PENDAHULUAN
PRELIMINARY
Hospitalization is the entry of with the treatment and healing process of the
individuals into hospitals as patients for child.
various reasons such as diagnostic School-age children perceive
examinations, surgical procedures, medical hospital care forcing them to separate from
care, drug administration and stabilizing or their beloved environment, namely families,
monitoring the condition of the body. especially their social groups that cause
Children try to adapt to foreign and new anxiety. Reactions to injury or pain will be
environments, namely hospitals, so that the demonstrated by expression both verbally
condition becomes a stressor for both and nonverbally because the child is able to
children and parents and families, changes communicate it. School-age children are
in this condition are major problems that able to control their behavior if they feel
cause fear, anxiety for children that can pain, namely by biting their lips or biting by
cause physiological and psychological holding something tightly. During the school
changes in children if childunable to adapt age language and vocabulary skills
to these changes (Saputro & Fazrin, 2017). continued to increase, school-age children
Some changes that appear can interfere developed metalinguistic awareness namely
the ability to think about language and previous language play therapy at RSU Dr.
comment on its nature. This allows them to Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto.
enjoy jokes, puzzles and play words (Kyle & Anxiety often results from the rapid
Carman, 2014). onset of illness or injury especially when the
The number of children undergoing child has limited experience related to
hospitalization in Indonesia based on the illness or injury. Normal childhood fears
2015 Central Bureau of Statistics is 15.26%, include fear of separating from their parents
in rural areas it is 15.75%, while in regions and family or protector, fear of losing
per urban is 14.74%. There were no control, fear of bodily injury. The child's
significant differences between boys fear is similar to that of an adult's fear of
(15.39%) and girls (15.13%) (Badan Pusat something unknown, including unfamiliar
Statistik, 2015). fear of the environment; maintenance
Based on the results of the research procedures, use of medical devices,
(Patel, V, & HN, 2014) in Vadodara equipment that looks scary, strangers with
Hospital of 30 respondents, there were unusual clothes or the sound of other
30.0% of children who experienced mild children crying and losing control. Exposure
anxiety, 36.7% of children who had to strangers, situations and procedures that
moderate anxiety, and 33 children with may be experienced and pain that can lead to
severe anxiety. 3%. Research results (Hale increased anxiety and fear. Overall,
& Tjahjono, 2013) in hospitals. Whiliam hospitalization is a bad experience for them
Booth Surabaya found that children who (Kyle & Carman, 2014).
experience physiological anxiety as much as Playing is an activity carried out by
19%, children who experience children to overcome various kinds of
oversensitivity as much as 55%, children unpleasant feelings in him. By playing
who experience consentration as much as children will get excitement and satisfaction.
26%. Play therapy is an activity to overcome
Preliminary study conducted on children's emotional and behavioral
January 12, 2019 in the Kertawijaya room of problems because they are responsive to
Dr. RSU Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto their unique and diverse needs in their
had 8 children and showed that all of them development. Children are not like adults
were uncooperative and anxious about the who can communicate naturally through
care actions marked by crying, some words, they are more naturally expressing
kicking, and fearing health workers by themselves through play and activity
always holding the hands of their parents. (Saputro & Fazrin, 2017).
The interview results of the researchers with Physiological responses that can arise
the head of the Kertawijaya room at RSU include changes in the cardiovascular
Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto system such as palpitations, increased heart
found that there was no play therapy rate, changes in breathing patterns that are
program specifically carried out by health increasingly fast, besides, hospitalization
workers in dealing with child anxiety as conditions can also cause decreased appetite,
long as undergoing treatment. Play therapy nervousness, dizziness, tremors, insomnia,
was only carried out by nursing students cold sweat and face become reddish.
who conducted research in hospitals and Behavior changes can also occur, such as
there had never been any research on anxiety, fussy children, easily surprised,
crying, rebelling, avoiding withdrawal, Consecutive Sampling. A sample of 24
impatience, tension, and awareness of the school-age children who met the inclusion
environment. These things make children and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria
uncomfortable and disrupt the care and in this study were school-aged children who
treatment process for children (Saputro & were hospitalized on day 2, the exclusion
Fazrin, 2017). criteria in this study were school-aged
One of the recommended games is to children who underwent hospitalization with
play in the procedures of projects that poor general conditions. The time of the
involve hospital routines and environments, study was conducted in February-March
namely playing the language (Adriana, 2019. Measuring instruments in this study
2011). Health workers or parents teach used an anxiety questionnaire Zung Self-
children about things that are in the hospital, Rating Anxiety Scale (Nursalam, 2017).
such as mentioning the verbs in the hospital,
mentioning equipment that is often used in RESULTS
care and treatment. The introduction of this
Table 1 Frequency Distribution of
equipment can be with pictures of stories or
Respondents by Age, Gender,
officers telling stories with about equipment
Experience Entering
such as tensimeter, stethoscope. With this
Hospitals for School-Age
therapy children can master situations that
Children in Dr. RSU Wahidin
are unfamiliar and feel safe in a foreign
Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto
environment (Saputro & Fazrin, 2017). By
playing the language the child will speak by No Variable Category F (%)
guessing or telling stories so that the child 1. Age 6-7 years old 12 50,0
concentrates on playing the language so that 8-9 years old 6 25,0
the child's anxiety will decrease. 10-12 years 6 25,0
Based on the background above, the old
researcher wanted to examine the "Effects of 2. Gender Male 13 54,2
Therapy for Language Playing on the Female 11 45,8
Anxiety Level of School-Age Children Due 3. Hospital Have been 8 33,3
to Hospitality" experience treated in a
hospital
Never been 16 66,7
RESEARCH METHODS treated in a
hospital
This study used a pre-experimental
Total 72 100
research method with a one group pretest-
posttest approach, researchers assessed the Based on table 1 shows that some
level of anxiety after respondent's pre-test respondents were 6-7 years old (50.0%).
was then given treatment after being given Characteristics of respondents based on sex
treatment the researcher gave a post test on showed most of the male sex were 13
the same day. The population in this study respondents (54.2%). Characteristics of
were all school-aged children who were respondents based on hospital experience
hospitalized in the Kertawijaya room of Dr. showed that the majority of respondents had
RSU Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto. never been hospitalized as many as 16
The sampling used in this study was respondents (66.7%).
Table 2 Characteristics of anxiety before and stressors that may occur during the treatment
after language play therapy in the period. Anxiety is a vague feeling that is not
Kertawijaya room of Dr. RSU relaxed because of discomfort or fear
Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto accompanied by a response (Ibrahim, 2007).
in February-March 2019 Anxiety can be caused by
Anxiety level Pre Post physiological effects of health problems,
Frekuency Percentage Frekuency Percentage psychological effects of illness and fear
(%) (%)
No anxiety 2 8,3 22 91,7
related to the overall process and the
Mild anxiety 20 83,3 2 8,3 possibility of bodily injury, physical danger,
Moderate 2 8,3 0 0 and pain. Every school-age child has a
anxiety
Severe 0 0 0 0 different response. As age increases,
anxiety requests for help from children will decrease
Total 24 100,0 24 100,0
and children will only ask for help if there
are complaints of comfort.
Based on table 2 shows there is an Based on table 1 shows that almost
increase in the percentage of no anxiety half of the respondents aged 6-7 years were
from 8.3% to 91.7%, a decrease in 12 respondents (50.0%). The results of cross
percentage from mild to moderate 91.6% to tabulation showed that there were
8.3% respondents aged 6-7 years as many as 12
The Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test test respondents experienced mild to moderate
results using SPSS 22.0 note that based on anxiety. School-age children worry about
the test output of the statistics above it is disability, and fear of injury and pain. They
known that asymp.sig (2-tailed) is worth want to know the reasons for the procedure
0,000. Because 0,000 <0,05, it can be and the examination that was carried out
concluded that "H1 is accepted" means that (Kyle & Carman, 2014). The level of
there is a difference between the results of anxiety can be influenced by age, because
pre-test and post-test after giving language age is closely related to children's cognitive
play therapy, so it can be concluded that development. In children who are younger,
there is influence of language play therapy their mindset in dealing with problems that
on the anxiety level of school-age children can cause anxiety is still less than children
Kertawijaya's room at Dr. RSU Wahidin above the age. Children have not been able
Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto. to accept perceptions about the disease and
the environment of foreign hospitals, so the
DISCUSSION
Based on table 2 shows that before response given tends to be heavy. The
given language play therapy most younger the age of the child, the higher the
respondents experienced mild anxiety as anxiety experienced due to hospitalization.
Based on table 1, most of the first
many as 20 respondents (83.3%).
According to theory (Kyle & Carman, time being treated in hospital were 16
2014). Children are more susceptible to the respondents (66.7%). The results of cross
effects of disease and hospitalization tabulation showed that there were 16
respondents who were first admitted to the
because this condition is a change in their
health status and general routine. They also hospital. Children who have previous
have limited understanding to help resolve experience of hospitalization will have
lower anxiety than children who have no
experience at all. The experience of having more pleased to begin showing interest
been treated also made the child connect the when invited to guess the picture, it was
previous events with current treatments. seen from the enthusiastic respondents in
Children who have unpleasant experiences guessing the picture and describing the
while being hospitalized before will make picture When children experience the
children afraid and traumatized hospitalization process children experience
(Saputro&Fazrin, 2017). anxiety, in addition to the pain experienced
While in hospital the child will enter a by children also experience fear in the
new environment and re-adapt. The therapy provided by health workers.
experience of respondents in undergoing Distraction techniques provided by
treatment at the hospital will affect play therapy can reduce the level of anxiety.
children's anxiety when re-entering the Decreasing children's anxiety levels occur
hospital, because they feel afraid and because when stressors can interfere with
traumatized by the care they have received. the child can be diverted by giving play
So the children's response is different in therapy. Language playing therapy is done
expressing their anxiety. by guessing the image can divert attention
Based on table 2 in the post-test there and can also be a means to help forget their
were most of the respondents experiencing a fear. In a state of illness children may not
decrease in anxiety as many as 22 want to tell their situation for fear, but by
respondents (91.7%) experienced normal playing children have the opportunity to
anxiety and 2 respondents (8.3%) share experiences and what they feel.
experienced mild anxiety. The statistical test results on the effect
According to the theory (Adriana, 2011), of language play therapy on the anxiety
play therapy is an attempt made to change level of school-age children due to
problematic behavior, by placing children in hospitalization using the Wilxocon Sign
playing situations. The purpose of this play Rank Test using SPSS 22.0 were obtained
therapy is to provide stimulation to the child asymp.sig (2-tailed) value worth 0,000.
so that the child's thinking power will be Because 0,000 <0.05. There was an increase
stimulated to utilize his emotional, social in the percentage of no anxiety from 8.3% to
and physical aspects, playing can also 91.7%, a decrease in the percentage from
improve his physical abilities, experience, mild to moderate 91.6% to 8.3%. This
and knowledge. Every experience is shows significant results after playing
something valuable and learning from therapy on respondents of school-age
experience can improve skills to deal with children who undergo hospitalization.
anxiety. The game can be a medium of
communication between children and other
When children undergo people, including nurses or health workers at
hospitalization, there will be a number of the hospital nurses can examine and feelings
different responses for each child. After and thoughts of children through non verbal
being given language playing therapy by expressions shown during the game or
guessing the image of the respondent through interactions aimed at children with
experiencing a change from the previously their playing groups (Supartini, 2004).
silent, refusing to be invited to Coupled with the effort to provide variety in
communication, being angry, becoming the game, the game can also help children to
stimulate children's thinking in emotional, language play therapy on the anxiety level
social, and physical aspects. In addition, of children undergo in hospitalization by
children's experience, knowledge and mental considering the factors that can cause
balance will increase. Playing at the hospital anxiety, can begivenin other forms as
for children will help to continue the growth playing media according to the age of the
and development so that it is not hampered respondent.
by the child's condition. Children can also
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