GEOID
Kosasih Prijatna Irwan Meilano
Dina A. Sarsito Heri Andreas
Terdiri atas :
topografi
H
h
geoid (MSL)
N
ellipsoid
h = tinggi geodetik
H = tinggi ortometrik H=h-N
N = undulasi geoid
T R
N= = g S ( ) d
4
GG Stokes (1819-1903)
Fungsi Stokes : S ( ) = 2n + 1
n −1
Pn (cos )
n=2
Newton
Dina A S L - 2006 Newton’s law of gravitation
DASL – 2012
GAYABERAT = Percepatan GRAVITASI + Percepatan SENTRIFUGAL
Percepatan gravitasi
Percepatan
sentrifugal
DASL – 2012
VARIASI GAYABERAT TERHADAP LINTANG
984
100.3kg
Nilai gaya berat
983
982
981
100.0kg
980
979
978
0 102030405060
lintang
99.8kg
The Earth ?
DASL – 2012
VARIASI GAYABERAT TERHADAP KETINGGIAN
DASL – 2012
ANOMALI GAYABERAT
-300mgal +300
DASL – 2012
PENYEBAB ANOMALI GAYABERAT
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9 Observed
-10 Calculated
-11
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Distance (km)
DensityStructure
Structure
Density Low
Low Density
Depth (km)
Petro, Gas
Basement Sediment
堆積層
Sediment
waterBasement
基盤
2.00 High Density
High
Distance
Distance (km)
(km)
DASL – 2012
VARIASI TEMPORAL GAYABERAT
MATAHARI/BULAN
潮汐
PASUT
DASL – 2012
PENGUKURAN GAYABERAT
Freefalling
Vacuum Upper Mirror
Chamber
Interferometer
Laser
Interference
Detector
Gravity Difference
?
Temporal Variations
LaCoste & Romberg
DASL – 2012
?
GGOS and the gravity field: satellite missions
CHAMP (GFZ)
Launched 15 July 2000
GRACE (NASA/GFZ)
Launched March 2002
Static geoid to n=100: 2-5 cm
Cumulative monthly geoid
accuracy (n=100): 10-20 cm
(rms)
GOCE (ESA)
Launched March 2009
Satellite gradiometry.
Cumulative geoid accuracy
(n=200): 1 cm (rms)
Satellite Gravity Missions
CHAMP GRACE
GOCE
Airborne Gravity di Indonesia (mulai 2009)
27
Bidang ekipotensial dan gayaberat