasan mediator inflamasi. Kesimpulan: Perasan apel Malang (Malus sylvestris) berpengaruh terhadap
berkurangnya ketebalan dinding bronkus tikus yang diinduksi ovalbumin.
Kata Kunci: Perasan Apel Malang, Dinding Bronkus, Ovalbumin, Reaksi Alergi
ABSTRACT
Background: Allergy is a response caused by excessive immune reactions towards common foundable
subsctance but could be harmful to the body. Bronchial wall thickening is one of the manifestation caused by
inflammation mediator release from mast cell when an allergen exposure occur. Apple (Malus sylvestris) contain
a high level of quercetin, that capable for preventing allergic reactions by inhibiting mast cell degranulation.
Objective: To determine the effect of apple juice (Malus sylvestris) on white rats (Rattus norvegicus strain wistar)
bronchial wall thickness induced by ovalbumin. Method: Experimental study with post-test only control group
design. 25 rats were divided into five groups. Positive control group was induced by ovalbumin through
intraperitoneal and inhalation. Besides induced by ovalbumin, the treatment groups were given apple juice at
concentration levels of 15%, 20%, and 25% (3ml/day). Observations were using light microscope with 400x
magnification. Results and Discussion: ANOVA test resulted in significant influence (p: 0,000). Post hoc test
resulted significant difference (p<0,05) in the treated group 15%, 20%, and 25% (3ml/day). Linear regression
resulted in RSquare for each left and right bronchial : 0,856 and 0,817 (apple juice had 85,6% and 81,7% of
influence) The decreasing of bronchial wall thickness is caused by the quercetin level in apple juice could stabilize
mast cell membrane, so the release of inflammation mediator didn’t happened. Conclusion: Apple juice (Malus
sylvestris) could reduce the bronchial wall thickness induced by ovalbumin.